‫ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ‬

‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ‪1388‬‬
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‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫د��ﻮرا��ﻤﻞ و را��ﻤﺎی �ر�ﯽ �� �ﻞ �ی �ﻮﺑﺎ�ﻞ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ‪ :‬ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ)ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ(‬

‫ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ)ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ( ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺸﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭼﺮﺧﻬﺎﻱ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺮﻭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺘﺮ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ ASME B30.5‬ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ‬

‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -1‬ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻴﻮﻥ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ -‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺑﻮﻡ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮﭘﻲ‬
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‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫د��ﻮرا��ﻤﻞ و را��ﻤﺎی �ر�ﯽ �� �ﻞ �ی �ﻮﺑﺎ�ﻞ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -2‬ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻴﻮﻥ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ -‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺑﻮﻡ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ) ﻏﻴﺮﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮﭘﻲ(‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -3‬ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﭼﺮﺥ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮ ‪ -‬ﺑﻮﻡ ﺧﺸﻚ‬

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‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫د��ﻮرا��ﻤﻞ و را��ﻤﺎی �ر�ﯽ �� �ﻞ �ی �ﻮﺑﺎ�ﻞ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -4‬ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﭼﺮﺥ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮ‪ -‬ﺑﻮﻡ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮﭘﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -5‬ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻟﻮﻛﻮﻣﻮﺗﻴﻮ‬

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‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫د��ﻮرا��ﻤﻞ و را��ﻤﺎی �ر�ﯽ �� �ﻞ �ی �ﻮﺑﺎ�ﻞ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -6‬ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻴﻮﻥ ﭼﺮﺧﺪﺍﺭ‪ -‬ﺑﻮﻡ ﺧﺸﻚ‬

‫)ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻛﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ -‬ﻛﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﻣﻴﻮﻥ(‬

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‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫د��ﻮرا��ﻤﻞ و را��ﻤﺎی �ر�ﯽ �� �ﻞ �ی �ﻮﺑﺎ�ﻞ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -7‬ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻴﻮﻥ ﭼﺮﺧﺪﺍﺭ‪ -‬ﺑﻮﻡ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮﭘﻲ‬

‫)ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻛﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ -‬ﻛﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﻣﻴﻮﻥ(‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -8‬ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻴﻮﻥ ﭼﺮﺧﺪﺍﺭ‪ -‬ﺑﻮﻡ ﺧﺸﻚ‬

‫)ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ(‬

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‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫د��ﻮرا��ﻤﻞ و را��ﻤﺎی �ر�ﯽ �� �ﻞ �ی �ﻮﺑﺎ�ﻞ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -9‬ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻴﻮﻥ ﭼﺮﺧﺪﺍﺭ‪ -‬ﺑﻮﻡ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮﭘﻲ‬

‫)ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ(‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -10‬ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻴﻮﻥ ﭼﺮﺧﺪﺍﺭ‪ -‬ﺑﻮﻡ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮﭘﻲ‬

‫)ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ(‬

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‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫د��ﻮرا��ﻤﻞ و را��ﻤﺎی �ر�ﯽ �� �ﻞ �ی �ﻮﺑﺎ�ﻞ‬

‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻴﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﻳﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -2‬ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮﭘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﻡ ﺧﺸﻚ‪ ،‬ﻛﻔﻴﺪﺍﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺧﺰﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫� ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬‫‪F1‬‬ ‫* ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎﻱ�ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻭﺏ‬
‫‪F0‬‬

‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫* ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ� ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﻭ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻋﻴﻮﺏ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻴﻮﺏ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﻳﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻨﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪F2‬‬

‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ� ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺘﺮﻱ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﻧﺘﺎژ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ‬ ‫‪F3‬‬

‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫* ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻨﺂﻻﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻱ ﻃﺒﻘﻬﺒﻨﺪﻱ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫* ﺍﮔﺮ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻧﻮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ)ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﻧﮕﺮﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﻧﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫* ﺩﺭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﻧﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺯﻧﮕﺮﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫* ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﭼﺸﻤﻲ‬

