1

Autonomous Drainage Solid-Waste Collector (ADSWC) with Monitoring System:

A Design and Prototype Development

Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
Division of Cavite
Trece Martires City National High School

An Entry to the Division Science and Technology Fair

(Science Investigatory Project)

Jesus Monasterial
Proponent

Alfred William Son T. Sapad

Research Adviser
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Table of Contents

Contents Page

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii

LIST OF FIGURES iv

LIST OF TABLES v

LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS vi

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND 1

A. Introduction 1

B. Statement of the Problem 4

C. Objectives of the Study 5

D. Hypotheses 6

E. Significance of the Study 6

F. Scope and Limitations of the Study 7

G. Definition of Terms 8

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 9

METHODOLOGY 17

A. Collection of Materials 17

B. Drainage Solid-Waste Collector Prototype 17

C. Monitoring System 19

1. NodeMCU ESP8266 ESP-12E 20

2. US-100 Ultrasonic Sensor 20

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D. Relay Module 21

E. Blynk App Configuration 21

F. Programming of the Monitoring System 22

G. Efficiency Testing of the Drainage Solid-Waste Collector 24

H. Accuracy Testing of the US-100 Ultrasonic Sensor 24

I. Run Time Testing 25

J. How the Device Work 26

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 27

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 31

Summary 31

Conclusion 32

Recommendation 32

BIBLIOGRAPHY 34

APPENDICES 37

A. Gantt Chart 38

B. Calendar of Activities 40

C. Experimental Results 43

D. Expenditures 45

E. Photo Documentation 48

F. Source Code 59
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researcher wishes to extend his gratitude to the following people for their never-

ending support and contribution for the success of the study.

Magdaleno R. Lubigan, Ed. D., Principal IV of Trece Martires City National High school

(TMCNHS), for his moral and financial support;

Mr. Alfred William Son T. Sapad, Mrs. April B. Flores, Mrs. Claire P. Rosarda and Mr.

John Harvie E. Romeroso, his research advisers, for their undying support and guidance as well as

their valuable suggestions and comments;

The researcher’s families and friends for their unending inspiration, unconditional support

and financial assistance;

And above all, the researcher was immensely grateful to Almighty God, who gives

strength, knowledge and wisdom, guidance, hope and blessing to the researcher throughout the

completion of the study.

Jesus Monasterial
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LIST OF FIGURES

Figures Page

Figure 1 Proposed Design 18

Figure 2 Actual Prototype 18

Figure 3 Connections of DC- Motor 19

Figure 4 Monitoring System Connections 19

Figure 5 Protective box housing the electronics 19

Figure 6 NodeMCU ESP8266 ESP-12e and its Connections 20

Figure 7 US-100 Connections with the NodeMCU ESP8266 ESP-12E 21

Figure 8 Blynk App Configuration 22

Figure 9 Program Code for the Monitoring System 23

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LIST OF TABLES

Tables Page

Table 1 Efficiency (%) of the Drainage System Solid-Waste Collector 27

in different common solid waste in drainage

Table 2 Accuracy (%) of the US-100 Ultrasonic Sensor in measuring 28

garbage level in the waste compartment

Table 3 Run time of the DC motor with load and when stalled 29

Table 4 Run time of the monitoring system and its components 30

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LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS

Photographs Page

Photograph 1 Materials Used 48

Photograph 2 Building the Drainage Solid-Waste Collector 49

Photograph 3 Frame with Rollers, Non-Slip Mat, DC motor and Coupler 50

Photograph 4 Creating the Monitoring System’s Hardware 51

Photograph 5 Programming the NodeMCU ESP-12E 52

Photograph 6 Protective Box Housing the Monitoring System 52

Photograph 7 Pre-Testing of the system 53

Photograph 8 Efficiency Testing of the Drainage Cleaner on Plastic Bottle 54

Photograph 9 Efficiency Testing of the Drainage Cleaner on Wood 54

Photograph 10 Efficiency Testing of the Drainage Cleaner on Plastic Cup 55

Photograph 11 Efficiency Testing of the Drainage Cleaner on Styrofoam 55

Photograph 12 Efficiency Testing of the Drainage Cleaner on Facemask 56

Photograph 13 Efficiency Testing of the Drainage Cleaner on Plastic Bag 56

Photograph 14 Accuracy Testing of US-100 57

Photograph 15 Actual Prototype 58

Photograph 16 Run Time Test of the DC motor and Monitoring System 58

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Chapter I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

The Philippines is one of the most natural hazard-prone countries in the world. Typhoons,

floods, and other weather-related phenomenon can cause suffering on local populations in the

country and make life-threatening conditions for the poor. Philippines being an archipelago

surrounded by bodies of water, increases the potentials of storm formation that brings heavy

rains and eventually lead to flash floods. Flood as one of the major concerns and it is been a

problem for years has no definite solution yet. In the Philippines, clogged drains or gutters is the

main culprit of flooding. The cause of flood does not primarily rely on poor drainage system,

rather it is the poor discipline and the improper garbage disposal of the people. Rene Crisostomo

of the Hagonoy Risk Reduction and Management Office stated that the rising garbage problem

and careless dumping of trash by humans are the main cause of floods.1 Small and cramped areas

like Metro Manila, have a hard time following the schedule for trash collection especially to

those who are working. Thus, it leads to improper garbage disposal and eventually these trashes

will be washed away by rains. These trashes will then be piled up and clog the drainage systems

thereby causing flood.2 Since poorer areas of cities, municipalities, and rural barangays are

typically unserved or under-served, their uncollected waste ends up mostly in rivers and esteros

1. Bea Llagas, “The cause of flood is not poor drainage system, it’s poor discipline,” Nolisoli, June 27,
2017, https://nolisoli.ph/16585/cause-flood-not-poor-drainage-system-poor-discipline/.

