Filter Bank Multi-Carrier (FBMC)

for Future Wireless Systems

CD Laboratory Workshop

Ronald Nissel
November 15, 2016
 Motivation

Dependable Wireless Connectivity for the Society in Motion Slide 2 / 27

 Multicarrier Modulation
1.5
xl,k...Transmitted data symbol FBMC
1 OFDM
17 (LTE,WLAN)

p(t)
0.5
Frequency index, l

0
−2 −1 0 1 2
t
T0
0

P (f )
0
0 13
Time index, k
−50
−5 0 5
f
F0
= f T0

Current generation of wireless systems use OFDM.

Can we do better?

Dependable Wireless Connectivity for the Society in Motion Slide 3 / 27

 5G Design Paradigm: Flexible Time-Frequency Allocation
Robust communcation Low latency, high velocity
(reduced spectral efficiency) (high efficiency if L >> K)

F
Frequency

Large area
Time (high efficiency if K >> L) T ∝ 1
F

L ... Number of subcarriers per block

Required time-frequency K ... Number of time-symbols per block
resources for one symbol F ... Frequency-spacing
T ... Time-spacing
Dependable Wireless Connectivity for the Society in Motion Slide 4 / 27
 How does FBMC work?

Dependable Wireless Connectivity for the Society in Motion Slide 5 / 27

 FBMC: Time-Frequency Localized Prototype Filter

(Complex) orthogonal for TF = 2

Dependable Wireless Connectivity for the Society in Motion Slide 6 / 27

 FBMC Offset-QAM: Transmit Real-Valued Symbols

Orthogonal only in the real domain: TF = 0.5

Dependable Wireless Connectivity for the Society in Motion Slide 7 / 27

 Comparison of Multicarrier Schemes

Maximum
Independent
Spectral Time- Frequency- (Bi)-
Transmit
Efficiency Localization Localization Orthogonal
Symbols
TF = 1
Pure
yes yes no yes yes
OFDM
Windowed
/Filtered no yes yes yes yes
OFDM
real
FBMC-OQAM yes yes yes yes
only
yes,
Coded
yes yes yes after de- no
FBMC-OQAM
spreading

Dependable Wireless Connectivity for the Society in Motion Slide 8 / 27

 Comparison of Multicarrier Schemes

0
No OOB
reduction
Power Spectral Density (dB)

−20 LTE like:

CP-OFDM T F = 1.07

−40
21 sub-
Windowed carriers T F = 1.3
−60 OFDM

FBMC
−80 OQAM
Filtered
TF = 1
OFDM T F = 1.3
(complex)
−100
−50 −40 −30 −20 −10 0 10 20 30 40 50
Normalized Frequency, f/F

Dependable Wireless Connectivity for the Society in Motion Slide 9 / 27

 Real World Testbed Measurements

Dependable Wireless Connectivity for the Society in Motion Slide 10 / 27

 Vienna Wireless Testbed

Transmitter:

TX antenna

RX
Receiver:

Dependable Wireless Connectivity for the Society in Motion Slide 11 / 27

 Channel Estimation in FBMC1

1
“On Pilot-Symbol Aided Channel Estimation in FBMC-OQAM”,R. Nissel,et.al.,2016
Dependable Wireless Connectivity for the Society in Motion Slide 12 / 27
 Channel Estimation in FBMC

1.5
Channel

0.5

0
12
Sub 10 8 14
car 12
rier 6 10
- p 4 6
8 io n k
Fre
que
osi
tio 2 4 e- p osit
ncy nl 2 Tim
e, t
,f Tim
LS estimation,
Data symbols
Pilot symbols Interpolation

Dependable Wireless Connectivity for the Society in Motion Slide 13 / 27

 Channel Estimation in FBMC

Cancel the imaginary interference at the pilot positions:

1 Auxiliary 2 Auxiliary Coding
Frequency

Time

Novel Contribution:
I We suggest the usage of two auxiliary symbols.
I We extended the coding approach to more than 8 symbols
I Downloadable MATLAB code: www.nt.tuwien.ac.at/downloads/
I Validated by real world measurements

