Presented by: jagdish sambad

m.sc.nursing,
IKDRC COLLEGE OF NURSING.
 Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is
the term commonly used to describe a broad range
of healing philosophies, approaches and therapies
that focus on the whole person including
biopsychosocial and spiritual aspect.
 CAM therapies when used alone referred as
alternative therapies.
 When CAM therapies are used in combination
with other conventional therapies referred as
complementary therapies.
 Types of
Complementary
And
Alternative Medicine
 1. Alternative Medical Systems
 2. Mind-Body Interventions
 3. Biologically-Based Therapies
 4. Manipulative and Body-Based Methods
 5. Energy Therapies
 Alternative medical systems are built upon
complete systems of theory and practice.
Often, these systems have evolved apart from
and earlier than the conventional medical
approach used.
 Acupuncture
 Ayurveda
 Homeopathy
 Naturopathic medicine
Acupuncture is a
component of traditional
Chinese medicine that
originated in China over
5,000 years ago. It is
based on the belief that
living beings have a vital
energy, called "qi” that
circulates through twelve
invisible energy lines
known as meridians on
the body.
 Acupuncturists insert needles into specified
points along meridian lines to influence the
restore balance to the flow of qi. There are
over 1,000 acupuncture points on the body
 There are numerous theories about how
acupuncture works. Some of them are:
 acupuncture stimulates the release of pain
 acupuncture influences the release of
neurotransmitters, substances that transmit nerve
impulses to the brain
 acupuncture influences the autonomic nervous
system
 acupuncture stimulates circulation
 acupuncture influences the electrical currents of
the body
 migraines and tension headaches
 sinusitis
 common cold
 addictions, quit smoking
 Meniere's disease
 arthritis
 menstrual cramps
 asthma
 weight loss
 infertility
 Acupuncture is considered a safe therapy when
the practitioner has been trained and uses
sterilized needles. The complications includes…
 Infection
 Broken needle puncture of an internal organ
 Bleeding
 Fainting
 Seizure
 Person with bleeding disorders
 Thrombocytopenia
 Skin infection
 Semi permanent needles should not b used in a
person with vascular heart disease because of the
risk of infection.
 Electro acupuncture should avoid in person with
a pacemaker, epilepsy or in pregnancy.
Ayurveda is the traditional
medicine of India, which
originated there over 5,000 years
ago.
Ayurveda emphasizes re-
establishing balance in the body
through diet, lifestyle, exercise,
and body cleansing, and on the
health of the mind, body, and
spirit.
 According to Ayurveda, everything is composed
of five elements: air, water, fire, earth, and space.
These elements combine to form the three
doshas i.e.
 Vata
 kapha
 pitta
 The vata dosha is a combination of space and air.
 It controls movement and is responsible for basic
body processes such as breathing, cell division and
circulation.
 Vata body areas are the large intestine, pelvis,
bones, skin, ears, and thighs. People with vata as
their main dosha are believed to be quick-thinking,
thin, and fast, and are susceptible to anxiety, dry
skin, and constipation.
 The kapha dosha represents the elements of water
and earth.
 Kapha is believed to be responsible for strength,
immunity, and growth.
 Kapha body areas are the chest, lungs, and spinal
fluid. People with kapha as their main dosha are
thought to be calm, have a solid body frame, and
are susceptible to diabetes, obesity, sinus
congestion, and gallbladder problems.
 The pitta dosha combines fire and water.
 It is thought to control hormones and the digestive
system.
 Pitta body areas are the small intestines, stomach,
sweat glands, skin, blood, and eyes. People with
pitta as their primary dosha are thought to have a
fiery personality, oily skin, and are susceptible to
heart disease, stomach ulcers, inflammation,
heartburn, and arthritis.
 Diet
 Cleansing and detoxification:
 Herbal medicine
 Yoga
 Meditation
 Exercise
 Massage:
 Anemia
 Arthritis
 Asthma
 Back Ache
 Bleeding Gums
 Blood Dysentery
 Bronchitis
 Cancer
 Chicken Pox
 Cholera
 Cough and Cold
 Dengue
Homeopathic remedies are typically derived from
plants, herbs, minerals, or animal products. After
being crushed and dissolved in alcohol and/or
water, the selected substance undergoes a long
process of dilution and succession (a process that
involves vigorous shaking of the solution). The
solution is then stored.
 Diarrhea
 Migraines
 Motion sickness
 The flu
 Since they're so diluted, homeopathic remedies
don't usually cause adverse effects. In some
cases, however, patients may briefly feel worse
after first beginning their homeopathic
treatment.
 1. A surgical problem which has progressed far
beyond its initial stages might not respond to
homoeopathy.
 2. Some sudden life threatening situations like
heart attacks, paralytic strokes, diabetic comas etc.
might have to be initially treated with allopathy, till
the patient is out of danger.
 3. It is relatively slow acting as compared to the
steroids.
 4. The success rate is not 100%.
 Naturopathy uses body's natural healing abilities
in prevention and treatment of disease through a
healthy lifestyle.
 It builds immunity, improves mental health, and
enhances body functions.
 Naturopathy mainly focuses on finding the cause of