2. Andreas Klippe, “The cause of flood is not poor drainage system,” Flood Control Asia, February 14,
2018, https://floodcontrol.asia/cause-of-floods-is-not-poor-drainage/.
 2

polluting major water bodies and clogging the drainage systems, which results to flood during

heavy rains.3

Drainage systems are created to let wastewater flow from households quickly. However,

with waste acting as barrier to its flow, the speed of flowing water is reduced and in serious

cases, these wastes block the water from running. When this happens, water will rise from the

bottom of the drainage, and since water is unable to flow, it will be accumulated from the

clogged part of the drainage system, causing the water to constantly rise until the drainage can no

longer hold it. This situation can be observed in the community of barangay Lalayat, San Jose,

Batangas. According to the researchers, there are litters in the drainage system of the community,

some of it were already floating in the stagnant water, which means that the water is no longer

flowing. Mendoza in 2018, the secretary of the barangay, stated that the situation worsens

whenever it rains. Torrential rains that last for about 3-4 hours results in intense flooding that

reach a depth of about 0.5 meters.4 These instances mirror the poor drainage system in the

country and poor discipline of the people.

After China and Indonesia, the Philippines ranked third as the world's biggest polluter5

despite the implementation of the waste management act 18 years ago. There are many reasons

why Philippines resulted in this kind of situation. The addiction of Filipinos to single-use plastic

3. Senate Economic Planning Office, Philippine Solid Wastes At A

Glance, Philippines: Senate of the Philippines,
http://legacy.senate.gov.ph/publications/SEPO/AAG_Philippine%20Solid%20Wastes_Nov2017.pdf.

4. Darrius Libao, John Ocampo, Allan Sayat, Issha Bersabal, Jewel Burog, Christine Esplanada, George
Ginday, and Maria Manalaysay, “A Study on the Impact of Littering to Flooding in Barangay Lalayat, San Jose,
Batangas,” (Senior High School Research Paper, De La Salle Lipa, 2018), 2-3.
5. Hannah Alcoseba Fernandez, “Why plastic-clogged Philippines must face up to dearth of waste disposal
and recycling,” Eco-Business, June 10, 2020, https://www.eco-business.com/news/why-plastic-clogged-philippines-
must-face-up-to-dearth-of-waste-disposal-and-
recycling/#:~:text=After%20China%20and%20Indonesia%2C%20the,plastic%20waste%.
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sachets contributes to the large scale of waste in the country. This causes masses of plastic trash

swirling in waterways, garbage clogging drainage canals and huge stinking dump sites which are

among the most visible manifestations of the waste crisis in the Philippines.6

Back in January 16, 2017, flash floods happened that submerged Cagayan de Oro. The

local authorities said that aside from the excessive rains and shanties that stood in waterways,

garbage that clogs drainage systems contributed to this disaster.7 While in 2019, MMDA stated

that the improper waste disposal resulted in the clogging of drainage which lead to severe

flooding in Metro Manila and delay the flood pumping operations.8 And last October 16, 2020,

garbage that clogged drainage systems and shanties built in waterways all contributed to the flash

floods that submerged parts of Cebu city and killed at least two persons wherein 140 tons of

solid-waste have been collected.9

Cleaning of drains or gutters is being done by some local government units. But due to

this pandemic, it is not safe for the laborers to clean gutters and drains since there is a high risk

of exposure from infections or poisoning. Large amounts of waste or chemicals coming from

drainage contain facemasks and other personal protective equipment that can be harmful to their

health. 10 Another method of cleaning drains is hydro jetting which is the most followed method

6. Alixandra Vila, “Philippines plastic pollution: why so much waste ends up in Oceans,” South China
Morning Post, October 18, 2018, https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/health/article/2168819/philippines-plastic-
pollution-why-so-much-waste-ends-oceans.

7. Bobby Lagsa, “Too much rain, garbage, clogged waterways caused Cagayan de Oro flood,” Rappler,
January 18, 2017, https://www.rappler.com/nation/causes-cagayan-de-oro-floods.

8. Marje Pelayo, “Clogged drainage systems delay flood pumping operations — MMDA” UNTV, June 25,
2019, https://www.untvweb.com/news/clogged-drainage-systems-delay-flood-pumping-operations-mmda/.

9. Ador Vincent Mayol, “Cebu City floods blamed on trash, clogged waterways,” Inquirer, October 16,
2020, https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1348485/cebu-city-floods-blamed-on-trash-clogged-waterways.

10. NevonProjects, “Automated Drain/Gutter Cleaner Project,” Last modified 2019,

https://nevonprojects.com/automated-draingutter-cleaner-project/.
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of cleaning drains in foreign countries wherein a group of three or four professionals uses a high-

pressured water pump and a special nozzle at valve of a hose to unblock the clog, but the only

problem is, this method requires a large amount of water and huge trucks to carry the water and

all other equipment which cost more than any cleaning methods.11

With the problems mentioned associated with the waste clogging drainage systems, this

study aimed to create a prototype of an ADSWC with monitoring system that consist of Metal

frame, DC motor, US-100 ultrasonic sensor, relay module and microcontroller. This device can

collect trash in the drainage system to prevent waste from clogging that causes floods and can

also reduce the risk of the laborers from being exposed to numerous bacteria and viruses.

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to create a prototype of an ADSWC that allows fluid to flow, catches

solid wastes and accumulate it with a built-in monitoring system for the garbage level.

Specifically, it sought answers to the following questions:

1. What is the efficiency of the drainage solid-waste collector in collecting:

a. Plastic bottle

b. Plastic bag

c. Plastic cup

d. Styrofoam

e. Wood

f. Facemask

11. Kanagala Veerendra Kumar, Bulla Pavan, Janamala Naga Malleswararao , and Chilukoti Bhanu Teja,
“AUTOMATIC DRAINAGE CLEANER,” International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 7 3
( March 2020): 4151, https://www.irjet.net/archives/V7/i3/IRJET-V7I3828.pdf
 5

2. What is the accuracy of the US-100 ultrasonic sensor in measuring garbage level in

the waste compartment in:

a. Empty status

b. Half-full status

c. Full status

3. How long will the DC motor and monitoring system last before recharging?

4. Does the ADSWC with monitoring system has a possibility to reduce the exposure of

laborers cleaning drainage systems to wastes?

Objectives of the Study

The study focused on creating an autonomous drainage waste collector that can collect

garbage in drainages with a built-in monitoring system to measure garbage level. Specifically, it

aimed to:

1. Determine the efficiency of the metal teeth-based jaws in collecting:

a. Plastic bottle

b. Plastic bag

c. Plastic cup

d. Styrofoam

e. Wood

f. Facemask

2. Measure the accuracy of the ultrasonic sensor in measuring garbage level in the waste

compartment in:

a. Empty status

b. Half-full status
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c. Full status

3. Find out the running time of DC motor and monitoring system before recharging; and

4. Evaluate the possibility of the ADSWC with monitoring system to reduce the

exposure of laborers cleaning drainage systems to wastes.