‫�‬
‫‪Periodic‬‬
‫�‬ ‫(‪Frequent‬‬
‫�‬
‫‪Inspection‬‬
‫‪� Examination‬‬
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‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫د��ﻮرا��ﻤﻞ و را��ﻤﺎی �ر�ﯽ �� �ﻞ �ی �ﻮﺑﺎ�ﻞ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺟﺰﺍء ﺳﺎﺯﻩ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺨﺮﺏ) ‪(NDT‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺟﻮﺵ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺟﺰﺍء ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺑﺎﺭ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﻙ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺳﻮﺍﺑﻖ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺟﺰﺍء)ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ(‬

‫‪ -3‬ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺟﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻬﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﺮﻭﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﻦ ﺫﻳﺮﺑﻂ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻓﻨﻲ‬

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‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫د��ﻮرا��ﻤﻞ و را��ﻤﺎی �ر�ﯽ �� �ﻞ �ی �ﻮﺑﺎ�ﻞ‬

‫‪ -‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻜﻨﺪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ ASME‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎﻱ ‪ OSHA‬ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻴﭙﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -4‬ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺱ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ)ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ(‬

‫‪ -‬ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺭﺍ ﮔﺬﺭﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ‪ 3‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺟﺴﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗﻮﻩ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻳﻲ )‪ (10/10‬ﻭ ﺷﻨﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻋﻴﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺫﺍﺗﺎً ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﺴﻠﻂ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻱ ﻭ ﻋﻼﻳﻢ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺱ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺳﻠﻴﻘﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﺨﻄﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -5‬ﭼﻚ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﭼﻚ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫* ﻣﺪﻝ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫* ﻧﻮﻉ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ‬
‫* ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﺳﺮﻳﺎﻝ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ * ﺳﺎﻝ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪:‬‬
‫* ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ‪ * :‬ﻧﺎﻡ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ‪:‬‬
‫* ﺁﻳﺎ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ؟‬
‫* ﺁﻳﺎ ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﺭﺍ ﮔﺬﺭﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ؟‬
‫* ﺁﻳﺎ ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ؟‬

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‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫د��ﻮرا��ﻤﻞ و را��ﻤﺎی �ر�ﯽ �� �ﻞ �ی �ﻮﺑﺎ�ﻞ‬

‫‪ -6‬ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺟﺰﺍء ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ‬

‫* ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻫﻮﻙ)ﻗﻼﺏ(‬
‫ﻫﻮﻙ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﺟﺰء ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻮﻙ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻗﻼﺏ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺣﺎﺩﺛﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻮﻙ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﻮﻙ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ %15‬ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻭ ﻫﻮﻙ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺩﻫﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﻭ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻗﻼﺏ ﻭ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻗﻼﺏ ﺣﻚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪11‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻗﻼﺏ ﻧﻴﺰ ‪ %10‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -11‬ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻗﻼﺏ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﻗﻼﺏ‬
‫ﺷﻴﻄﺎﻧﻚ ﻗﻼﺏ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻗﻼﺏ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺒﻨﺪﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﻼﺏ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻗﻼﺏ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫* ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ‬

‫ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺟﺰء ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﭘﺎﺭﮔﻲ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ﻭ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫د��ﻮرا��ﻤﻞ و را��ﻤﺎی �ر�ﯽ �� �ﻞ �ی �ﻮﺑﺎ�ﻞ‬

‫ﻫﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻟﻬﻴﺪﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺧﺘﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻗﻄﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻫﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺩﻭ‬
‫ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻓﻚ ﻛﻮﻟﻴﺲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﻡ ﻭ ﺳﺮ ﺑﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ‪-‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻗﻼﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻮﻡ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺩﻭ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﻡ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -12‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﻡ ﻭ ﺳﺮ ﺑﻮﻡ‬