the disease rather than merely treating the
symptoms of disease.
 It uses diet, homeopathy, hydrotherapy, herbal
medicine, and other therapies to return the body to
a state where it can heal itself.
 Weight loss
 Fatigue
 Menstrual cycle disturbances (e.g. , cramping,
fluid retention, irregular cycles)
 Stress and anxiety
 Mild depression
 Mood swings
 Allergies
 Arthritis
 Menopause related problems (e.g. hot
flushes, insomnia, mood changes)
 Sleep problems
 Poor immunity
 Arthritis
 Blood sugar imbalances
 Slow metabolism
 General wellbeing
 Preconception care and fertility
 REBALANCING FOOD
 ESSENTIAL OILS, AND OTHER BACH FLOWERS,
HERBS AND PLANTS
 RELAXATION TECHNIQUES
 MASSAGE
 Mind-body medicine uses a variety of techniques
designed to enhance the mind's capacity to affect
bodily function and symptoms. Some techniques
that were considered alternative in the past have
become main stream (for example, patient
support groups and cognitive-behavioral therapy).
 Meditation and Breathing
 Relaxation
 Hypnosis
 Biofeedback
 Meditation means sitting or resting quietly, often
with the eyes closed, which stills the mind for
greater self-awareness.
 Meditation also helps in reduction of pain and
relieving stress.
 It also involves sometimes the repetitive sounding
of a mantra, which helps the person to focus.
Meditation promotes relaxation.
◦ Quite space
◦ A comfortable position.
◦ A respective attitude
◦ A focus of attention
◦ Meditation and rhythmic breathing
◦ Progressive relaxation
◦ Relation by sensory pacing
◦ Relaxing with music
 Provide a quite environment.
 Help the client get comfortable while seated or
lying on back.
 Instruct the client to close eyes and hold a
receptive attitude.
 Instruct the client to breath in and out slowly and
deeply using abdominal muscles keeping the chest
still.
 At the beginning of every out breath have client
to repeat the number ‘one’ silently in his or her
mind and continue for period of meditation.
 Explain that when the mind wanders, being it
back to counting the out breath without
judgment.
 Have client practice for 5, 10, 15 or20 minutes
per session practice daily for at least one session.
 Following steps 1, 2,3and 4 of meditation and
rhythmic breathing.
 Once the client is breathing slowly and
comfortably instruct client to tighten and relax
the muscles.
 Instruct the client to tense and relax the calves
and knees.
 Following steps 1, 2,3and 4 of meditation and
rhythmic breathing.
 Instruct the client to slowly repeat and finish
either in a low voice of the following sentence-
-Now I am aware of seeing
-Now I am aware of feeling
-Now I am aware of hearing
 Instruct the client to repeat and complete each
sentence 4 times, the 3 times then twice and
finally once.
◦ Provide client with a tape recorder and headset.
◦ Ask client to select a favorite cassette of slow
quiet music.
◦ Instruct client to get into a comfortable position
and to close eyes and listen to music through
the headset.
◦ Instruct client to imagine floating with music.
 Prolonging Life Expectancy
 Stress Control
 Pain Management
 Cancer and Other Chronic Illness
 Heart disease
 High blood pressure
 Infertility
 Psoriasis
 Respiratory crises
 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Tension Headaches
 Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Ulcers, and Insomnia
 Fibromyalgia
 It may be contraindicated in people who have a
strong fear of losing control.
 Hypertensive individual require a much shorter
session than average 15-20 minute session.
Relaxation techniques are aimed at relaxing
muscles and quieting the mind and are mainly
designed to relieve tension and strain. It is also
used as an alternative treatment for insomnia.
 Decreased heart rate
 Decreased respiratory rate
 Decreased BP
 Decreased oxygen consumption
 Lowering heart rate
 Lowering BP
 tension
 Improving well being
 Reducing symptoms of distress
 Depression
 Anxiety
 Individual undergoing relaxation therapy has
report fearing loss of control.
 Feeling they are floating and experiencing
relaxation induced anxiety related to theses
feelings.
 Occasional relaxation techniques may result in
continued intensification of symptoms.
 Hypnosis is a sort of conscious sleep or trance
that can help people deal with addictions, pain or
anxiety disorders.
 In hypnosis, a person is put into an advanced
state of relaxation in which he is relatively
unaware of his surroundings but not entirely
unconscious about it.
 A hypnotized person follows the instructions
given by the hypnotherapist and tends not to be
to psycho logic stress and conflict.
 Habit Disorders
 Habit Disorders
 Relaxation
 Anxiety States
 OCD
 Psychotic Disorders
 In a patient who does not want it.
 Hypertensive individual .
 Biofeedback is a group of therapeutic procedures
that use electronic or electromechanical
instruments to measure the process and
information to person about their neuromuscular
and autonomic nervous system.
 The information or feed back is given in physical,
physiological activity or visual feedback signals.
 People are trained to exercise some control over
the way their bodies work and involves measuring
a subject's bodily processes such as blood
pressure, heart rate, skin temperature using
electronic sensors.
 Biofeedback helps a person to be more aware of
what his body is doing, and to bring reactions
under control.
 Temperature biofeedback