Hypotheses

1. H1: The ADSWC will not be efficient in collecting common drainage system garbage.

H0: The monitoring system will not be accurate in giving data about garbage level in

the waste compartment.

2. H1: The ADSWC will be efficient in collecting common drainage system garbage.

H0: The monitoring system will be accurate in giving data about garbage level in the

waste compartment.

Significance of the Study

This study creates a prototype of an autonomous drainage solid-waste collector with a

monitoring system that is efficient in collecting garbage clogging drainage systems. The

following are the beneficiaries of the study:

Community. Community will benefit from this study especially those who live near

drainage systems which are prone to flood since this autonomous drainage cleaner can collect

trash that clogged drainages preventing or reducing floods to occur.

Laborers. Laborers who clean up drainage systems like plumbers are also beneficiaries

of this study because the ADSWC with monitoring system can reduce their exposure to the

garbage coming from drainages preventing them from high risk of catching infections or

poisoning due to large amounts of waste or chemicals.

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Environment. This ADSWC can collect waste in drainages and prevents it from flowing

that end up polluting major bodies of water like rivers and ocean.

Future Researchers. This study provides information about creating an automated

drainage cleaner and garbage level monitoring system which can be used by other researchers

who also wishes to create similar device. Recommendations are also provided for the

improvement of this study.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

This study focused on creating a prototype of an ADSWC with a monitoring system and

test its efficiency in collecting trash and accuracy of the US-100 ultrasonic sensor in giving data

about garbage level accumulated. Different kind of plastics such as plastic bottles, plastic bags,

and plastic cups, and Styrofoam, wood, and unused facemasks were placed in a drainage

simulation set-up to perform the efficiency test of the drainage cleaner. The accuracy of the US-

100 ultrasonic sensor in measuring the garbage level in the waste compartment was tested,

replicated and calculated. The running time of the prototype was tested and calculated using the

rated battery capacity and power consumption of the components. This prototype design is only

applicable to common drainage solid-wastes and residential storm drainage systems. The study

was conducted at home of the researcher from the month of October to December 2020.
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Definition of terms

ADSWC is the prototype design being developed and tested in this study

DC motor is the device used in this study to rotate the chain and lift up the metal teeth-

based jaw.

Collecting jaw is the metal connected to the chain that is used in this study to collect

solid waste.

NodeMCU ESP8266 ESP-12e is the Wi-Fi module and microcontroller used in this study

to control the ultrasonic, read its data and send it via Wi-Fi connection to a smartphone.

Relay module is the electromagnetic switch used in this study to turn on and off the DC-

motor automatically.

US-100 Ultrasonic sensor is a sensor used in this study to measure the garbage level in

the waste compartment.

Blynk is the IOT (Internet of Things) platform used in the study to store the data and

display it via Blynk app.

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Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the information collected from local and foreign literature concerning

the garbage problem in the Philippines and how it can clog drainage systems resulting in number

of floods. Literatures that helped the researcher conceptualized the study and the background of

existing models of a drainage cleaner and garbage bin monitoring system is also presented and

supported with available studies which served as the framework of the researcher in designing

the research project.

Conceptual Literatures

NodeMCU: A perfect Board for IOT

The foremost way to develop quickly an IoT project with less Integrated circuits to add is

the use of NodeMCU boards. NodeMCU is an open-source firmware and development kit that

plays a vital role in designing a proper IoT product using a few script lines. The module is

mainly based on ESP8266 which is a low-cost Wi-Fi microchip incorporating both a full TCP/IP

stack and microcontroller capability. It is manufactured by Espressif Systems. The ESP8266

NodeMCU is a complex device, which combines some features of the ordinary Arduino board

with the function to connect to the internet. Arduino modules and microcontrollers have always

been a substantial choice to incorporate automation into the relevant project. But these modules

come with a little drawback as they don’t feature a built-in Wi-Fi capability.12

12. Ali Al Dahuod and Mohamed Fezari, NodeMCU V3 For Fast IoT Application Development (Jordan:
AI-Zaytoonah University Amman, 2018), 1,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328265730_NodeMCU_V3_For_Fast_IoT_Application_Development.
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US-100 Ultrasonic Sensor

US-100 ultrasonic sensor module is a convenient way for measuring distances from

objects. This module has lots of applications such as parking sensors, obstacle and terrain

monitoring systems, industrial distance measurements and so on. It has a stable performance and

high accuracy ranging from 2cm to 450cm. The module sends an ultrasonic signal, eight pulses

of 40kHz square wave from the transmitter; the echo is then picked up by the receiver and

outputs a waveform with a time period proportional to the distance. The connected

microcontroller accepts the signal and performs necessary processing.13

The US-100 ultrasonic sensor requires a voltage of 3V to 5V and draws 15mA of current

in normal function and 2mA during silent mode. It has an effective measuring angle of 15° and

an accuracy of 0.1mm.14

5V Single-Channel Relay Module

Relay is an electromechanical device that uses an electric current to open or close the

contacts of a switch. It incorporates components that make switching and connection easier and

act as indicators to show if the module is powered and if the relay is active or not. It requires

supply voltage of 3.75V to 6V and consume power of about 2mA in quiescent mode and 70mA

when active. On the other side of the relay, it can handle a maximum voltage of 250VAC or

13. Tinkbox, “US-100 ULTRASONIC SENSOR MODULE,” n.d.,

http://tinkbox.ph/sites/tinkbox.ph/files/downloads/US_100_ULTRASONIC_SENSOR_MODULE.pdf.

