“Towards Global Technological Excellence"

Department of Electrical Engineering

Government College of Engineering,
Amravati
(An Autonomous Institute of Government of Maharashtra)

REPORT ON INDUSTRIAL LECTURE ON

OVERVIEW ON WORKING OF THERMAL POWER STATION

BY Er. PRASHANT GAWANDE (FACULTY AT KTPS)

Submitted by

Mr. Sominath Savalahari Harne

18103003

under the guidance of

Dr. M.V. JAPE

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to extend our sincere thanks to Dr. R. P. Borkar, Principal,

Government College of Engineering, Amravati, for his kind patronage.
I am thankful to Dr.M.V.Jape ma’am, and Dr.Dhomane Sir,HOD of
electrical department for the industrial lecture on Overview on Working of
Thermal Power station.

I would like to express my gratitude to Er. Prashant Gawande for his

guidance on the industrial lecture on working of thermal power station. His
guidance on the topic is most important and much informative. There are a
lot of things that I get to know about by his lecture and it will definitely help
me in my future.
 CONTENT
1. Introduction
2. Coal handling plant
3. Boiler
4. Turbine
5. Electrostatic precipitator
6. Water treatment plant
7. Air Preheater
8. Cooling tower
9. Conclusion
 INTRODUCTION

Thermal energy is the major source of power generation in India. More than 60% of
electric power is produced by steam plants in India. India has large deposit of coal
(about 170 billion tonnes), 5th largest in world. Indian coals are classified as A-G
grade coals.

In Steam power plants, the heat of combustion of fossil fuels is utilized by the boilers
to raise steam at high pressure and temperature. The steam so produced is used in
driving the steam turbines or sometimes steam engines couples to generators and
thus in generating electrical energy. Steam turbines or steam engines used in steam
power plants not only act as prime movers but also as drives for auxiliary equipment,
such as pumps, stokers fans etc. Steam power plants may be installed either to
generate electrical energy only or generate electrical energy along with generation of
steam for industrial purposes such as in paper mills, textile mills, sugar mills and
refineries, chemical works, plastic manufacture, food manufacture etc. The steam
for process purposes is extracted from a certain section of turbine and the remaining
steam is allowed to expand in the turbine. Alternatively the exhaust steam may be
used for process purposes. Thermal stations can be private industrial plants and
centralstation.

Here in this lecture of “Overview on working of thermal power plant” the information
about the whole working of Thermal power plant including Coal handling plant,
Water treatment plant ,Boiler ,Turbine, Generator, Electrostatic precipitator to filter
the gases ,land acquisition ,working of Cooling tower, Electrical supply ,Station
transformer supply, air preheater, heat exchanger, condenser, Ash handling plant is
provided by Er.Prashant Gawande sir very well
 COAL HANDLING PLANT

The coal handling plant is one of the most important section in thermal power
plant, responsible for handling, processing, stacking, loading and unloading of coal
for an approximate generation of 60 MU per day total coal required for the unit 3
180 ton/hr.Coal is different in different region. Coal factor-Quantity of coal required to
make 1kwhr of electricity is 750gm. The coal received is mainly run of mine coal
obtained from the Wardha, Chandrapur, and western coal field. Raw coal from coal
mines comes by railway wagon to coal handling plant.

Coal Handling Plant This section is form by the following measure auxiliaries:

1. Wagon Tippler
2. Apron Feeder
3. In-line Magnetic Separator (ILMS)
4. Conveyor Belt
5. Wobbler Feeder
6. Crushers & Stacker Reclaimer

BOILER
A boiler is a closedvesselin whichfluid(generally water) is heated. The fluid
does not necessarilyboil. The heated or vaporized fluid exits the boiler for use in
various processes or heating applications,The boiler used in PTPS is tangentially
fired steam generating and natural circulation type. The steam generator is radiant
heat, natural circulation, single drum, type designed for 100 percent coal firing which
is the principal of fuel. The complete furnace section is of welded wall type, arranged
as a gas and pressure tight envelope. (Where the re-heater is located) is also
covered with water cooled section. The circulation system is complete with the six
number of unheated down comers, supply and riser piping.

BOILER AUXILIARIES:-

1. Coal Mill
2. Primary Air Fan
3. Induced Fan
4. Forced Draft Fan
5. Furnace
6. Air Heater
7. Boiler Drum
8. Boiler Feed Pump

1. Coal Mill:-Coal mill is use to crush the coal in fine power with the help of iron ball
having 8090 ton.
2. Primary Air Fan:- gun at the start the oil gun are in service with LDO oil and ignite
them through igniter. PA Fan suck the atmospheric air and pass through air pre-
heater and it becomes hot air that hot air is use to remove moisture contain of coal in
coal mill.
3. Forced Draft Fan:- FD Fan suck the atmospheric air and that air convey the
pulverized coal from coal mill to furnace.
4. Induced Draft Fan:- ID Fan is used to maintain negative pressure inside the boiler
and it gives path to the flue gases and passes through chimney to atmosphere.
5. Furnace:- Furnace is use to burn the coal with the flow rate of coal 180 ton/hr. At the
start oil gun are in service with LDO (Light Diesel Oil) and ignite them with igniter.
Then coal mill are in service. And the temperature of the furnace is maintained up to
14000C.
6. Air Heater:-The tri-sector type air heater is use for heating primary air (required for
the pulverizes) and the secondary air with flue gases.
7. Boiler Drum:-Boiler drum is use to store hot DM water from economizer. It separate
out the steam and water. The steam is passes through super heater it becomes dry
saturated steam and water passes through down comers to boiler header.
8. Boiler Feed Pump:- It is nothing but a booster pump. It is use to supply water from
storage tank to boiler drum through economizer. It is the boiler auxiliary in PTPS
which consume 9MW electricity.
 TURBINE
Turbine is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a steam or
fluid flow and converts it into useful work. The work produced by a turbine can be
used for generating electrical power when combined with a generator. A turbine is
a turbo-machine with at least one moving part called a rotor assembly, which is a
shaft or drum with blades attached. Moving steam or fluid acts on the blades so that
they move and impart rotational energy to the rotor.