‫* ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﻗﺮﻫﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻗﺮﻗﺮﻫﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺟﺰء ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ﻭ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻗﺮﻗﺮﻫﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻗﻼﺏ ﻭ ﺳﺮ ﺑﻮﻡ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﻮﻡ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻗﺮﻗﺮﻩ ﻛﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ ﻟﺬﺍ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻗﺮﻗﺮﻩ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪10‬‬
 ‫��‬
‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫د��ﻮرا��ﻤﻞ و را��ﻤﺎی �ر�ﯽ �� �ﻞ �ی �ﻮﺑﺎ�ﻞ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﻗﺮﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﺭ � ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ‪ D‬ﺑﻪ ‪ d‬ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ‪ 16‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪F4‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﻗﺮﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﻭﻱ ﻛﻤﻜﻲ � ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ‪ D‬ﺑﻪ ‪ d‬ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ‪ 18‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪F5‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﻗﺮﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻱ ﺑﻮﻡ �)( ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ‪ D‬ﺑﻪ ‪ d‬ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ‪ 15‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪F6‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻗﺮﻗﺮﻫﻬﺎ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ﻭ‬
‫ﻗﺮﻗﺮﻫﻬﺎ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -13‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﺮﻗﺮﻩ‬

‫‪ (Anti two Block‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻫﻤﻪ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺿﺪ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ)‬
‫ﻗﻼﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮ ﺑﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻫﻢ ﻗﺮﻗﺮﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﺮ ﺑﻮﻡ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﻗﺮﻗﺮﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻗﻼﺏ‬
‫ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﺩﻓﺮﻣﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﻟﻬﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‬

‫�‬
‫‪Load Block‬‬
‫�‬
‫‪Jib‬‬
‫�‬
‫‪Luffing‬‬
‫‪11‬‬
 ‫��‬
‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫د��ﻮرا��ﻤﻞ و را��ﻤﺎی �ر�ﯽ �� �ﻞ �ی �ﻮﺑﺎ�ﻞ‬

‫�‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -14‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺿﺪ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫‪F7‬‬

‫*‪ -‬ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺑﻮﻡ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮﭘﻲ‬

‫ﺑﻮﻡ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮﭘﻲ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﭼﺮﺥ ﺩﻧﺪﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﻮﻡ ﻧﻴﺰ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻟﻬﻴﺪﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺑﻮﻡ )ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻠﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ( ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪،‬ﻛﺸﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻮﻡ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﻜﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻚ ﺑﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺯﺩﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﻟﻬﻴﺪﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻧﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻧﮓ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﻮﻡ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺯﻧﮕﺰﺩﮔﻲ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫�‬
‫‪Anti two Block‬‬

‫‪12‬‬
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‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫د��ﻮرا��ﻤﻞ و را��ﻤﺎی �ر�ﯽ �� �ﻞ �ی �ﻮﺑﺎ�ﻞ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -15‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺑﻮﻡ‬

‫* ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺑﻮﻡ ﻣﺸﺒﻚ)ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﻮﻡ ﺧﺸﻚ(‬

‫ﺑﻮﻡ ﻣﺸﺒﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻮﻡ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﭼﺮﺧﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ )ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺟﻮﺵ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﻦ( ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺸﺒﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺮﭘﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺯﻧﮕﺰﺩﮔﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻧﮕﺮﺩﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪ Boom Stop‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺑﻮﻡ ﻧﻴﺰ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -15‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪Boom Stop‬‬

‫ﻳﺎ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﻡ‬

‫‪13‬‬
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‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫د��ﻮرا��ﻤﻞ و را��ﻤﺎی �ر�ﯽ �� �ﻞ �ی �ﻮﺑﺎ�ﻞ‬

‫* ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﻡ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺍﻡ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﻡ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﻡ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻴﺰ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ﻭ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺩﻳﺪﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺩﺭﺍﻡ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺻﺪﺍ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻗﻄﺮ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﻡ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ‪ 18‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﻡ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ‪ mm13‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﮔﻴﺮﺑﻜﺲ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺻﺪﺍﻱ ﻧﺎﻫﻨﺠﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻤﻦ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -16‬ﺩﺭﺍﻡ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻭ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﺎﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ‬

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‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫د��ﻮرا��ﻤﻞ و را��ﻤﺎی �ر�ﯽ �� �ﻞ �ی �ﻮﺑﺎ�ﻞ‬