14. Zhmud, Kondratiev, Kuznetsov, Trubin, and Dimitrov, “Application of ultrasonic sensor for measuring

distances in robotics,” Journal of Physics, Conf. Series 1015 (2018): 8, doi :10.1088/1742-6596/1015/3/032189.
 11

30VDC and maximum current of 10mA.15 Relays consist of three pins, normally open pin,

normally closed pin, common pin and coil. When coil is powered on, magnetic field is generated

and the contacts connect to each other.16

Blynk as an IoT Platform

Blynk is the most user-friendly IoT platform which consist of an app builder that is

compatible on android and iPhone devices, server which sets the communications between

mobile device running in the Blynk app and the hardware and a set of libraries to create IoT

applications in a short period of time with the available hardware platform. It allows users to

build interfaces by simply dragging and dropping widgets to control and monitor hardware

projects from any phone devices. Blynk supports hardware such as Arduino, Raspberry Pi,

NodeMCU and similar microcontroller boards and different connections like ethernet, Wi-Fi,

Bluetooth, Cellular and Serial.17

Blynk Application Builder

The Blynk app builder provides users an uncomplicated way to create IoT apps that can

be run on mobile devices. It imparts predefined set of widgets that can be easily dragged and

dropped, and it allows to make further configurations on these widgets with an easy-to-use user

interface.18

15. Components101, “5V Single-Channel Relay Module.” Last modified December 21, 2020,
https://components101.com/switches/5v-single-channel-relay-module-pinout-features-applications-working-
datasheet.

16. Future Electronic Corporation, “RELAY MODULES,” n.d.,

https://curtocircuito.com.br/datasheet/modulo/rele-1canal.pdf.

17. Pradeeka Seneviratne, Hands-On Internet of Things with Blynk (UK: Packt Publishing Ltd., 2018), 6-9,
https://books.google.com.ph/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ZHteDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Blynk&ots=K0W7ga
QnjT&sig=f4QAEA8EHOADlXhBcM_oySHJO-s&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Blynk&f=false.
18. Pradeeka Seneviratne, Hands-On Internet of Things with Blynk, 10.
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Background to the problem

Flood Crisis in the Philippines

Flash floods and landslides that happened in Philippines have caused many fatalities

such as loss of livelihoods, destroyed infrastructures, damaged natural resources and displaced

several communities.19

In the case of Manila, even its location is below sea level, it still does not clear up the high

floodwaters that is happening here. It is put out that the drainage system was not primarily the

cause of the flood but rather the undisciplined garbage disposal of the residents.20

Cities in Asia particularly those in southern Asian regions, are the most vulnerable to

flood‐related disasters. These areas are the most populated, with their slum population

comprising 43% of the city population, and being the most likely to get hit by typhoons and

cyclones in the world. The most concerning examples of flood‐related disasters in the past in the

regions are Cyclones that hit Bangladesh and Myanmar and the Typhoon Fengshen in the

Philippines. Additionally, statistics revealed that over 45% of water‐related disaster fatalities and

90% of affected people since 1980–2006 are from Asia, and the damage to property is severely
increasing.21

19. Edgardo Ollet, “Flashflood and Landslide Disasters in the Philippines: Reducing Vulnerability
and Improving Community Resilience.” (Master’s thesis, The University of Newcastle,
Australia, 2008), xxx.

20. Klippe, “The cause of flood is not poor drainage system.”

21. Hoyois, Below, Scheuren and Guha‐Sapir, Annual disaster statistical review. Numbers and Trends
2006, (Brussels, Belgium: CRED, 2007); Adikari and Yoshitani, Global trend in water‐related disasters – an insight
for policymakers. (Paris, France: UNWWAP Side Publication Series, 2009).
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Solid-Waste Problem in the Philippines

Waste production in the Philippines has stepped up at a fast pace because of rapid

economic and population growth and has contributed to environmental degradation. Despite the

passage of RA 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, only about 21%

and 4% of the Local Government Units (LGUs) in the country are being serviced by municipal

recovery facilities and sanitary landfills, respectively.22

Metro Manila produces about 7000 metric tons of solid waste every day, with a daily

waste production of 0.66 kg per capita per day. Only 85% of these wastes are collected so the

uncollected garbage is usually abandoned on the streets or thrown in waterways creating health

problems, aesthetic problems, and add to the worsening pollution problem. In addition, the

severe problem of flooding in Metro Manila is most likely caused by clogged drains, insufficient

inland drainage, and blocked waterways.23 In spite of the environmental regulations that ensures

the quality of streams, lakes, and wetlands, solid waste in the form of trash, litter, and garbage

often ends up in these surface waters but it collects in low-lying areas so anything that is dropped

into a watershed can eventually reach a drainage way.24

22. Alicia Castillo and Suehiro Otoma, “Status of Solid Waste Management in the Philippines,” Japan
Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management, FA-8: 677-678, https://doi.org/10.14912/jsmcwm.24.0_677

23. Eileen Bernardo, “Solid-Waste Management Practices of Households in Manila, Philippines,” Isabela
State University,420, DOI: 10.1196/annals.1454.016

24. Cindy Clendenon and Elliot Richmond, “Pollution of Streams by Garbage and Trash.” Water

Encyclopedia, Last Modified 2020, http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Oc-Po/Pollution-of-Streams-by-Garbage-

and-
Trash.html#:~:text=In%20urban%20areas%2C%20trash%20and,are%20transported%20by%20stormwater%20runo
ff.&text=The%20most%20common%20litter%20in,bottles%2C%20and%20other%20plastic%20containers.
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Drainage Systems Dilemma and its Impact

Drainage systems are made to keep the wastewater flowing from households rapidly, but

with the presence of trash, they act as a barrier and block its flow. In serious occurrences, it does

not only decelerate the flow of water but it also stops it from flowing. This causes water rising

from the bottom of the drainage and unable to flow to its end destination. As the water cumulate

from the clogged part of the drainage system, it continually rises until the drainage system cannot

not hold the water; thereby, causing flood in the community.25

Residents carelessly dumped their trash wherever they think it is convenient and

sometimes some unscrupulous individuals intentionally clog the drainage system so the public

will be forced to ride on their makeshift rafts and charged inordinately. Another corrupt practice

is scavengers who collects the garbage for a fee and then toss on the side of the bridge with a

thought that no one will see them. Eventually the rains will wash away those trash to the sewer

system and will pile up and clog the passageway wherein the water will fill up the drainage and

spill over the streets causing floods.26

A report from Manila Development Authority (MMDA), cited by Alejandre,

revealed that 757 truckloads of trash and silt, or about 5,250 cubic meters, were taken out from

different waterways from March 1 to May 17, 2017. The country generates 40,087 tons of trash

daily, 9,213 tons of which comes from Metro Manila’s 17 local government units based on the

estimates of the National Solid Waste Management Commission. Discarded plastic bags,

packaging items, diapers, clothes, slippers and other waste materials create difficulties in the