Dependable Wireless Connectivity for the Society in Motion Slide 14 / 27

 Achievable Rate Improvement: FBMC vs. OFDM (LTE)

30
Coding FBMC
Achievable Rate Improvement (%)

(high complexity)
25
2 Auxiliary symbols
(low complexity)
20
1 Auxiliary symbol
15 (low complexity) Improvement due to
better spectrum utilization

10

5 Improvement due to
OFDM no cyclic prefix no cyclic prefix
0
−10 −5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
SNROF
D
DM
(dB)

Dependable Wireless Connectivity for the Society in Motion Slide 15 / 27

 Real World Throughput Measurements

30
Coding
(high complexity)
Throughput Improvement (%)

25
2 Auxiliary symbols
FBMC
(low complexity)
20

1 Auxiliary symbol
15 (low complexity)

10
95 % confidence
5 mean interval obtained
by bootstrapping
0
−10 −5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
SNROF
D
DM
(dB)

Dependable Wireless Connectivity for the Society in Motion Slide 16 / 27

 MIMO in FBMC2

2
“Enabling Low-Complexity MIMO in FBMC-OQAM”, R. Nissel and M. Rupp, 2016
Dependable Wireless Connectivity for the Society in Motion Slide 17 / 27
 Enabling MIMO in FBMC By Hadamard Spreading (+1,-1)

Coded FBMC-OQAM:
Code

Time

Frequency

Novel Contribution:
I Matrix formulation: new analytical insights
I We investigate the block interference and the influence of time-varying channels
I Downloadable MATLAB code: www.nt.tuwien.ac.at/downloads/
I Validated by real world measurements

Dependable Wireless Connectivity for the Society in Motion Slide 18 / 27

 Real World MIMO Measurements

2×2 MIMO (2×bit rate)

10
−1 Zero-Forcing Equalizer
Bit Error Ratio

2×2 MIMO
−2 Maximum-Likelihood
10
16-QAM Detection (2×bit rate)
95 % confidence
interval for FBMC
10
−3 obtained by
bootstrapping 2×1 MIMO
Alamouti’s Space-Time
OFDM Block Code
FBMC
−4
10
−5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Estimated Signal-to-Noise Ratio for OFDM (dB)

Dependable Wireless Connectivity for the Society in Motion Slide 19 / 27

 Bit Error Probability for FBMC in Doubly Selective
Channels3

3
“OFDM and FBMC-OQAM in Doubly-Selective Channels: Calculating the Bit Error
Probability”, R. Nissel and M. Rupp, 2016, submitted
Dependable Wireless Connectivity for the Society in Motion Slide 20 / 27
 Closed-Form BEP Expression

0
10
Bit Error Probability, Bit Error Ratio

Vehicular A, 500km/h

−1
10 OFDM (noCP)
CP-OFDM
FBMC

CP OF
−2
10 Pedestrian A, 10km/h -O
F
DM
DM (no
C
64-QAM ≈
P)
FB
Theory M
C
Gauss approx.
Simulation
−3 Doubly- flat
10
−5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Sig na l-t o -No
Noiis e Ra t io [dB], s ee ( 1 8 )

Dependable Wireless Connectivity for the Society in Motion Slide 21 / 27

 Outlook

Dependable Wireless Connectivity for the Society in Motion Slide 22 / 27

 Doubly-Selective Channels in FBMC

Questions:
I Are one-tap equalizers good enough?
I How good is FBMC compared to OFDM?
I Which prototype filter
I Hermite
I PHYDYAS

Fair comparison:
Optimal Subcarrier Spacing
Signal-to-Interference Ratio

Limiting factor:
delay spread
(multipath delays)
Limiting factor:
Doppler spread
(time-variant channel)

Subcarrier Spacing

Dependable Wireless Connectivity for the Society in Motion Slide 23 / 27

 Doubly-Selective Channels in FBMC

LS estimation of the piecewise mean channel MMSE channel estimation

1.5 1.5
AMMSE

|Ĥ[l, m]|
1
ˆ |

1
LS
|h̄l,k

0.5 0.5
0 0
12 10 15 12 10
8 6 10 8 200
6 4 150
4 2 5 100
Subcarrier OFDM Symbol Subcarrier 2 50
time index

