LABOR PRODUCTIVITY ANALYSIS OF BUILDING

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Mayuri Rajiv Nainav 1 Prof. R B Matkar 2
1
Student M.E. Structures, Dept of Civil Engineering PVPIT College of engineering Bandhan,pune, India
2
Assistant Professor, Dept of Civil Engineering PVPIT College of engineering Bandhan,pune, India
Email:mayu.n7@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
With the continuous decline in profit margins and increased competition in construction
projects, construction contractors are finding ways of eliminating waste and increasing profits.
Although numerous approaches have been developed to improve efficiency and effectiveness of
construction process, implementing statistical techniques offer the promise to minimize, if not
eliminate non value-adding work. The construction industry is one of the largest industries in any
economy. It makes a significant contribution to the national economy and provides employment to
large number of people. Time and motion study (also referred to as motion and time study, the terms
are used interchangeably) is the scientific study of the conservation of human resources in the search
for the most efficient method of doing a task. Time and motion study is carried out to asses’ human
effectiveness by improved planning and sound incentive schemes to its employees.

Keywords –Labour productivity,time motion,work study,regression analysis

I. INTRODUCTION
The Industrial Revolution
irreversibly changed mankind from
numerous points of view, including both
monetarily and sociologically, close by
demographically. Economies had the
option to get away from the Malthusian
snare without precedent for history
(Roser, 2019), never to turn around
again. We as a whole know when and
where this change originally began
however do we know why? Why
precisely the initial steps for large scale
manufacturing were taken in the late
eighteenth century Britain? Why not
anyplace else? Why not Netherlands?
What was it that decided the essential
conditions for a situation that facilitated
the innovative unrest in businesses
propelling condition? The eighteenth
century was as yet a time of lingering
elation for the Dutch, after a century
after what is alluded to as the Dutch
Golden Age. The Dutch Republic was
showing improvement over their rival in
numerous angles, including exchange,
science, military, craftsmanship and so
on. However some way or another, it
was the British Empire that facilitated
the rise of the best move in mankind's
history since that time we concluded it
was smarter to remain in one spot,
develop crops and tame creatures as
opposed to moving around constantly
assembling and chasing what we could
discover. The writing on this subject by
and large expresses that the Dutch was
experiencing a difficult time of wars
and exchange restrictions. In any case,
the information shows that the Dutch
country, in general, had better
expectations for everyday comforts than
that of the British, in spite of its
bothered state. Another examination by
Mokyr (1999) contends that the Dutch
couldn't participate in innovative
progressions in such a path because of
the rapture of its Golden Age, which in
truth was additionally taken care of by
fast mechanical headways. He further
clarifies this by separating the Industrial
Revolution as the principal progression
that had the option to break the
Malthusian model for development and
every single past innovation as giving
transient increase that at last restricted
further turn of events.
1.1 Aim Of The Present Work
To analyses labour productivity
for residential building site
1.2 Objectives: Labour Productivity
And Uses
 To improve the work
process in terms of
production time and to
identify the parameters to
increase productivity
 To measure the work
content of a job by doing
work sampling for
construction activities.
 To find correlation various
human activities related to
concreting and establish
regression equation
between them for
concreting slab work.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
In development ventures, there
are three fundamental arranging
components: time, cost, and quality.
These ideas are in a cozy relationship
with one another. Work profitability is
additionally a key idea of development
arranging endeavors and has an
immediate interrelationship with the
triple requirement referenced
previously. (SerdarUlubeyli,
AynurKazaz, BayramEr., 2014). Lower
work execution is unequivocally
identified with the nearness of progress
of work, disturbances and modify. On
normal 30% loss of proficiency happens
when changes are finished. The most
critical sorts of interruptions are absence
of materials and data and playing out
the work out of succession. These
interruptions bring about every day loss
of proficiency in scope of 25% - half.
(H. Randolf Thomas& Carmen I.