25. Libao et. al., “A Study on the Impact of Littering to Flooding in Barangay Lalayat, San Jose,
Batangas,” 2-3.

26. Klippe, “The cause of flood is not poor drainage system.”

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efficient operation of MMDA’s pumping stations, which pump floodwaters from the esteros

since flood pumping stations cannot mitigate flood events if these are blocked with trash.27

To give instances of drainage problem impacts in the Philippines, on January 16, 2017,

flash floods submerged Cagayan de Oro in which garbage that clogged drainage systems

contributed aside from the excessive rains and shanties that stood in waterways as stated by the

local authorities.28 Whereas in 2019, the improper waste disposal resulted in the clogging of

drainage was blamed by the MMDA to the severe flooding that happened in Metro Manila and

delay the flood pumping operations.29 And lastly, on October 16, 2020, flash floods submerged

parts of Cebu city and killed at least two persons in which garbage that clogged drainage systems

and shanties built in waterways again contributed to this disaster wherein 140 tons of solid waste

have been collected.30

Related Studies

Existing Drainage Cleaner

Nevon Projects created a drain cleaning mechanism to tackle drain clogging issues. Their

system lets fluids flow through it but catches large solid waste like bottles & plastic and

accumulates it. So, laborers that clean drainage systems needed only to operate the machine

installed at points instead of cleaning the entire drain floors. It consists of metal teeth-based jaws

that wait at the bottom of the mechanism which is mounted in a frame to hold the system. The

mechanism is consists of a filter basket on top of it and after particular time intervals the jaw lifts

up using a motorized shaft which is connected using a chain to the jaws then reaches the top and

27. Pathricia Ann Roxas, “Floods made worse by garbage—EcoWaste,” Inquirer, July 29, 2017,
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/918666/floods-made-worse-by-garbage-ecowaste.

28. Lagsa, “Too much rain, garbage, clogged waterways caused Cagayan de Oro flood.”
29. Pelayo, “Clogged drainage systems delay flood pumping operations — MMDA.”
30. Mayol, “Cebu City floods blamed on trash, clogged waterways.”
 16

turns upside down to drop the solid waste into the filter basket. After dropping the waste, the

motor rotates again to bring the jaw again to the bottom position to collect more waste. This

system is very efficient way to clean drainage and also requires very low power.31

Garbage Monitoring System

Arul Anitha, and Arockiam created a smart dustbin, the dustbins are monitored

periodically. First, the connectivity is checked and the problems are rectified. The dustbins are

attached with HC04 ultrasonic sensor which is used to indicate the garbage level in the dustbin.

When the garbage level exceeds the threshold, the ultrasonic sensor will send an alert to the

block in-charge along with the bin-id and once the message is received, automatically a message

is sent to the mobile of personnel who is responsible for emptying the dustbin. The system will

monitor the current status and wait about thirty minutes and if the dust bin is emptied during the

waiting period, the warning message is sent to the corresponding block in-charge and also the

administrator to take immediate action.32

31. NevonProjects, “Automated Drain/Gutter Cleaner Project.”

32. Arul Anitha and Arockiam , “Promoting a Clean and Hygienic Environment using IoT,” International
Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 8, 5 (2020), 4723-4724, DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.E6893.018520.
 17

Chapter III
METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the materials and equipment used in the prototype making,

programming and testing. For the prototype making, the steps in Automated Drain/Gutter

Cleaner Project was used with few modifications.33Promoting a Clean and Hygienic

Environment using IoT was adapted for the Monitoring system.34

Collection of Materials

NodeMCU ESP-12E, breadboard and jumper wires were ordered from Makerlab while

geared DC motor, US-100 ultrasonic sensor, switch, charging module, relay module and coupler

were bought from Cuircuitrocks. The non-slip mat was ordered form zheeu.ph. Metal pipes,

metal rod, and the batteries (5000mAh and 2600mAh) were scraps from the house of the

researcher.

Drainage Solid-Waste Collector Prototype

Metal pipes was cut into six pieces; two 11 inches, two 46 inches with two 2 inches holes

each at the top and two 30 inches PVC pipe. The metal pipes were assembled to create the frame.

Metal rod was inserted into the two PVC pipes and each was attached at the top and bottom of

the frame to act as the roller. The DC motor was then connected at one end of the pipe roller at

the top of frame using coupler. Non-slip mat was wrapped around the two metal pipe rollers to

create a conveyor belt mechanism. The collecting jaws were attached to the conveyor belt and

33. NevonProjects, “Automated Drain/Gutter Cleaner Project.”

34. Anitha and Arockiam, “Promoting a Clean and Hygienic Environment using IoT,” 4723-4724.
 18

the waste compartment at the back of the frame. The 5000mAh battery or the power supply with

switch was attached to the DC motor.

Figure 1: Proposed Design

Figure 2: Actual Prototype

 19

500mAh

Figure 3: Connections of DC- Motor

Monitoring System

The NodeMCU ESP-12E, US-100 ultrasonic sensor, charging module and the 4300mAh

battery with switch were connected to each other using jumper wires and then placed in the

protective box. The protective box housing the NodeMCU ESP-12e and the battery was fastened

to the side of the waste compartment while the Ultrasonic sensor was placed at the top of waste

compartment.
4300mAh

Figure 4: Monitoring System Connections Figure 5: Protective box housing the electronics
 20

NodeMCU ESP8266 ESP-12E

NodeMCU ESP-12E is the Wi-Fi development board of the ADSWC. It was

programmed to read the distances measured by the ultrasonic sensor and send it to the Blynk

server. The pins used in this module were D1, D2, VU, and G. Pins D1 and D2. These were used

to communicate with the US-100 ultrasonic sensor while the VU and G function to supply

power.
4300mAh

Figure 6: NodeMCU ESP8266 ESP-12e and its Connections

US-100 Ultrasonic Sensor

US-100 Ultrasonic sensor is the distance sensor used. It was programmed to send out

ultrasound, received the echo and accurately measure distance. Considering the travel time or the

duration and the speed of the sound, the distance was calculated continuously. The US-100

ultrasonic sensor was configured using pins GNDs, VCC, TRIG, and ECHO. The VCC and

GNDs were connected to the VU and G pins to received power while TRIG and ECHO pins

were connected to the pins D1 and D2 of the NodeMCU ESP-12E.