I Channel estimation using time-frequency correlation

I Channel equalization

Dependable Wireless Connectivity for the Society in Motion Slide 24 / 27

 Further Questions in FBMC

Bit error probability, including channel estimation

I Similar to our submitted paper (which assumes perfect channel knowledge),
I But now also include channel estimation.

mmWave transmissions
I Testbed
I Jointly with Erich and Martin

Further investigate real world hardware effects

I Quantization
I Non-linear power amplifier

Dependable Wireless Connectivity for the Society in Motion Slide 25 / 27

 Conclusions

Dependable Wireless Connectivity for the Society in Motion Slide 26 / 27

 Conclusions

In contrast to most other research groups:

I Downloadable MATLAB code: www.nt.tuwien.ac.at/downloads/
I Theory is validated by real world testbed measurements

Main contribution in 2016:

I Channel estimation in FBMC
I MIMO in FBMC
I Bit error probability for FBMC in doubly-selective channels

Outlook: A lot of open questions for the next years!

Dependable Wireless Connectivity for the Society in Motion Slide 27 / 27

 Backup Slides

Dependable Wireless Connectivity for the Society in Motion Slide 1 / 9

 Ambiguity Function OFDM

Dependable Wireless Connectivity for the Society in Motion Slide 2 / 9

 Ambiguity Function CP-OFDM

Dependable Wireless Connectivity for the Society in Motion Slide 3 / 9

 Block Interference
No guard-symbols:

Block 1 Block 2 Block 3

Transmit Power

KT KT KT

Time

Guard time-slot:

Block 1 Block 2 Block 3

Transmit Power

KT T KT T KT

Set time slot

to zero

Time

Dependable Wireless Connectivity for the Society in Motion Slide 4 / 9

 Block Interference

50
One guard slot per block
Signal-to-Interfernece Ratio (dB)

(reduced efficiency)
40

30
No guard symbols
(maximum spectral efficiency)
20

10
1 ms for 15 kHz subcarrier spacing, (125µs for 120 kHz)
0
0 50 100 150 200 250
Spreading Length (Symbols)

Dependable Wireless Connectivity for the Society in Motion Slide 5 / 9

 Block Interference

20
1ms for 15 kHz subcarrier spacing, (125µs for 120 kHz)

15
Efficiency Loss (%)

10

LTE efficiency loss due to the CP

One guard slot per block

0
0 50 100 150 200 250
Spreading Length (Symbols)

Dependable Wireless Connectivity for the Society in Motion Slide 6 / 9

 Time-Variant Channels

One guard time slot per block

40
Signal-to-Interference Ratio (dB)

Spreading Length K = 8
30

20
Spreading Length K = 32

10
Theory
Simulation
0
0 10 20 30 40 50
Velocity (km/h) for F =15 kHz and fc =2.5 GHz

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Velocity (km/h) for F =120 kHz and fc =2.5 GHz
Dependable Wireless Connectivity for the Society in Motion Slide 7 / 9
 Flexible Subcarrier Spacing, TF = 1 (no CP)

Channel Model: VehicularA, 250 km/h

35
FBMC-OQAM FBMC-OQAM
Signal-to-Interference Ratio (dB)

30 Hermite Phydyas

25

20 OFDM

15

10
15 kHz
5 (LTE) Theory
Simulation
0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Subcarrier Spacing (kHz)

Dependable Wireless Connectivity for the Society in Motion Slide 8 / 9

 Peak-To-Power Average Ratio and Signal Power Over Time

0
10 1.6
1Aux. 1Aux.
flipped
1.4
−1 1Aux.
10 1.2
OFDM 1Aux.
Pr (PAPR ≤ PAPR0 )

flipped
1

Signal Power
Cod.
−2
10 2Aux. 0.8 Cod.
2Aux.
0.6
−3
10 0.4

0.2
6T FBMC
−4
10 0
6 8 10 12 0 0.1 0.2
PAPR0 (dB) Time (ms)

Dependable Wireless Connectivity for the Society in Motion Slide 9 / 9