Superheated steam from the boiler is delivered through 14-16 inch diameter
piping to the high pressure turbine where it falls in pressure to 150 kg/cm 2 and
temperature 5400C.

Turbines

1. High Pressure Turbine:-It is the 25 stages reaction turbine which rotate at steam of
temperature 5400C and pressure of 150 kg/cm2.
2. Intermediate Pressure Turbine:- It is 17 stages turbine which rotate at temperature
of 5400C and pressure of 35 kg/cm2.
3. Low pressure turbine:- It is 8 stages reaction turbine rotate by steam obtained from
exhaust of IP turbine, which rotate at temperature 3300C and pressure 7 kg/cm2.

4. Governing system:- It governs all the parameter of the turbine such as HPT
temperature and pressures, all control valve and stop valve working all other
important parameter of turbine. It

is main auxiliary in turbine house.

5. Valves:-Control valve control the steam going into the turbine and stop valve stop
the steam going into the turbine and any emergency.
6. Condenser:- It condense the steam coming from the LP turbine. This condenser is
of non mixing type, it has tubes in it containing LP turbine discharge steam and cold
soften water is circulated from natural draft cooling tower.
7. Low Pressure Heater:- Condensate water is heated upto same extent in this heater.
Increase temperature up to 1500C.
8. De-aerator:- It is the tank in which all soluble gases are exhausted from heated
water and this water feed to feed storage tank.
9. Feed Storage Tank:- Water from the de aerator is stored in this tank.
10. Condensate Extraction Pump:-The condensate DM water is stored in Hot Well is
pumped to low pressure heater via. Gland steam cooler that is done by CEP.

TURBINE AUXILIARIES:-
1. Vacuum Pump
2. Jacking Oil Pump (JOP)
3. Auxiliary Oil Pump (AOP)
4. Main Oil Pump (MOP)
5. Emergency Oil Pump (EOP)

Jacking Oil Pump:- JOP is use to lift the turbine shaft in barring speed at 100- 110
r.p.m. Auxiliary Oil Pump:- Shaft of the turbine are rotate between 500 to 2800 r.p.m
AOP is in service and JOP is stop.
Main Oil Pump:- When the shaft rotate at 2800 r.p.m then the MOP is in service and
AOP is stop.
Emergency Oil Pump:- The above three oil pump are tripped then the EOP is in
service.
 ELECTROSTATIC PRECEPITATOR

An electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is a filtration device that removes fine particles,

like dust and smoke, from a flowing gas using the force of an inducedelectrostatic
chargeminimally impeding the flow of gases through the unit.

In contrast towet scrubbers, which apply energy directly to the flowing fluid medium,
an ESP applies energy only to the particulate matter being collected and therefore is
very efficient in its consumption of energy (in the form of electricity).

WATER TREATMENT PLANT

WWTPs are a significant point source for AMRDs and antimicrobials. WWTPs are
relatively nutrient-rich, heavily contaminated environments that receive waste from
industries release both solid and liquid by-products that can disseminate AMRDs.
Influent can be contaminated with a variety of pollutants, including antimicrobial
agents, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and heavy metals, which can
accumulate within WWTPs. Many microbial and chemical contaminants in
wastewater cannot be degraded by the treatment process or inactivated through
disinfection of the effluent. For those contaminants that can be degraded, the
resulting metabolites may still have antimicrobial or selective activity. WWTP effluent
and solid waste products not only have a high prevalence of AMRDs but also release
selective agents into the receiving environments .
 AIR PREHEATER

The purpose of the air preheater is to recover the heat from the boilerflue gaswhich
increases the thermal efficiency of the boiler by reducing the useful heat lost in the
flue gas. As a consequence, the flue gases are also conveyed to theflue gas
stack(orchimney) at a lower temperature, allowing simplified design of the
conveyance system and the flue gas stack. It also allows control over the
temperature of gases leaving the stack (to meet emissions regulations, for example).
It is installed between the economizer and chieny.
 COOLING TOWER

Cooling Tower

A cooling tower is a heat rejection device, which extracts waste heat to the
atmosphere though the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature. Common
applications for cooling towers are providing cooled water for electric power
generation. Cooling towers to cool the circulating water used for condenser
cooling.In PTPS natural draft cooling tower is used for extracts waste heat to the
atmosphere though the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature.
 CONCLUSION

In this way I have learnt a lot of things in the industrial lecture about the thermal
power plant which would be very much useful in my future. In this lecture of
“Overview on working of thermal power plant” I have learnt the whole working of
Thermal power plant including Coal handling plant, Water treatment plant ,Boiler
,Turbine, Generator and Excitor, working of Cooling tower, Electrical supply ,Station
transformer supply, Ash handling plant etc .The explanation given by the sir was
very knowledgeable and easy to understand.