Professional Documents
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Internship Report
Submitted to:
Submitted by:
Abdul Moiz Hassan, B.E. Electronics
Syed Waqas Ul Haque, B.E. Electronics
Hunain Shuja, B.E. Electronics
HUNAIN SHUJA and ABDUL MOIZ HASSAN under the direction of their advisor’s and in
charge, has been presented to and accepted by Pakistan International Airline, in partial fulfillment of the
___________________
(In charge)
_________________________
(Co-In charge)
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Contents
CERTIFICATE .......................................................................................................................................... 2
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................... 4
WEEK 1: ....................................................................................................................................................... 6
WEEK 2 ........................................................................................................................................................ 8
BATTERY .................................................................................................................................................... 8
INSTRUEMENT SHOP................................................................................................................................... 10
AUTOPILOT.................................................................................................................................................. 10
Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................... 14
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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INTRODUCTION OF PIA
Pakistan International Airlines commonly known as PIA THE
airline which is the national flag carrier of Pakistan. The airline was founded on 23
October 1946 as Orient Airways, prior to the Partition of India. The airline was
nationalized on 10 January 1955 and was renamed as Pakistan International
Airlines. It is Pakistan's largest airline with an in-service fleet of almost 40 aircraft
INTERNSHIP AT PIA
The journey of our internship started on the very first day we were
given the security pass to enter in the engineering section. PIA has the workshops in
many fields of engineering but as an electronics-engineering student we were initially
sent to the avionics section of pia engineering department. That includes base station
and engineering sections.
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WEEK 1:
BASE MAINTAINANCE
Imagine three lines running through an airplane and intersecting at right angles at
the airplane’s center of gravity.
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MAINTAINING CONTROL
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WEEK 2
LINE MAINTAINANCE
ELECTRICAL DEPART
BATTERY SHOP
BATTERY
A container consisting of one or more cells, in which chemical energy
is converted into electricity and used as a source of power.
TYPES OF BATTERY
1. Alkaline Batteries
2. Lead-Acid Batteries
3. Sealed Lead Acid Battery
In pia we have lead acid and alkaline battery shops. But most frequently
used battery in Aircrafts are Alkaline Battery Due to its Efficiency and
long life time.
ACID VS. ALKALINE BATTERY:
Batteries are often classified by the type of electrolyte used in their construction.
There are three common classifications; acid, mildly acid, and alkaline.
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KEYS
Ni-Cd battery
20 cells make one battery. Each cells are of 1.2v and are connected in series
Output is 28v DC.
In aircraft battery is charge by constant voltage. But in shops its charge by
constant current.
Sensors are attached near battery to note down its temperature.
Battery is placed at tale of aircraft.
IN line maintenance all the shops have different power supply units.
A 115VAC 400HZ supply is available at shops.
A 220VAC 50HZ supply is available at shops.
A 110VAC 60HZ supply is available at shops.
A 28VDC supply is available at shops.
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INSTRUEMENT SHOP
AUTOPILOT
An autopilot is a device used to guide an aircraft without direct assistance from the
pilot. Early autopilots were only able to maintain a constant heading and altitude, but
modern autopilots are capable of controlling every part of the flight envelope from just
after take-off to landing. Modern autopilots are normally integrated with the flight
management system (FMS) and, when fitted, the auto throttle system. The autopilot
systems that control pitch, yaw, and roll are just components of a greater suite of tools
used to automate flight.
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RADIO SHOP
COMMUNICATION IN AIRCRAFT:
HF COMMUNICATION:
It is used for long distant communication. It uses sky
wave propagation. The power requirement of HF transceivers is (100-200) but 120 is
recommended. Aircraft long range communication uses the HF band between 3 MHz
and 30 MHz to talk with another aircraft.
VHF COMMUNICATION:
It is used for communication up to 150 miles. It is
mostly used at the time of Take-off and landing. The power requirement of VHF
transceivers is (18-28) but 22 watts is recommended. Aircraft short range
communication uses the VHF band between 118 MHz and 136 MHz to talk with air
traffic control
WEATHER RADAR
A weather radar, is a type of radar used to locate
precipitation, calculate its motion, estimate its type (rain, snow, hail, etc.), and forecast
its future position and intensity.
Modern weather radars are capable of detecting the motion of rain droplets in addition
to intensity of the precipitation. Both types of data can be analyzed to determine the
structure of storms and their potential to cause severe weather.
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AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL (ATC)
Air traffic control (ATC) is a service provided by ground-based
controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and in the air. The primary purpose of
ATC systems worldwide is to separate aircraft to prevent collisions, to organize and
expedite the flow of traffic, and to provide information and other support for pilots
when able.
Moving-map systems
Audio entertainment
Video entertainment
Personal televisions
In-flight movies
Closed-captioning
In-flight games
Islamic prayers and directions to Mecca
Mobile phone
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BLACK BOX
A cockpit voice recorder (CVR) and flight data recorder, often
referred to as a "black box, is a flight recorder used to record the audio environment
and during flight data in the flight deck of an aircraft for the purpose of investigation of
accidents and incidents. This is typically achieved by recording the signals of the
microphones and earphones of the pilots’ headsets and of an area microphone in the
roof of the cockpit.
The earliest Black Box used analog wire recording, later replaced by analog
magnetic tape. Some of the tape units used two reels, with the tape automatically
reversing at each end. Now this magnetic tape is replaced by flash memory unit.
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Conclusion
This internship has been an excellent and rewarding experience. Every aspect of
this internship was flawless, we have learned so many things about the aircraft.
At the end it was a great experience for us to work and learn with PIA.
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