 21

Figure 7: US-100 Connections with the NodeMCU ESP8266 ESP-12E

Relay Module

5V single channel relay module is the switch operated by electromagnet. It is used to

automatically turn on and off the DC motor. The relay module was configured to the NodeMCU

ESP-12E using the pins VCC, IN, and GND and connected to the DC motor using the terminals

NC (Normally Closed) and C (Closed). The VCC and GND pin were connected to the 3V pin

and G pin of NodeMCU ESP-12E respectively to receive power while the NC and C terminals of

the relay module were connected to the negative terminal of the DC motor and the battery. It was

programmed to switch to NO (Normally Opened) terminal to turn off the DC motor when the

garbage level in the waste compartment is greater than or equal to 18 cm and continue to

function when the garbage level is less than 18 cm.

Blynk App Configuration

Blynk is the server and app used to display, store data, and able to receive notifications.

In the app, LCD, Level V, Notification and Email, widgets were added. The LCD widget was

programmed in the Arduino IDE to display the distance value of the ultrasonic sensor. It was
 22

measured in centimeters while the Level V widget was programmed to animate the value

vertically. The notification and email widgets were programmed to send notifications and email

to a smartphone.

Figure 8: Blynk App Configuration

Programming of the Monitoring System

The NodeMCU ESP8266 ESP-12E was programmed using the Arduino Software (IDE).

A code was uploaded from the computer to the NodeMCU ESP8266 ESP-12E with the

instructions: Send ultrasonic sound waves and receive the echo. Using the duration of sound

travel back and forth, compute the distance using the formula duration/2 × c s in air, calculate for

the garbage level in cm by subtracting the distance of the ultrasonic sensor from the waste

compartment; 38 cm in this study, with the distance measured, send the data to the Blynk server

and display to Blynk app continuously. If the garbage level reached the critical level which is 18
 23

cm in this study, request NodeMCU ESP8266 ESP-12e to switch the relay to NO terminal to turn

off the DC motor, send the data to the Blynk server to send notification to the Blynk app and

email the email address provided.

 24

Figure 9: Program Code for the Monitoring System

Efficiency Testing of the Drainage Solid-Waste Collector

An inflatable pool was used as a drainage simulation set-up. Different kinds of plastics

such as plastic sachet, plastic bottle, plastic bag, plastic cup, and other common drainage solid

wastes like styrofoam, wood, and unused facemasks were placed in the drainage simulation set-

up to perform the efficiency test of the drainage cleaner. The efficiency of the drainage solid

waste collector for every type of waste was calculated using the formula:

𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑊𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑠

𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = × 100
𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑊𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑅𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑

Accuracy Testing of the US-100 Ultrasonic Sensor

The accuracy of the ultrasonic sensor in measuring the garbage level in the waste

compartment was tested and calculated. The garbage level was measured in the waste

compartment with three different levels; first is empty or 0cm, second is half or 10cm and third is

full or 18cm. The process was replicated five times in each level and the data was recorded. The

accuracy was calculated using the formula:

 25

𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝐺𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐿𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙

𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑦 = 𝑋100
𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐺𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐿𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙

Run Time Test

To find out if the device can reduce the exposure of laborers to drainage waste, the

approximate run time of the DC motor and the monitoring system before recharging was

determined by measuring the current consumption of the components. Analog multimeter was

used to measure the current consumption of the DC motor and the monitoring system. The

analog meter was set to measure DC current in milliampere. For the DC motor, the negative

terminal of the battery and DC motor were connected while the positive terminals were left

disconnected for the testing. The positive probe of the analog multimeter was connected to the

positive terminal of the battery while the the negative probe was connected to positive terminal

of the DC motor. The current consumption of the DC motor when a load is connected and is

stalled was measured. For the monitoring system, the same process was done with NodeMCU

ESP-12E and US-100. The current consumption of the DC motor and each component of the

monitoring system was recorded and calculated. To get the approximate calculations on how

long the device would last in a single charge, the formula below was used:

𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑚𝐴ℎ)

𝑅𝑢𝑛 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒(ℎ) =
𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑚𝐴)

Wherein the unit of measure used for running time is hour, battery capacity is

milliampere hour, and current consumption is milliampere. The total run time was also calculated

by adding the operating time of DC motor and the monitoring system.

 26

How the Device Works

Start
A

Turn on the
monitoring system Connect to the Wi-Fi

A using the NodeMCU ESP-12E

Connect the negative terminals

of the DC motor to the NC and C
terminals of the relay Connect to the Blynk Server

The drainage solid-waste Measure the garbage level using

collector is on the US-100 ultrasonic sensor
continuously

Display the data to the Blynk App

Is the
garbage level No
≥ 18cm?

Yes

Send notification to the Blynk app

and email to the email address
provided

Switch the Relay state from NC to

NO to turn off the DC motor

End
 27

Chapter IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This section deals with the presentation, interpretation and analysis of data concerning

the efficiency of ADSWC, accuracy of the monitoring system and running time of the whole

system.

Efficiency of Drainage Solid-Waste Collector

As shown in Table 1, the ADSWC showed similar results for plastic bottle, plastic bag,

plastic cup, Styrofoam and wood. Collecting these wastes obtained with no error at 100%

efficiency. However, one specific type of solid-waste; facemask dropped the performance of the

ADSWC at 60%. This is due to the weight of facemask and strings attached to it that often stick

to the collecting jaw. It was not able to be placed in the waste compartment. In general, the

ADSWC exhibited a maximum efficiency of 94.29%.

Table 1. Efficiency (%) of the ADSWC in different common solid waste in drainage

Solid-Waste Efficiency in %

Plastic Bottle 100

Plastic Bag 100

Plastic Cup 100

Styrofoam 100

Wood 100

Facemask 60

Total Efficiency 94.29

 28

Accuracy of the Ultrasonic Sensor on Measuring Garbage Level

It can be seen in Table 2 that the US-100 ultrasonic sensor showed a significantly high

accuracy in measuring garbage level. With the empty status (0cm), the US-100 measured an

accurate measurement of 0cm consistently in five trials thus having an accuracy of 100% which

is the highest compared to the half-full (9cm) and full (18cm) status. Upon measuring the half-

full status of the waste compartment, the US-100 calculated five measurements of 9cm, 8cm,

8cm, 9cm, and 9cm having an average of 8.6cm which obtained an accuracy of 95.55%. The last

one measured was the full status wherein the US-100 showed 97.78% accuracy which calculated

18cm, 18cm, 18cm, 17cm, and 17cm in the five replications exhibiting an average measurement

of 17.6cm. US-100 ultrasonic sensor in total got an average accuracy of 97.93%. It also showed a

small error in measurements of 0cm in empty status, ±0.4cm both in half-full and full status with

an average error of ±0.27cm.