 EMG biofeedback

 EEG biofeedback

 Galvanic Skin Response

Biofeedback helps the treating
 pain
 stress
 Insomnia
 headache.
During relaxation the feeling may be uncovered that
client cannot cope with them. For this reason it’s
recommended that practitioners should be trained.
 Biologically based therapies in complementary and
alternative medicine use substances found in
nature, such as herbs, foods, and vitamins. There
are mainly following types of biological based
therapy:
 Herbal Medicine
 Orthomolecular Medicine
 Herbal medicine is a system, which uses various
remedies derived from plants and their extracts to
treat disorders and maintain good health.
 Either a whole single herb or a mixture of
different herbs can be used.
 Though herbal medicine exhibits a slower and
deeper action they assist the body to eliminate
and detoxify,thus taking care of the problem
that’s causing the symptoms.
 Herbal medicines are available as extracts,
infusions, pills, and powders.
 Minor burns
 Wound healing
 Hypertension
 Diabetes
 Nausea
 Vomiting
 Motion sickness
 Orthomolecular medicine involves the use of
proper nutrition or nutritional supplements to
maintain and restore health.
 Orthomolecular medicine uses combinations of
minerals, vitamins and amino acids normally found
in the body to treat specific conditions.
 Arthritis
 Cardiovascular disease
 Hypertension
 Beriberi
 Night blindness
 Osteomalacia
 Pernicious anemia
 Rickets
 Scurvy
 Xerophtalmia
Manipulative and body-based methods in
complementary and alternative medicine are based
on manipulation and/or movement of one or more
parts of the body.
 Chiropractic