Napolitan). Work efficiency is likewise
one of the exhibition markers to survey
the achievement of the development
venture. Since development is a work
escalated industry, it very well may be
contended that the work power is the
predominant profitable asset. Therefore
development efficiency is principally
subject to human exertion and
execution. Work efficiency is
significant list in light of grouping of
work expected to finish explicit work.
(Wen yi& Albert P.C.Chan, 2014).
Profitability is for the most part
proportion of yield to include. In type of
condition it very well may be appeared
as follows:
Productivity = Output ÷
Input
= Total output
÷ Total work hour.
III. METHODOLOGY WORK
STUDY
So as to comprehend the job of work
study, we have to comprehend the job
of technique study and that of time
study. Technique study (additionally
now and then called Work Method
Design) is for the most part used to
improve the strategy for accomplishing
work. It is similarly appropriate to new
openings. At the point when applied to
existing occupations and existing
employments, technique study intends
to discover better strategies for carrying
out the responsibilities that are
conservative and safe, require less
human exertion, and need shorter
prepare/set aside time. The better
technique includes the ideal utilization
of best materials and proper labor with
the goal that work is acted in efficient
way prompting expanded asset usage,
better quality and lower costs. It can
consequently be expressed that through
technique study we have a precise
method of creating human asset
adequacy, giving high machine and
hardware use, and utilizing materials.
Time study, then again, gives the
standard time, that is the time required
by laborer to finish a vocation by the
standard strategy. Standard occasions
for various occupations are important
for legitimate estimation of
 manpower, machinery and
equipment requirements
 daily, weekly or monthly
requirement of materials
 production cost per unit as an
input to better make or buy
decision
 labour budgets
 Worker’s efficiency and make
incentive wage payments.
3.1 Method Study Procedure
The following general steps
describe the procedure for making a
method study.
1. Select the job – on which
method study is to be applied.
2. Obtain information and record.
3. Examine the information
critically.
4. Build up the most functional,
prudent and successful strategy
by thinking about genuine
impediments of the
circumstance.
5. Install the new method as
standard practice.
6. Maintain the standard practice
by regular follow up.
IV. PROBLEM STATEMENT
Fig 1 Study Area 1- Sinhgad Guardian
 To improve the productivity by
using the correlation and
regression method and detect
the cause of low productivity.
 Higher productivity in
organization leads to national
prosperity and better standard
of living for the whole
community. Improving
productivity through time and
motion studies is used in
construction sector and allied
industries. Work study consists
of 2 aspects, method study and
measurement which when
applied effectively results to
higher productivity. The main
problem of constructions
productivity depends upon how
labors are utilized. Labour
productivity can be higher or
lower depending on factors like
availability of work load,
material, working tools,
availability of power, work
efficiency, level of motivation,
level of training of working
condition (comfortable or poor)
etc.
 For above objective 5 days
observation are recorded from
site Sinhgad Guardian,
Paranjape Broadway Wakad
& Pristine Equilife.
 90 13 63 87 12 99 18
0 00 3 0 00 0 95
MI MI MI MI MI MI MI
N( N( N( N( N( N( N(
A) B) C) D) E) F) G)
24 -
0 68 0 58 0 0 0
V V V V V V
A A A A A A V
R( R( R( R( R( R( AR
A) B) C) D) E) F) (G)
26 17 25 38 17 11 30
81 61 50 75 16 72 52
Fig 2 Study Area 2 - Paranjape 2.1 2.1 8.9 8.2 36. 59. 01.
Broadway Wakad 72 50 66 45 45 00 21
46 4 4 5 08 7 01
M M M M M M
E E E E E E M
DI DI DI DI DI DI ED
A A A A A A IA
N( N( N( N( N( N( N(
A) B) C) D) E) F) G)
35 53 45 14
0.6 4.8 0.2 76.