‫* ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻛﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ‬

‫ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻭ ﻛﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺻﻨﺪﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‪ ،‬ﮔﻴﺠﻬﺎﻱ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻫﺸﺪﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﺸﻬﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﺸﻬﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻓﭙﺎﻛﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻼچ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻣﺰ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﺟﺰﺍء‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻛﭙﺴﻮﻝ ‪ CO2‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﻲ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺮﺑﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻫﺮﻣﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫* ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻚ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ‬

‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻚ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺷﻴﻠﻨﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻚ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﭽﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺟﻜﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻚ ﻭ ﺟﻜﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺩﻟﻜﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻋﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫* ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺟﻜﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺩﻟﻜﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ‬

‫ﺟﻜﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﻠﻮ‪ ،‬ﻋﻘﺐ‪ ،‬ﺟﻚ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻛﺎﺑﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ‪ ،‬ﻟﻬﻴﺪﮔﻲ‪،‬ﻭﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻔﺸﻜﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﻜﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻜﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻔﺸﻜﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻛﻤﻜﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫د��ﻮرا��ﻤﻞ و را��ﻤﺎی �ر�ﯽ �� �ﻞ �ی �ﻮﺑﺎ�ﻞ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -17‬ﺟﻜﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺩﻟﻜﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ‬

‫* ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺗﺎﻳﺮﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺗﺎﻳﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ ﭼﺮﺧﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﭘﺎﺭﮔﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻋﺎﺝ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺪﻫﺂﻝ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭ ﺭﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻤﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -18‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺗﺎﻳﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎ ﺍﻳﻤﻦ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ‬

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‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫د��ﻮرا��ﻤﻞ و را��ﻤﺎی �ر�ﯽ �� �ﻞ �ی �ﻮﺑﺎ�ﻞ‬

‫* ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﻱ‬

‫ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﭼﺮﺥ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﻟﻬﻴﺪﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻤﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺟﻜﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻚ ﺑﺎﺯﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -19‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﻩ‬

‫* ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺟﺰﺍء ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻜﺮﺩﻥ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺟﺰﺍء ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺣﺎﺩﺛﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﺮﺍﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻚ ﻭ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﭼﺮﺍﻏﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﻘﺐ ﻭ ﺟﻠﻮ‪ ،‬ﭼﺮﺍﻏﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﻭ ﻫﺸﺪﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺭﻧﮓ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﮔﺰﻭﺯ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮﺑﻜﺴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻼچ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻣﺰ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﺸﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﻭ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﭽﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻨﻲ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻛﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﻇﻒ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬

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‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫د��ﻮرا��ﻤﻞ و را��ﻤﺎی �ر�ﯽ �� �ﻞ �ی �ﻮﺑﺎ�ﻞ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺟﺰﺍء ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﺭﺍ ﭼﻚ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﻤﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺐ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺣﺘﻤﺎً ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻜﻤﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻋﻼﻣﺘﺪﻫﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫* ﺗﺴﺖ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺗﺴﺖ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﺴﺖ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺧﺮﻳﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫‪ -‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﻴﻨﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺴﺖ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺗﺴﺖ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺴﺖ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﺴﺖ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺗﺴﺖ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫*ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﺴﺖ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﺴﺖ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻭ ﺩﻛﻞ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ � ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ‪ %115‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪F8‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺧﻤﻴﺪﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺰﺍء ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎ ﻭ ﭘﻴﻨﻬﺎﺩﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺮﻫﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫�‬
‫‪Structural integrity test‬‬
‫‪18‬‬
 ‫��‬
‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫د��ﻮرا��ﻤﻞ و را��ﻤﺎی �ر�ﯽ �� �ﻞ �ی �ﻮﺑﺎ�ﻞ‬

‫��‬
‫‪F9‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺗﺴﺖ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﻴﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‪A‬‬

