EXPERIMENT 5

Dissociation Constant of a Weak Acid

Name: ------------------------------------ St. Id.: ------------------------------------

Section: ---------------------------------- Date: -------------------------------------

Objectives
After performing this experiment students will be able to:

• titrating a strong acid with a strong base, weak acid with a strong base, and a polyprotic acid
with a strong base.
• differentiating acid strength by the shape of a titration curve.
• using titration data to determine the concentration of an unknown solution of an acid.
• Calibration of a pH meter for potentiometric titration

Experiment
Determine the dissociation constant of a weak acid by pH method. You are provided with 0.1 N
sodium hydroxide solution.

Theory
One form of the glass electrode consists of a glass tube terminating in a thin walled glass bulb
containing a platinium contact immersed in a buffer solution. Its potential (EG) when immersed in a
buffer solution is dependent on the pH of the same test solution and is given by the equation

EG= constant + RT ln aH+

F

Where aH+ is the activity of the hydrogen ions in the test solution. The precise potential of this
electrode is not of great interest as it includes an asymmetry potential of this electrode is not off great
interest as it includes an asymmetry potential (possibly due to strain at the glass solution interface).
This exists across the membrane even when the two solutions on either side of the membrane have
identical activity values. In practice, however assembly shown below, c onsequently this pH can be
used as an indicator in acid – alkali titrations, there being a relatively large change in pH at the end
point.
 In this experiment the glass electrode is connected in series with saturated dip-type calomel
electrode as shown:

Solution of constant pH | glass membrane| solution of unknown pH |Calomel electrode

The change in pH during the titration of sodium hydroxide with weak acid to determination the
dissociation constant:

b
pH = pKa + log
a - b

When concentration of both base and acid, at equivalent point a = b and at halve equivalent point
b = a/2, (pH)1/2 = pKa from (pH)1/2 calculate Ka value for acid.

Procedure

1. The electrode are washed in distilled water, dried with filter paper and washed again by successive
immersions in the 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution.

2. The electrodes are immersed in 25 ml of sodium hydroxide solution contained in a clean beaker.

3. This solution titrated with the 50 ml of 0.05 M acetic acid and the pH recorded after each addition
of titrate, And stirring of the mixture before taking a pH reading.

4. On completion of the experiment the electrode is washed and immersed in distilled water.
 Calculations

At equivalence point pH = ……….

Since pH = -log Ka

Ka = 1/antilog pH =

Result:-
Exercise

Q.1 Calculate pKa of the given acid in above experiment?

Q.2 What would be pH value if you have 0.1 M acetic acid and 0.05 M sodium acetate?

Q.3 Describe the principle of potentiometric titration.

Q.4 What is the relation among the degree of dissociation (α), ionization constant(Ka) and the
concentration of the solution(C)?