1 ‫ ﺒﻛﺎﻟورﻴﺎ ﻋﻠوم ﻓﻴزﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬2 ‫ ﺼﻔرو‬-‫ﺜﺎﻨوﻴﺔ ﺒﺌر أﻨزران‬

@ÛÔ�éˇa@Ï@ÛÔ·nÓäbÃÌ›‹a@flaÏ�á‹a
‫ﺒﻨﻌﻤرو‬ ‫ ﺘوﻓﻴق‬:‫ذ‬ 2012 / 2011

1
. x  ln( x) :‫ ﻫﻲ داﻟﺔ اﻟﻠوﻏﺎرﺘم اﻟﻨﺒﻴري‬1 ‫] و اﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﻌدم ﻓﻲ‬0, + ∞ [ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻝ‬x  :‫اﻟداﻟﺔ اﻷﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠداﻟﺔ‬
x

. ]0 , + ∞ [ ‫ﻤﻌرﻓﺔ و ﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ و ﻗﺎﺒﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺸﺘﻘﺎق و ﺘزاﻴدﻴﺔ ﻗطﻌﺎً ﻋﻠﻰ‬

ّ ln ‫اﻟداﻟﺔ‬

 ‫ﻤﻌرﻓﺔ و ﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ و ﻗﺎﺒﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺸﺘﻘﺎق و ﺘزاﻴدﻴﺔ ﻗطﻌﺎً ﻋﻠﻰ‬

ّ e ‫اﻟداﻟﺔ اﻷﺴﻴﺔ‬
x
x  e x :‫] ﻫﻲ اﻟداﻟﺔ اﻷﺴﻴﺔ‬0, + ∞ [ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ln ‫اﻟداﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﻛﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠداﻟﺔ‬

lim e x = +∞ 6
exp lim ln( x) = +∞
x→+ ∞
5 x→+∞
lim e x = 0+ y=x
lim ln( x) = −∞
x→− ∞ 4 x →0 +

ex ln( x)
= +∞
3
= 0+
÷ÄÄÔÄÄ–ÌÄnÄ‹bi

÷ÄÄÔÄÄ–ÌÄnÄ‹bi
lim lim
x→+ ∞ x lnx x→+∞ x
2

0−
lim x ⋅ e x = lim x ⋅ ln( x) = 0−
x →− ∞
1 x →0 +

 lim x ⋅ e =
0 n x  lim x n ⋅ ln( x) = 0−

-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
x →0 +
 x→− ∞ n ∈ * : 
n∈ : -1
ln( x)
ex
 lim n = +∞  xlim = 0+
 x→+ ∞ x
-2
@
 →+∞ x n

ln x = a ⇔ x = e a ln( x) ln(1 + x)
ex −1 =
lim 1= ; lim 1
lim =1 x→1 x − 1 x →0 x
x→ 0 x e=
(ln x )
x , x>0 ln(=
ex ) x , x ∈ 

x∈ , y∈ x>0, y>0 = ln(e) 1= ; ln(1) 0

e1 = e ≈ 2,7182 ; e0 =
1
ln( x × y )= ln( x) + ln( y ) ln( x) > 0 ⇔ x > 1
e( x+ y )
ex ⋅ e y =
x
ln( ) = ln( x) − ln( y ) =
y
− ln( ) ∀x ∈  : e > 0
x
ln( x) = 0 ⇔ x = 1
ex
y
= e( x− y ) y x x > 0 ⇔ e >1
x
ln( x) < 0 ⇔ 0 < x < 1
e
1 ln( x) > 1 ⇔ x > e
1 ln( ) = − ln( x) x =0 ⇔ e x =1
e( − x ) = x x
e x < 0 ⇔ 0 < e <1
x ln( x) =1 ⇔ x =e
∀r ∈  : (e ) =e( r⋅x ) ∀r ∈  : ln( x r ) = r ⋅ ln( x)
*
ln( x) < 1 ⇔ 0 < x < e
* x r

1 a∈ ; b∈
1
( ⋅x ) ln( x )= ⋅ ln( x) a>0 ; b>0
ex = e 2
2 e a = eb ⇔ a = b
1 1 ln( a=) ln(b) ⇔ = a b
n
ex = e
( ⋅x )
n ln( n x )= ⋅ ln( x) e a < eb ⇔ a < b
n ln( a ) < ln(b) ⇔ a < b

a ‫اﻟﻠوﻏﺎرﺘم ﻟﻸﺴﺎس‬
a ‫اﻟداﻟﺔ اﻷﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﺴﺎس‬ x > 0 : (ln x) =
1 ‫ي‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺸر‬ ‫اﻟﻠوﻏﺎرﺘم‬
a > 0 , a ≠1
/

x ln( x)
a > 0 , a ≠1 ∀x > 0 : log( x) = ln( x)
f / ( x) ∀x > 0 : log a ( x) =
f ( x) > 0 : ( ln (f ( x)) ) = ln(10)
/
∀x ∈  : a x =e( x⋅ln a ) f ( x)=
ln( a )
log(1) 0= ; log(10) 1
=
a 0 1=
; a1 a =
log a (1) 0= ; log a (a ) 1
u / ( x) log(0,1) = − 1
u ( x) ≠ 0 : ( ln (| u ( x) |) ) =/
log a (a r ) = r
a x =t ⇔ x =log a (t ) u ( x) log(10 ) = r
r

10 x =t ⇔ x =log(t ) (e ) = e
x / x log a ( x) = b ⇔ x = a b
1 1
(log( x)) /= ⋅ 1 1
(=
a x ) / (ln a ) ⋅ a x (e = ) u ( x) ⋅ e
u( x) / / u( x)
x ln10 (log a ( x)) /= ⋅
x ln a

u / ( x)
c ∈  ‫ ﺤﻴث‬x  ln(| u ( x) |) + c :‫ ﻫﻲ اﻟدواﻝ‬I ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬x  :‫ اﻟدواﻝ اﻷﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠداﻟﺔ‬.‫ وﻻ ﺘﻨﻌدم ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬I ‫ داﻟﺔ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺸﺘﻘﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﺎﻝ‬u
u ( x)