 Osteopathy

 Massage Therapy

 Reflexology
 Chiropractic is based on the theory that disease
conditions result from misalignments of body
structures, especially the spine.
 Due to this misalignment pressure is placed on the
nerve roots as they exit the spinal column resulting in
decreased function of the nerve and the organs that
they serve.
 The treatment for achieving this balance is spinal
manipulation to restore correct alignment and full
working order. Researches have shown chiropractic to
be effective in treating low back pain.
 Osteopathy is a system of diagnosis and treatment
by manipulation that mainly focuses on musculo-
skeletal problems.
 It differs from chiropractic in its underlying theory
that it is impairment of blood supply and not nerve
supply that leads to problems.
 Doctors of osteopathy use manipulation plus
traditional medicine to cure problems.
 It is the manipulation of body tissues to promote
wellness and reduce pain and stress.
 It plays an important role in treating illness or
chronic ailments, and contributes to a higher sense
of general well being. It involves a variety of
techniques such as stroking or kneading for
applying pressure to specific points.
 Massage therapy may cause side effects and should
not be used in people who have infectious or
contagious skin diseases.
 Reflexology is the practice of stimulating points on
the feet, hands and ears to improve health or give a
beneficial effect on some other parts of the body.
 It is commonly performed on the particular areas of
foot that are believed to correspond to different
organs or systems of the body.
 This helps to eliminate the blockage of energy
responsible for pain or disease in the corresponding
body part.
Biofield therapies are intended to affect energy
fields that purportedly surround and penetrate the
human body. The existence of such fields has not
yet been scientifically proven. Some forms of energy
therapy manipulate biofields by applying pressure
and/or manipulating the body by placing the hands
in, or through, these fields.
 1. Reiki
 2. Therapeutic Touch
 3. Bioelectromagnetic-based Therapies
 Reiki is a technique, which uses the channeling
and flow of energy through the body to improve
health and promote healing.
 It is very much different from conventional
healing therapies. Because in a Reiki therapy,
there are no medicines or tools needed to heal
diseases.
 All a practitioner has to do is to direct energy
towards the body through the hands and the
power of meditation.
 Anxiety
 Stress
 Arthritis
 Endometriosis
 Chronic fatigue syndrome
 Insomnia
 Depression
 Migraines
 Hot flashes
 Cramps
 Regular sessions are requires.
 Need other treatment in addition to Reiki therapy
in case of serious illness.
 This technique uses the therapist's healing energy
to identify and repair imbalances in a person's
biofield.
 They believe that by placing their hands on or
near a patient's body they can direct energy and
correct disturbances.
 Pain
 Fever
 Swelling,
 Infections
 Wounds
 Ulcers
 Thyroid problems
 Burns
 Nausea
 Premenstrual syndrome
 Diarrhea, and headaches
 TT is useful in treating diseases such as measles,
Alzheimer’s disease
 Lack of eye and facial contact during session.
 Person who are sensitive to human interaction
and touch.
 Physical abused
 Psychiatric diseases.
 Bioelectromagnetic-based therapies use pulsed
energy or magnetic fields to alter the body's
electromagnetic fields and cure illness. Magnets
have become a popular treatment for various
musculoskeletal conditions and even to relieve
pain.
 Osteoporosis
 Arthritis
 Effective in healing non-union fracture hip
 Pain
 Pacemaker or other implanted or external
medical devices;
 Pregnancy
 Myasthenia gravis
 Hyperfunctional endocrine glands
 Active TB, acute viral diseases
 Malignancies
 Psychoses
 Organ transplant
 The integrative medicine approach is consistent
with the holistic approach nurses are taught to
practice.
 Nurses have the potential for becoming essential
participants in this type of health care philosophy.
 Nurses should be knowledgeable of CAM
therapies to make appropriate recommendation.
 Nurses should also provide advice to client
regarding when to seek conventional therapies or
CAM therapies.
 Nurses need to be aware of their state nurse
practice act with regard to CAM therapies and
practice only with in the scope of these laws.
 Nurses have knowledge regarding current
researches being done in this area to provide
accurate information not only to patient but to
other health care professionals.
 Perry and potter. Fundamentals of nursing. 6th ed.
Mosby an imprint of Elsevier NEW DELHI pp 915-
26.
 Stuart W. Gail, Lararia T. Michele. Principle and
practice of psychiatric nursing. 8th ed. Mosby an
imprint of Elsevier. NEW DELHI : Pp 618-26.
 Black Joyce M. et al .Medical Surgical nursing. 1st
ed. Singapore. W.B. Sunder 1997: pp780-5.
 Net references- http://www.stop getting lik.com
 http://explorewingworld quest.org