LAB REPORT

EXPERIMENT 4: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM

Student’s Name: Võ Vương Nhật Tân

Student’s Number: ITITIU19205 Group: 03
Instructor’s Comments:

1. What is Le Chatelier's principle about?

Le Chatelier’s principle is an observation about chemical equilibria of reactions.

2. What are the factors that affect equilibrium state?

It states that changes in the temperature, pressure, volume, or concentration of a system will
result in predictable and opposing changes in the system in order to achieve a new equilibrium
state.

3. How many experiments do you need to work in this lab? List all the name

1. Acid/base equilibria.
2. Equilibria of acid/base indicators.
3. Complex ion formation.
4. Equilibria of precipitation reactions.
5. Temperature effects on equilibria.

4. List all the glassware (equipment) used in that experiment?

- One 10ml pipet

- One 50ml graduated cylinder
- Two 250ml beakers
- Two 150ml beakers
- One stirring rod
- Fourteen test tubes

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5. Summary the procedure of all experiment(s)

5.1 Acid / base equilibria

- Add 10 drops 0,5M K2Cr2O4 into tube 1 → observe the color 

- Add 10 drops 0,5M K2Cr2O4 into tube 2 

→ Then add 5 drops concentrated HCl into tube 2 → observe the color, compare with 1

- Add 10 drops 0,5M K2Cr2O4 into tube 3 

→ Then add 5 drops concentrated HCl into tube 3 → observe the color, compare with 1
    → Then add 10 drops 6M NaOH into tube 3 → observe the color, compare with 2

5.2 Equilibria of acid/base indicator

- Add 2 drops methyl violet into tube A 

     → Then add 20 mL distilled water into tube A
     → Then divide tube A equally into tube 1 and 2

- Tube 1: Observe the color

- Tube 2: drop 6M HCl wisely until no significant change → observe the color change
            
→ Then drop 6M NaOH wisely until no significant change → observe the color change
          → drop 6M HCl wisely until no significant change → observe the color change

5.3 Equilibria of precipitation reaction

- Tube 1: 0.1M CaCl2 +0.1M Na2C2O4

- Tube 2: 0.1M CaCl2 +0.1M H2C2O4 + 6M HCl+ 6M NH4OH

 observe the color change of each step

5.4 Temperature effect on equilibria

- Prepare 3 tubes, add 3 mL 0,1M CoCl2 into each tube, then add conc. HCl drop by drop into
each tube until the solution turns to purple-violet (3 tube with the same color: purple-violet).

- Tube 1: At room temperature → observe the color

- Tube 2: Put tube 2 in hot water → observe the color, compare with 1 
            → Then put tube 2 in ice bath → observe the color, compare with 1 

- Tube 3: Put tube 3 in ice bath → observe the color, compare with 1 
            → Then put tube 3 in hot water → observe the color, compare with 1