PRELAB REPORT

EXPERIMENT 1: CHEMICAL REACTIONS

Student’s Name: Võ Vương Nhật Tân

Student’s Number: ITITIU19205

Instructor’s Comments:

Read the entire laboratory assignment. Answer all pre-lab questions before beginning the lab

1) Define & Describe each of the four main types of reactions.

+ Five general types of reactions: synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double

displacement.
- Chemical synthesis, the construction of complex chemical compounds from simpler
ones. It is the process by which many substances important to daily life are obtained. It
is applied to all types of chemical compounds, but most syntheses are of organic
molecules.
- Chemical decomposition, or chemical breakdown, is the process or effect of
simplifying a single chemical entity (normal molecule, reaction intermediate, etc.) into
two or more fragments. Chemical decomposition is usually regarded and defined as the
exact opposite of chemical synthesis. In short, the chemical reaction in which two or
more products are formed from a single reactant is called a decomposition reaction.
- A single replacement reaction, sometimes called a single displacement reaction, is a
reaction in which one element is substituted for another element in a compound.
- Double replacement reactions—also called double displacement, exchange, or
metathesis reactions—occur when parts of two ionic compounds are exchanged,
making two new compounds.

2) Provide an example of each of the four main types of reactions. Please choose a different one from
that provided in the pre-lab discussion.

- Chemical synthesis

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 - Chemical decomposition

- Single replacement reaction

2K + 2H2O → 2KOH + H
- Double replacement reactions

3) List at least 2 safety precautions you must consider during this lab.

1. WEAR APPROVED EYE PROTECTION AT ALL TIMES.

2. WEAR PROPER PROTECTIVE CLOTHING.

3. WEAR PROPER PROTECTIVE FOOTWEAR

4. NEVER WORK IN A CHEMICAL LABORATORY WITHOUT PROPER

SUPERVISION.

4) Summarize the procedure (step-by-step and diagrams are encouraged) for each experiment

1. Reactions of Cu2+
o Test tube 1: Add 10 drops 0.5M CuSO4 and 10 drops 2M NaOH, mix tubes
gently then observe the reaction. After that, add 10 drops 2M NaOH, mix tubes
gently then observe the reaction.

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 o Test tube 2: Add 10 drops 0.5M CuSO4 and 10 drops 2M NH4OH, mix tubes
gently then observe the reaction. After that, add 10 drops 2M NH4OH, mix
tubes gently then observe the reaction.

2. Reactions of silver halides

Section 1: Reactions of Potassium Chloride (KCl)

o Test tube 1: Add 10 drops 0.5M KCl and 10 drops 0.1M AgNO 3, mix
tubes gently and wait at least 2 min then observe the reaction.
o Test tube 2: Add 10 drops 0.5M KCl, 10 drops 0.1M AgNO 3 and 10
drops 2M NH4OH, mix tubes gently and wait at least 2 minutes then
observe the reaction.

Section 2: Reactions of Potassium Bromide (KBr)

o Test tube 1: Add 10 drops 0.5M KBr and 10 drops 0.1M AgNO 3, mix
tubes gently and wait at least 2 minutes then observe the reaction.

o Test tube 2: Add 10 drops 0.5M KBr, 10 drops 0.1M AgNO 3 and 10
drops 2M NH4OH, mix tubes gently and wait at least 2 minutes then
observe the reaction.

Section 3: Reactions of Potassium Iodide (KI)

o Test tube 1: Add 10 drops 0.5M KI and 10 drops 0.1M AgNO 3, mix tubes
gently and wait at least 2 minutes then observe the reaction.

o Test tube 2: Add 10 drops 0.5M KI, 10 drops 0.1M AgNO 3 and 10 drops
2M NH4OH, mix tubes gently and wait at least 2 minutes then observe the
reaction.

3. Reactions of H2O2

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 o Test tube 1: Add 1 drop 0.1M KMnO4, 5 drops 2M H2SO4 and 5 drops 3% H2O2,
mix tubes gently and wait at least 2 minutes then observe the reaction.

o Test tube 2: Add 5 drop 0.1M KI, 5 drops 2M H 2SO4 and 5 drops 3% H2O2, mix
tubes gently and wait at least 2 minutes then observe the reaction.

o Test tube 3: Add 10 drops 3% H 2O2 and a pinch of MnO2, mix tubes gently and
wait at least 2 minutes then observe the reaction.

4. Reactions of Nitrate

Section 1: Nitrate ion (NO3-) in strong acid

Add 10 drops 1M NaNO3, 10 drops saturated FeSO4 and 96% H2SO4 (Pour acid
carefully and slowly down the inside wall of test tube until the reaction happens,
no shaking) then observe the reaction.

Section 2: Nitrite ion (NO2-) in strong acid

Add 10 drops 1M NaNO2, 10 drops saturated FeSO4 and 96% H2SO4 (Pour acid
carefully and slowly down the inside wall of test tube until the reaction happens,
no shaking) then observe the reaction.

Section 3: Nitrate ion (NO3-) in weak acid

Add 10 drops 1M NaNO3, 10 drops saturated FeSO4 and concentrated
CH3COOH (Pour acid carefully and slowly down the inside wall of test tube
until the reaction happens, no shaking) then observe the reaction.

5. Reactions of KMnO4
o Test tube 1: Add 10 drops 0.5M Na2SO3, 5 drops 2M H2SO4 and 5 drops 0.1M
KMnO4, mix tubes gently then observe the reaction.

o Test tube 2: Add 10 drops 0.5M Na2SO3, 5 drops 2M H2SO4 and 5 drops 6M
NaOH, mix tubes gently then observe the reaction.

o Test tube 3: Add 10 drops 0.5M Na2SO3, 5 drops 2M H2SO4 and 5 drops distilled
water, mix tubes gently then observe the reaction.
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 6. Reaction of Potassium Dichromate (K2Cr2O7)

Add 10 drops 0.5M K2Cr2O7, 10 drops 6M H2SO4 and 5 drops C2H5OH then
observe the reaction.

7. Reaction of ion

Section 1: Ferric ion (Fe3+)

Add 10 drops 0.5M FeCl3 per tube
· Test tube 1: Add 5 drops 2M KOH, mix tubes gently then observe the reaction.
· Test tube 2: Add 5 drops 2M NH 4OH, mix tubes gently then observe the
reaction.

Section 2: Ferrous ion (Fe2+)

Add 10 drops 0.5M FeSO4 per tube
· Test tube 1: Add 5 drops 2M KOH, mix tubes gently then observe the reaction.
· Test tube 2: Add 5 drops 2M NH 4OH, mix tubes gently then observe the
reaction.

8. Reactions of Al3+

o Test tube 1:Add 10 drops 0.5M Al₂(SO₄)₃, 5 drops 2M NaOH mix tubes gently
then observe the reaction.

o Test tube 2: Add 10 drops 0.5M Al₂(SO₄)₃, 5 drops 2M NaOH mix tubes gently
then observe the reaction. After that, add 20 drops 2M HCl, mix tubes gently
then observe the reaction.

o Test tube 3: Add 10 drops 0.5M Al₂(SO₄)₃, 5 drops 2M NaOH mix tubes gently
then observe the reaction. After that, add 20 drops 2M NaOH, mix tubes gently
then observe the reaction.

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9. Flame test

- Light the Bunsen burner then clean the loop with distilled water, dip the loop
into the tested solution and hold it in the flame. Finally, record the dominant
flame color.