of the reaction.

We will investigate four

of five factors that can be controlled to
ACTIVITY 1: Chemical Kinetics
affect the rate of a chemical reaction.

ABSTRACT
II. METHODOLOGY
Materials/ Ingredients
The purpose of this lab is to examine the
(1) Spot plate Mg ribbon Zn metal
rate of a first order chemical reaction at
two different temperatures to determine (3) 250-mL beaker 0.03% H2O2
the rate constant of the reaction at each
temperature. From these values, the 0.1 M FeCl3 (1) Thermometer
activation energy (Ea) can be 1 table NaHCO3 3 M H2SO3
determined. It is important to know the
activation energy for a reaction because 6 M CH3COOH 6 M HCI
the reaction cannot take place if this 6 M H3PO3 3 M HCI
activation energy is not present.
10-mL test tube 0.1 M Fe(NO3)3
0.1 M KNO3 0.1 M NaCl
I. INTRODUCTION
0.1 M MnCl2 0.01 M KMnO3
Chemical kinetics is the study of
chemical reaction rates, how reaction 0.1 M KMnO3 3 M H2SO3
rates are controlled, and the pathway or 0.33 M H2C2O4
mechanism by which a reaction
proceeds from its reactants to its Procedure:
products. Reaction rates vary from the
Part 1. Ionic Equilibrium Chromate-
very fast, in which the reaction, such as
Dichromate Equilibrium the yellow
the explosion of a hydrogen/oxygen
chromate ion will react with the
mixture, is essentially complete in
hydronium ion from an acid to form the
microseconds or even nanoseconds, to
orange dichromate ion according to the
the very slow, in which the reaction,
following question. Chromate ion is
such as the setting of concrete requires
yellow in solution, while dichromate ion
years to complete. The rate of a
is orange. Carefully note the difference
chemical reaction may be expressed as a
between these two colors as you do this
change in the concentration of a reactant
part of the experiment
as a function of time-the greater the
change in the concentration per unit of 2 CrO4 (aq) + 2H3O (aq) <> Cr2O7
time, the faster the rate of the reaction. (aq) + 3H2O(1)
Other measurable parameters that can
YELLOW ORANGE
change as a function of time in a
chemical reaction are color, temperature, Add 10 droops of 0.1 M K2CrO4 in a
pH, and conductivity. The parameter small test tube and then add several
chosen for following the rate of a drops of the following reagents to the
particular reaction depends on the nature same test tube one at a time.
a. 6 M HCl b. 10 drops of 1 M NH4Cl to test tube
2
b. 6 M NaOH
Record your observation
c. 6 M HCl
2. Add 10 drops of 0.1 M NH3
Part II. Ferric Thiocyanate Equilibrium
solution in each two different test tubes.
Complex ions form when certain ions Add one drop of phenolptthalein
combine with other ions or molecules. indicator to each these tubes and then
The iron(III) ion and the thioscynate ion add the following
form a complex ion according to the
a. 10 drops of 6 M HCl to test tube 1
following equilibrium question.
b. 10 drops of 1 M NH4Cl to test tube
Fe(aq) + 6SCN(aq) <> Fe(SCN)6 (aq)
2
BLOODY RED
Record your observation
Add 5 drops each of 0.1 M Ferric nitrate
Part IV. Saturated Solution Equilibria
(Fe(NO3)3 and 0.1 M potassium
thiocyanate (KSCN) in a 100-ml beaker. 1. Place 20 drops of clear saturated
Add more water to this if the solution NaCl salt solution in a test tube and then
looks too dark. Place small but equal add concentrated HCl drop by drop and
quantities of this solution in each of five observe.
set of test tubes, then add the following
2. Place 10 drop of 0.1 M BaCl2,
Test Tube 1 = 3 ml water solution in a test tube. Add a few drops
of K2CrO2 observe now add a 6 M HCl
Test Tube 2 = 10 drops KSCN
solution drop by drop and observe.
Test Tube 3 = 10 drops of Fe(NO3)3
Test Tube 4 = 10 drops 0.1 M NaOH
Test Tube 5 10 drops 0.1 M HCl
PART III. Weak acid/base Equilibria
and the effect of a common ion on the
equilibrium
HC2H3O2 <> H+ + C2H3O2
NH3 + H20 <> NH4 + OH
1. Place 10 drops of 0.1 M acetic acid
solution in each of two different test
tubes. Add one drop of methyl orange
indicator to each test tube and then add
the following
a. 10 drops of 6 M NaOH to test tube
1
 C. Effects of Concentration
III. DATA AND RESULTS Test tube No. 1M HCl- 3M
HCl-6 M HCl
A. Nature of reactants T1 The formation of
Spot H2S CHC HCl H3P the bubbles is
No. O4 OOH O4 slow on the metal
A-1 4SE It Still = (7 mins)
3M C didn’t visible T2 Slightly fast
H2S04 dissolv formation of
e well bubbles on the
A-2 22S Some Others = metal (41 sec.)
6M EC of the turn T3 Rapid formation
CHC molar half of the bubbles on
OOH dissolv the metal (10.36
e sec.)
A-3 1 It Mg =
6M SEC dissolv ribbon D. Effects of Catalyst
HCl e very compl
fast etely REAGENTS OBSERVATION
disslol FeCl3 yellowish
ve Fe(No8)3 Nothing
A-4 9 It Some = happened
6M SEC slowly of Mg KNO3 yellowish
HPO4 dissolv ribbon NaCl Nothing
e dissolv happened
e MnCl2 Nothing
happened
B. Effect of temperature