Table 2. Accuracy (%) of the US-100 ultrasonic sensor in measuring garbage level in the waste

compartment

Waste Measured Actual Garbage

Compartment Garbage Level Level Accuracy (%) Error (cm)

Status (cm) (cm)

Empty 0 0 100 0

Half-Full 8.6 9 95.55 ±0.4

Full 17.6 18 97.78 ±0.4

Average 97.93 ±0.27

 29

Run Time of DC Motor and Monitoring System

Table 3 revealed that the 3V to 5V DC motor with the conveyor and collecting jaws

powered by a 5000mAh battery draws about 65mA and can last approximately 76.92 hours in

single charge but when stalled or overloaded, it draws almost four times greater with current

consumption of 300mA that significantly dropped the run time by approximately 16.67 hours.

This is because when the DC motor is running, it also act as a generator, creating an

electromotive force or EMF which oppose the applied EMF and reduce the overall current so

when stalled, counter EMF no longer exist and the resistance goes down which is inversely

proportional to current according to the Ohm’s law that result in increase in current consumption.

Table 3. Run time of the DC motor with load and when stalled

Battery Capacity Current Consumption

DC motor status Run Time (h)
(mAh) (mA)

With load 5000 65 76.92

Stalled 5000 300 16.67

On the other hand, table 4 showed that the monitoring system that is powered by a

4300mAh battery was found out to draw about 45mA in total; sum of the current consumption of

NodeMCU ESP-12E, US-100, and relay module that draw 34mA, 10mA and 1mA respectively,

and can function for approximately 95.56 hours.

 30

Table 4. Run time of the monitoring system and its components

Monitoring System Battery Capacity Current Consumption
Run Time (h)
Component (mAh) (mA)

NodeMCU ESP-12E 4300 34 126.47

US-100 4300 10 430

Relay 4300 1 4300

Total 4300 45 95.56

Overall, the total run time of the ADSWC with monitoring system (sum of run time of

DC motor and monitoring system divided by 2) is 86.24 hours considering that the load of the

DC motor is not greater than the motor shaft torque and the monitoring system is continuously

transmitting data, proving that it can function for almost three days without laborers who are

physically present to operate the device. These results can vary depending on other factors

affecting run time of a device such as temperature, battery quality, component’s power

requirements and nominal voltage of the battery which are not tested in this study.
 31

Chapter V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary

The study was performed at the home of the researcher in Trece Martires City Cavite

from October to December 2020. The study was conducted to create a prototype of ADSWC

with monitoring system. The efficiency of the drainage solid-waste collector, accuracy of

ultrasonic sensor in measuring garbage level and the running time of the system were tested and

calculated.

Results showed that the ADSWC obtained 100% of efficiency in collecting plastic bottle,

plastic bag, plastic cup, Styrofoam and wood while a lower efficiency was obtained in collecting

facemask having only 60% with a maximum efficiency of 94.29%. Meanwhile, the US-100

ultrasonic sensor showed a significantly high accuracy in measuring garbage level having 100%

in empty status, 95.55% in half-full, and 97.78% in full status obtaining an average accuracy of

97.93%. The ultrasonic sensor also showed a relatively small error in measurements with only

±0cm in empty status and ±0.4cm both in half-full and full status with an average error of

±0.27cm. The run time test of the whole system revealed that it can function for 86.24 hours

before recharging considering some factors such as load and data transmission. The 3V to 5V DC

motor can function for 76.92 hours with the conveyor belt and collecting jaws as loads while the

monitoring system consist of NodeMCU ESP-12E, US-100 and relay can last 95.56 hours in a

single charge during continuous data transmission.

 32

Conclusion

Based from the results of the experimentation, it is therefore concluded that the ADSWC

is efficient in collecting common drainage solid-waste. The solid-waste collector obtained 100%

of efficiency in collecting different plastics and 60% in collecting facemask with an overall

efficiency of 94.29%. The US-100 also showed a significant result in measuring garbage level in

the waste compartment exhibiting high average accuracy of 97.93%. The DC motor and the

monitoring system revealed a long run time based on the result of the run time test. The DC

motor and the monitoring system can last for 76.92 hours and 95.56 hours respectively before

recharging proving that the ADSWC with monitoring system can reduce the exposure of the

laborers cleaning gutters or drainage to waste.

From these findings, it is concluded that the ADSWC with monitoring system is efficient

in collecting common drainage solid-waste, accurate in giving data about the level of garbage

accumulated, and can possibly replace other existing drainage system cleaning methods like

manual scavenging and hydro-jetting.

Recommendations

For future studies, the researcher recommends to add solar panel to the system to remove

the process of recharging and to use DC motor that has a greater torque to lift heavier solid-waste.

The researcher also recommends to use more powerful board like NodeMCU 32 to be able to

utilize the temperature sensing capability of the US-100 for more precise measurements. It is also

recommended to add GSM connectivity to the monitoring system to be able to work without Wi-

Fi via cellular connection. Future design of the system can also include camera module to be able
 33

to request a photo or real-time video of the waste compartment for better monitoring. And lastly is

recommended to create a more realistic drainage simulation set up for the efficiency test.
 34

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 35

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 37

APPENDICES
 38

Appendix A
Gantt chart
Title: Autonomous Drainage Solid-Waste Collector (ADSWC) with Monitoring System:

A Design and Prototype Development

Proponents: Jesus P. Monasterial

Approved by: Alfred William Son T. Sapad

Act

Sept
Aug

Nov

Dec
Jun

Oct
Jul

H
 39

Activities:

A. Formulation of Research Problem

B. Researching Data

C. Title Defense

D. Formulation of Research Plan

E. Writing of Research Proposal

F. Preparation for the Experimentation

G. Conduct of Experimentation

H. Editing of the Final Paper

 40

Appendix B

Calendar of Activities

Title: Autonomous Drainage Solid-Waste Collector with Monitoring System

Proponent: Jesus P. Monasterial

Month Activities People Involved Remarks

 Formulation of  Researcher Accomplished

Research  Research
June
Problem Adviser
2020
 Formulation of

Research Plan

 Formulation of  Researcher Accomplished

Research  Research
July
Problem Adviser
2020
 Formulation of

Research Plan

 Researching  Researcher Accomplished

Data  Researcher
August
 Title Defense adviser
2020
 Formulation of

Research Plan
 41

 Researching  Researcher Accomplished

Data  Research

 Title Defense Adviser

September
 Writing of
2020
Research

Proposal

 Researching  Researcher Accomplished

Data  Research
October
 Preparation for adviser
2020
the

Experimentation

 Researching  Researcher Accomplished

Data  Research

 Preparation for adviser

November
the  Adult
2020
Experimentation supervisor

 Conduct of

Experimentation

 Researching  Researcher Accomplished

December Data  Research

2020  Conduct of adviser

Experimentation
 42

 Editing of the  Adult

Final Paper superviser

Prepared by:

Jesus P. Monasterial

Student Researcher

Noted:

Alfred William Son T. Sapad

Research Adviser
 43

Appendix C

Experimental Results

Number of Number of Waste

Solid-Waste Efficiency in %
Collected Waste Released
Plastic Sachet 5 5 100

Plastic Bottle 5 5 100

Plastic Bag 5 5 100

Plastic Cup 5 5 100

Styrofoam 5 5 100

Wood 5 5 100

Facemask 3 5 60

Overall Efficiency 94.29

Waste Measured Actual Garbage

Compartment Garbage Level Level Accuracy (%) Error (cm)

Status (cm) (cm)

Empty 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 0 100 0

Half-Full 9, 8, 8, 9, 9 9 95.55 ±0.4

Full 18, 18, 18, 17, 18 97.78 ±0.4

17

Average 97.93 ±0.27

Battery Capacity Power Consumption

Device Run Time (h)
(mAh) (mA)
 44

DC Motor 5000mAh 65mA 76.92

Monitoring System 4300mAh 34 mA, 10mA, 1mA 95.56

Total 86.24
 45

Appendix D

Expenditures
46
 47

DC motor
Php 169.00
US-100 Ultrasonic Sensor
Php 369.00
Breadboard (Half sized)
Php 49.00.
Jumper wires
Php 130.00
NodeMCU ESP8266 ESP-12E
Php 160.00
Coupler
Php55.00
Charging Module
Php 35.00
Switch
Php 49.00
Relay
Php 65.00
Electronic Enclosure
Php 149.00
5V DC-DC Booster
Php 55.00
Non-Slip Mat
Php 148.00
Breadboard Power Supply Module
Php 59.00
Shipping fee
Php 260.00
Total- Php 1752.00
 48

Appendix E

Photo Documentation

Photograph 1. Materials Used

Photo taken by: Jesus P. Monasterial

 49

Photograph 2. Building the Drainage Solid-Waste Collector

Photo taken by: Maria Cristina P. Monasterial

 50

Photograph 3. Frame with Rollers, Non-Slip Mat, DC motor and Coupler

Photo taken by: Jesus P. Monasterial

 51

Photograph 4. Creating the Monitoring System’s Hardware

Photo taken by: Maria Cristina P. Monasterial

 52

Photograph 5. Programming the NodeMCU ESP-12E

Photo taken by: Maria Cristina P. Monasterial

Photograph 6. Protective Box Housing the Monitoring System

Photo taken by: Jesus P. Monasterial

 53

Photograph 7. Pre-Testing of the system

Photo taken by: Jesus P. Monasterial

 54

Photograph 8. Efficiency Testing of the Drainage Cleaner on Plastic Bottle

Photo taken by: Alfred William Son T. Sapad

Photograph 9. Efficiency Testing of the Drainage Cleaner on Wood

Photo taken by: Alfred William Son T. Sapad

 55

Photograph 10. Efficiency Testing of the Drainage Cleaner on Plastic Cup

Photo taken by: Alfred William Son T. Sapad

Photograph 11. Efficiency Testing of the Drainage Cleaner on Styrofoam

Photo taken by: Alfred William Son T. Sapad

 56

Photograph 12. Efficiency Testing of the Drainage Cleaner on Facemask

Photo taken by: Alfred William Son T. Sapad

Photograph 13. Efficiency Testing of the Drainage Cleaner on Plastic Bag

Photo taken by: Alfred William Son T. Sapad

 57

Photograph 14. Accuracy Testing of US-100

Photo taken by: Maria Cristina P. Monasterial

 58

Photograph 15. Actual Prototype

Photo taken by: Jesus P. Monasterial

Photograph 16. Run Time Test of the DC motor and Monitoring System

Photo taken by: Maria Cristina P. Monasterial

 59

Appendix F

Source Code

[code]

#define BLYNK_PRINT Serial

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>

#include <BlynkSimpleEsp8266.h>

const int RELAY = D3;

const int TRIGGER = D1;

const int ECHO = D2;

long distance, duration, level;

char auth[] = "Auth Token From Blynk";

char ssid[] = "Wi-Fi SSID";

char pass[] = "Wi-Fi Password";

WidgetLCD lcd(V1);

void setup() {

Serial.begin(9600);
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pinMode(TRIGGER, OUTPUT);

pinMode(ECHO, INPUT);

pinMode(RELAY, OUTPUT);

digitalWrite(RELAY, HIGH);

Blynk.begin(auth, ssid, pass);

lcd.print(0,0, "Garbage Level in cm");

void loop() {

lcd.clear();

lcd.print(0,0, "Garbage Level");

digitalWrite(TRIGGER, LOW);

delayMicroseconds(2);

digitalWrite(TRIGGER, HIGH);

delayMicroseconds(10);

digitalWrite(TRIGGER, LOW);

duration = pulseIn(ECHO, HIGH);

distance = (duration / 29 / 2);

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level = 38 - distance;

lcd.print(1,1, level);

Blynk.virtualWrite(V1, level);

if (level >= 18) {

delay(100);

Blynk.notify("Calibrating false alarm...PLEASE WAIT");

delay(1000);

if (level >= 18 ) {

digitalWrite(RELAY, LOW);

Blynk.notify("Waste compartment is full please empty!");

Blynk.email("Email Address", "MONITORING SYSTEM", "Waste compartment is full

please empty!");

if (level < 18) {

delay(100);

digitalWrite(RELAY, HIGH);
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Blynk.run();

[/code]