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Design of Shafts: ME 423: Machine Design Instructor: Ramesh Singh
Design of Shafts: ME 423: Machine Design Instructor: Ramesh Singh
32Ma 32Mm
σa = K f MEσm423: K f Design
=Machine (7–3)
πd 3 Instructor: Ramesh 3
πdSingh
10
16T 16T
Design Stresses
Combining these stresses in accordance with the distortion energy failure theo
Calculating
von •Mises stresses vonMises Stresses
for rotating round, solid shafts, neglecting axial loads,
n by
!" #2 " #2 $1/2
′ 2 2 1/2 32K f Ma 16K f s Ta
σa = (σa + 3τa ) = 3
+3 3
(7
πd πd
!" #2 " #2 $1/2
′ 2 2 1/2 32K f Mm 16K f s Tm
σm = (σm + 3τm ) = 3
+3 3
(7
πd πd
DE-Gerber
where
Other Criteria
/
A = 4(K f Ma ) 2 + 3(K f s Ta ) 2
/
Shaft Stresses
B = 4(K f Mm ) 2 + 3(K f s Tm ) 2
• ASME Elliptic
DE-ASME Elliptic
DE-ASME Elliptic
$ % &2 % &2 % &2 % &2 '1/2
1 16 K f Ma K f s Ta K f Mm K f s Tm
= 4 +3 +4 +3
n πd 3 Se Se Sy Sy
(7–11)
⎧ $ % ⎫
⎨ 16n &2 % &2 % &2 % &2 '1/2 ⎬ 1/3
K f Ma K f s Ta K f Mm K f s Tm
d= 4 +3 +4 +3
⎩ π Se Se Sy Sy ⎭
(7–12)
• DE Soderberg
DE-Soderberg
DE-Soderberg 0 3
1 16 1 1 21/2 1 1 21/2
= 4(K f Ma )2 + 3(K f s Ta )2 + 4(K f Mm )2 + 3(K f s Tm )2
n πd 3 Se Syt
(7–13)
% 0
16n 1 1 21/2
d= 4(K f Ma )2 + 3(K f s Ta )2
π Se
3&1/3 (7–14)
1 1 2
2
2 1/2
+ 4(K f Mm ) + 3(K f s Tm )
Syt
Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design
ME 423:bending
For a rotating shaft with constant Machineand
Design
torsion, the bending stress is com-
Instructor: Ramesh Singh
pletely reversed and the torsion is steady. Equations (7–7) through (7–14) can be sim-
15
plified by setting Mm and Ta equal to 0, which simply drops out some of the terms.
Rotating Shaft
• For rotating shaft with steady, alternating bending
and torsion
– Bending stress is completely reversed (alternating), since a
stress element on the surface cycles from equal tension to
compression during each rotation
– Torsional stress is steady (constant or static)
– Previous equations simplify with Mm and Ta equal to 0
Transverse Deflections
x
ME 423: Machine Design
Instructor: Ramesh Singh
23
Beam Theory
• m = Mass (kg)
• Nc = critical speed (rev/s )
• g = acceleration due to gravity (m.s-2 )
• O = centroid location
• G = Centre of Gravity location
• L = Length of shaft
• E = Young's Modulus (N/m2)
• I = Second Moment of Area (m4)
• y = deflection from δ with shaft rotation = ω δ static
deflection (m)
• ω = angular velocity of shaft (rads/s)
Critical Speed
3 in the above equation for y results in the following equation
• The critical speed is given by
city with the deflection.
This curve shows the deflection of the shaft (from the static deflection position) at any speed ω in
terms of the critical speed.
ME 423: Machine Design
Instructor: Ramesh Singh
When ω < ωc the deflection y and e have the same sign that is G lies outside of O. When ω26> ωc
then y and e are of opposite signs and G lies between the centre of the rotating shaft and the static
eflection curve. At high speed G will move such that it tends to coincide with the static
eflection curve.
Cantilevered Shaft
ME 423: Machine Design
Instructor: Ramesh Singh
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Cantilevered Shaft
Cantilevered Shaft
Combined loading
Dunkerley’s Method
Combined loading