Beake Ice Bath Rm 70

r No. Temp degre
. e
celciu
s
B1 Slightly
dissolve
B2 It slowly
dissolve
B3 It
dissolve
d fast
 E. Concentration of Reactants solution at 273 K seems to have a lower
correlation coefficient, which is
probably because of error in this lab.
Kmno4 Ln(kmn04) Rate In The first error could have been the
(1/time rate temperature of the solution in the ice
bath; without a thermometer, there was
5.26x10- 1.66x10-4 0.45 0.80 no way of knowing if the solution was
4 actually the same temperature as the
4x10-3 1.38x10-3 0.014 3.96 surrounding ice bath: 273 K. If the
1.43x10- 1.43x10-3 0.30 1.20 solution were warmer than desired, it
3 would mean the rate constant is higher
1.82x10- 5.9x10-4 0.04 3.22 than it should be. This is a non-systemic
3 error and it could have been avoided by
using a thermometer to make sure the
solution was at the desired temperature.
Another non-systemic error is that even
though the cuvette was wiped off when
it was taken out of the ice bath, it is
inevitable that some condensation
formed on the outside of the cuvette.
Although this error was minimized
because the lower of two readings was
recorded, the existing condensation still
refracted the photons away from the
instrument’s detector, causing it to be
higher than it should be. Finally, a
systemic error was that when the cuvette
was put into the spectrophotometer, the
IV. DISCUSSION absorption reading fluctuated greatly.
A reaction between NaOH and Since these trials were timed, once a
phenolphthalein was carried out at two number was shown for a few seconds
different temperatures to obtain without changing, that number was
absorbance readings at different time recorded. Despite these possible errors,
intervals. The absorbance readings were the data seems pretty reliable.
used to calculate the rate constant, k, at
V. CONCLUSION
each temperature. The slope of the best-
fit line for each graph was equal to –k. In conclusion, this experiment is
The rate constant at 273 K conducted to determine the rate law of a
was .0365/minute, and the rate constant chemical reaction using the Method of
at 295 K was .163/minute. The rate Initial Rates. And determine the
constants were then used to calculate Ea, activation energy of the reaction by
which was 45,500 J. The graph of the finding the value of the rate constant, k,
solution, at room temperature seems as at several temperatures. And also to
if it has a high correlation coefficient, so observe the effect of a catalyst on the
the data seems reliable. The graph of the reaction rate.
VI. ANSWER TO QUESTIONS catalysts. Each of these
factors increases reaction rate
1. How does the change in
because they increase the
concentration of kmno4, affect
number or energy of
the rate of the reaction?
collisions.
- An increase in the
b. Effect of temperature -
concentration of a reactant often
Temperature Effects.
increases the speed of a reaction.
Increasing the temperature of
For example, if two molecules, A
a system increases the
and B must collide in order to
average kinetic energy of its
react, anything that increases the
constituent particles. Hence
frequency of those collisions
the reaction rate of virtually
increases the rate of the reaction.
all reactions increases with
2. Plot in rate vs. in kmno4
increasing temperature.
- Plotting a graph of OD vs.
Conversely, the reaction rate
time which were obtained by
of virtually all reactions
varying the plot of log initial