34 40 48 96
56 25 66 18 48 36 50
4 0 9 1 47 7 75
C C C C C C
O O O O O O CO
R R R R R R RR
Fig 3 Study Area 3 - Pristine Equilife RE RE RE RE RE RE EL
LC LC LC LC LC LC C2
V. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 12 13 14 15 16 17 3
- - -
5.1 Study Area 1 - Sinhgad Guardian
0.4 - - - 0.1 0.1 0.2
60 0.0 0.0 0.1 97 92 70
Table 1 Data Analysis - Beam
13 61 48 99 79 35 61
35 71 23 44 07 93 72
DATA ANALYSIS 63 6 52 74 6 4 38
SD SD SD SD C C C C C C
(A (B (C (D SD SD SD O O O O O O CO
) ) ) ) (E) (F) (G) R R R R R R RR
16 13 15 19 41 34 55 RE RE RE RE RE RE EL
3.7 2.7 9.7 6.8 4.2 2.4 2.4 LC LC LC LC LC LC C3
44 10 15 71 90 31 50 24 25 26 27 34 35 6
22 77 26 13 29 02 18 - - - - 0.3 0.5 0.5
88 7 7 9 78 5 79 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.1 94 26 23
M M M M M M M 29 19 19 29 30 60 34
A A A A A A A 97 22 22 47 64 14 75
X( X( X( X( X( X( X( 64 95 94 83 35 5 74
A) B) C) D) E) F) G)
 6 MI MI MI MI MI MI MI
C C C C C C N( N( N( N( N( N( N(
O O O O O O CO A) B) C) D) E) F) G)
R R R R R R RR 32 11
RE RE RE RE RE RE EL 38 10 26 0.0 28 31.
LC LC LC LC LC LC C6 1.8 5.1 5.6 62 4.3 35
37 45 46 47 56 57 7 40 04 85 34 44 41 70
0.2 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.5 0 27 30 03 2 18 8
54 40 40 18 99 68 70 V V V V V V
63 29 99 64 89 90 04 A A A A A A V
31 29 68 45 93 32 49 R( R( R( R( R( R( AR
93 2 5 6 51 1 1 A) B) C) D) E) F) (G)
30 54 28
88 18 38 19 70 43 64
31 50 68 79 0.9 17 4.7
6.6 2.8 3.2 8.7 04 2.2 14
2 61 60 29 0 43 9
M M M M M M
E E E E E E M
DI DI DI DI DI DI ED
A A A A A A IA
N( N( N( N( N( N( N(
A) B) C) D) E) F) G)
21 59 14
94. 53 54 45 8.7 53 12.
37 4.9 4.3 8.3 23 1.9 90
30 56 81 31 58 01 46
2 48 48 46 9 76 9
C C C C C C
O O O O O O CO
5.2 Study Area 2 - Paranjape R R R R R R RR
Broadway Wakad RE RE RE RE RE RE EL
LC LC LC LC LC LC C2
Table 2 Data analysis –Beam 12 13 14 15 16 17 3
0.2 0.7 0.5
DATA ANALYSIS 26 0.5 0.8 0.7 05 0.3 45
SD SD SD SD 52 49 12 05 81 04 82
(A (B (C (D SD SD SD 00 16 05 81 92 16 94
) ) ) ) (E) (F) (G) 1 47 00 92 0 01 6
23 16 C C C C C C
17 13 19 14 3.8 20 9.2 O O O O O O CO
57. 6.0 6.6 0.7 82 7.7 47 R R R R R R RR
36 25 80 07 24 79 49 RE RE RE RE RE RE EL
07 22 60 95 3 31 6 LC LC LC LC LC LC C3
M M M M M M M 24 25 26 27 34 35 6
A A A A A A A 0.2 0.5 0.8 0.8
X( X( X( X( X( X( X( 57 0.6 0.6 0.6 99 30 30
A) B) C) D) E) F) G) 72 51 51 69 34 91 91
73 99 10 77 11 99 18 63 53 53 04 48 76 76
72 0 25 5 20 5 25 6 40 40 94 3 1 06
C C C C C C 2 9
O O O O O O CO V V V V V V
R R R R R R RR A A A A A A V
RE RE RE RE RE RE EL R( R( R( R( R( R( AR
LC LC LC LC LC LC C6 A) B) C) D) E) F) (G)
37 45 46 47 56 57 7 29 59 32
0.4 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 92 93 48 26 79 50 70
98 36 36 0.3 0.4 56 56 47 04. 52 64 8.4 30 3.0
51 93 93 45 32 05 05 8.4 98 0.4 5.4 87 9.9 29
77 40 40 50 21 19 19 1 09 98 96 9 21 8
94 4 4 69 1 9 92 M M M M M M
E E E E E E M
DI DI DI DI DI DI ED
A A A A A A IA
N( N( N( N( N( N( N(
A) B) C) D) E) F) G)
25 70 15
74. 67 51 8.6 59 09.