‫‪Rating load= Tipping load * A%‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭﺍژﮔﻮﻧﻲ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﺩﺭ ‪ Tipping load‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺍژﮔﻮﻧﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ‪Rating‬‬
‫‪ Max load‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪ 65‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 85‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻭﺍژﮔﻮﻧﻲ ‪ Tipping load‬ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺪﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﺪﻫﺪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‬

‫��‬
‫‪Stability test‬‬
‫‪19‬‬
 ‫��‬
‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫د��ﻮرا��ﻤﻞ و را��ﻤﺎی �ر�ﯽ �� �ﻞ �ی �ﻮﺑﺎ�ﻞ‬

‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ ﻛﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ)ﺑﻴﻦ ‪1/2‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ( 1/5‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻭﺟﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ‪ Overload‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪1/0.65 = 1.5‬‬
‫‪1/0.85= 1.2‬‬
‫* ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ DIN‬ﺳﺨﺘﻴﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺴﺖ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻴﺒﺮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫‪-‬ﺗﺴﺖ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ‪) :‬ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ‪ +‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ( ‪110%‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺗﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﺑﻮﻡ ‪ )+ %10‬ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ‪ +‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ( ‪125%‬‬
‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺸﻮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ‪ -1‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﻗﻼﺏ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﺭﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 1m‬ﺧﻴﺰ �� ﭘﻴﺪﺍ‬
‫‪F10‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ‪ -2‬ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻠﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻮﻡ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺗﺴﺖ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻴﻜﻨﻨﺪ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻫﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﻱ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺭ�� ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪F1‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺗﺮﻣﺰ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ ﺣﺪ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺻﻼﺣﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ‪ SWL‬ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺟﻜﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻚ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﻜﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻚ‬
‫�� ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫�� ﻭ ﺟﻜﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺩﻟﻜﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ‬ ‫‪F12‬‬ ‫ﺟﻚ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﻡ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻧﺸﺖ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻚ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫��‬
‫‪Deflection‬‬
‫��‬
‫‪Load adjuster‬‬
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‫‪Luffing‬‬
‫��‬
‫‪Outriggers‬‬
‫‪20‬‬
 ‫��‬
‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫د��ﻮرا��ﻤﻞ و را��ﻤﺎی �ر�ﯽ �� �ﻞ �ی �ﻮﺑﺎ�ﻞ‬

‫‪ -‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ��ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 5‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 10‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‬
‫‪F14‬‬

‫ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺟﻚ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻑ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﺴﺖ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻭﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ �� ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻧﻮﺍﺭ ﺧﻄﺮ‬
‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺱ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻴﭻ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻼً ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
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‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﮔﻮﺍﻫﻴﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪F16‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺭﺑﻨﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﮔﻮﺍﻫﻴﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺴﺖ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮ ﺑﻮﻡ�� ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ)ﺷﻌﺎﻉ‬ ‫‪F17‬‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭ( ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺑﻮﻡ ﺗﺎ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺴﺖ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﺩﺍﺗﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮﻙ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﻗﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﻡ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺖ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺧﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﺭ �� ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬‫‪F18‬‬

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‫‪F19‬‬ ‫* ﺗﺴﺖ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ ASME B 30.5‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ)‪ (AS‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺗﺴﺖ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻨﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﺎﺭﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻤﺘﻨﻊ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺱ ﻣﺤﻮﻝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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‫‪Holding check value‬‬
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‫‪sweep area‬‬
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‫‪Rigging‬‬
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‫‪Boom Hoist‬‬
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‫‪Load Hoist‬‬
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‫‪Over load test‬‬
‫‪21‬‬
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‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫د��ﻮرا��ﻤﻞ و را��ﻤﺎی �ر�ﯽ �� �ﻞ �ی �ﻮﺑﺎ�ﻞ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً‬
‫ﺗﺴﺖ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﻮﻡ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ �� ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫‪F20‬‬

‫ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺸﻮﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﻧﺮﺳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﺎ ‪ %110‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﺴﺖ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ)ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ(‬

‫‪Max Angle‬‬
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‫‪22‬‬
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‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫د��ﻮرا��ﻤﻞ و را��ﻤﺎی �ر�ﯽ �� �ﻞ �ی �ﻮﺑﺎ�ﻞ‬

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