decreases with decreasing
rate against log kmno4 gave
temperature.
a straight line
c. Effect of concentration -
Concentration: If there is
3. Assuming the reaction is zero
more of a substance in a
order with respect to h2c2o4,
system, there is a greater
what is the rate constant and the
chance that molecules will
rate law expression?
collide and speed up the rate
- Zero-Order Reactions. In
of the reaction. ... When you
some reactions, the rate is
increase the pressure, the
apparently independent of the
molecules have less space in
reactant concentration. The
which they can move. That
rates of these zero-order
greater density of molecules
reactions do not vary with
increases the number of
increasing nor decreasing
collisions.
reactants concentrations. This
d. Effect of catalyst - Reaction
means that the rate of the
rates generally increase with
reaction is equal to the rate
increasing reactant
constant, k, of that reaction.
concentration, increasing
4. How do the following factors
temperature, and the addition
affect the rate of chemical
of a catalyst. Physical
reaction?
properties such as high
a. Nature reactants - There are
solubility also increase
several factors that affect
reaction rates.
reaction rates. Their effects
5. Identify the factors that accounts
can be explained using
for the following chemical
collision theory. These
observations:
factors are the nature of the
a) Enzymes accelerate
reactants, concentration,
certain biochemical
surface area, temperature and
 reactions, but are not assignments/chemical-kinetics-lab-
consumed. - a Enzymes report/1070570/view
are biological catalysts
https://chem.libretexts.org/Ancillary_Ma
Catalysts lower the
terials/Laboratory_Experiments/Wet_La
activation energy for
b_Experiments/General_Chemistry_Lab
reactions The lower the
s/Online_Chemistry_Lab_Manual/Chem
activation energy for a
_12_Experiments/01%3A_Chemical_Ki
reaction the faster the
netics_-
reaction rate Thus
_The_Method_of_Initial_Rates_(Experi
enzymes speed up
ment)
reactions by lowering
activation energy https://www.google.com/search?ei=tOsF
b) Meat spoils more rapidly XeT2FsiqoASpuqDQAw&q=Gold+and
when it is not +silver+are+used+for+jewelry%2C+but
refrigerated. - Cooked +iron+and+sodium+are+not.&oq=Gold
food sitting at room +and+silver+are+used+for+jewelry%2C
temperature is in what the +but+iron+and+sodium+are+not.&gs_l
USDA calls the “Danger =psy-
Zone,” which is between ab.3..0i30.23834.26179..26411...0.0..0.2
40°F and 140°F. In this 50.322.1j0j1......0....2j1..gws-
range of temperatures, wiz.......0i71.gO_sEvYGmsw
bacteria grows rapidly
and the food can become
unsafe to eat, so it should
only be left out no more
than two hours.
c) Gold and silver are used
for jewelry, but iron and
sodium are not. - Iron is
magnetic and copper is
not. Gold an Platinum
are malleable and ductile
but do not react with
water. ... Zinc and iron
react mildly with steam.
Copper, gold and silver
do not react with water at
all.

VI. REFERENCE
https://www.studocu.com/en/document/ CERTIFICATION
university-of-miami/chemistry-
laboratory-i/mandatory-
This is to certify that the following
student participated in doing this written
report, entitled “Chemical Kinetics” that
will be passed on June 15, 2019.

________________________
Concepcion, Rose Anne C.

________________________
Litan, Jacqueline Syra B.

________________________
Dela Cruz, Ruel

________________________
Lelis, Jasnald

________________________
Gavilan, John Andre