89 1.7 7.6 85 1.1 67
09 39 59 55 59 49 89
3 77 1 6 7 12 8
C C C C C C
O O O O O O CO
R R R R R R RR
RE RE RE RE RE RE EL
5.3 Study Area 3 - Pristine Equilife
LC LC LC LC LC LC C2
12 13 14 15 16 17 3
Table 3 Data analysis –Beam
0.2 0.7 0.6
74 0.5 0.7 0.7 13 0.3 15
DATA ANALYSIS 75 88 84 56 58 11 84
SD SD SD SD 84 89 23 50 28 64 28
(A (B (C (D SD SD SD 1 81 60 93 4 72 5
) ) ) ) (E) (F) (G) C C C C C C
17 24 18 O O O O O O CO
29. 96. 22 16 4.5 22 0.8 R R R R R R RR
87 46 0.2 3.2 37 4.2 39 RE RE RE RE RE RE EL
81 23 73 34 29 98 79 LC LC LC LC LC LC C3
5 29 69 48 3 73 0 24 25 26 27 34 35 6
M M M M M M M 0.2 0.5 0.8
A A A A A A A 73 0.6 0.6 0.6 15 0.8 66
X( X( X( X( X( X( X( 84 64 98 83 44 55 10
A) B) C) D) E) F) G) 63 51 00 19 82 29 97
73 11 11 90 12 11 19 0 19 63 81 9 50 4
72 00 25 0 00 00 50 C C C C C C
MI MI MI MI MI MI MI O O O O O O CO
N( N( N( N( N( N( N( R R R R R R RR
A) B) C) D) E) F) G) RE RE RE RE RE RE EL
50 56 10 33 38 33 12 LC LC LC LC LC LC C6
3.2 0 5.1 8.1 0 5 08. 37 45 46 47 56 57 7
77 85 84 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.9 0.6 0.6
59 30 72
19 30 84 25 95 40 60 roller)
93 81 10 48 72 34 26 6 Timber num/man 0.34
37 00 37 57 99 49 64 door /hour
6 6 2 1 27 8 25 installatio
n
(Dimensi
ons 2100
mm x 950
mm)
7 Wall m2/ 1.02
tiling man/hour
(Using
adhesive
to lay
ceramic
tiles)
8 Floor m2/man/h 2.03
tiling our
Table 4 Labour Productivity (Using
adhesive
S/ Trades Unit of Averag to lay
N Measure e Trade ceramic
ment Product tiles)
ivity 9 Suspende m2/ 5.04
1 Formwor m2/man/h 2.3 d ceiling man/hour
k our (Exposed
(Tablefor grid
m for system)
slab/bea 1 Air-con    
m) 0 ducting (
2 Mesh kg/man/h 142 Metal)
placing our a) Formed m2/man/h 2.9
and fixing and our
(Slab) insulated
3 Concrete m3/man/h 1.85 on-site
placement our b) Pre- m2/ 4.2
(Slab, formed man/hour
using and pre-
stationar insulated
y 1 Electrical m/man/h 2.71
concrete 1 conduit our
pump) installatio
4 Drywall m2/man/h 2.25 n
(12 mm our (20 mm
thick diameter
board) uPVC
5 Painting m2/man/h 5.5 electrical
(Emulsio our conduit
n 3 coats, fixed to
using ceiling)
1 Water m/man/h 1.65 Vol. 6 Issue 11, November
2 pipe our – 2016
installatio 3) Aparna. B “Influential Factors
n Affecting Labour Productivity in
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