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A Compact MIMO DRA Antenna

Conference Paper · April 2008

DOI: 10.1109/IWAT.2008.4511338 · Source: IEEE Xplore

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 Proceedings of iWAT2008, Chiba, Japan
P204
A Compact MIMO DRA Antenna
Katsunori Ishimiya 1,2, Jonas Langbacka Zhinong Ying 2 Jun-ichi Takada1

Dept. of International Development Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering,

Tokyo Institute of Technology
2-12-1-S6-4, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
E-mail : katsunori.ishimiyagap.ide.titech.ac.jp
2
Sony Ericsson Research Center, Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications AB
Nya Vattentornet, SE-221 88, Lund, Sweden
E-mail : Katsunori.ishimiya@sonyericsson.com

1. Introduction
Multiple Input, Multiple Output (MIMO) is an antenna technology for wireless
communications in which multiple antennas are used at both the source (transmitter) and the
destination (receiver). The antennas at each end of the communications circuit are combined to
minimize the errors and to optimize the data speed. MIMO-based antennas are of interest in
relation to communication such as digital TV, wireless LAN and mobile communications. MIMO
arrangements are of particular interest for use in wireless communication such as cellular phone or
other portable communication devices.
However, the size of a cellular phone is preferably small, and it is therefore disadvantageous
to include more than one antenna in such a device. This becomes even more of a factor as cellular
phones need to communicate in different types of system. This means that if the MIMO concept is
used for a small portable communication device, it may be difficult to provide antennas that have
low incidence of coupling to each other especially if the device is to be kept small.
In recent years, a new type of antenna has evolved that is small and has high radiation
efficiency. Those characteristics are highly desirable for use in cellular phones. In a dielectric
resonator antenna, a probe can excite a transmission mode in a resonating dielectric antenna volume.
When applying a dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) type in a MIMO system and using it for
the transmission of two or more signals using the same frequency, high coupling often occurs
between the different antenna signals. The occurrence of the coupling may seriously degrade the
performance of such an antenna. Thus, it would be beneficial to provide a DRA that can be used to
simultaneously transmit and receive more than one signal at the same frequency. Also, where the
incidence of coupling between these antennas, signals is reduced. DAR offers several advantages
such as wide bandwidth, small size, ease of fabrication and high radiation efficiency.
This paper presents characteristics of DRA antenna for 2.6GHz (UMTS band 7).

2. Antenna designed structure

The MIMO DRA antenna was designed using the electromagnetic software CST Microwave
Studio based on Finite Integration Method (FIM) [1]. Proposed antenna structure is shown in Fig. 1. It
consists of a monopole antenna and two patch antennas in DRA. The parameters of DRA are: length
- width =height =18 mm; dielectric constant £r =21, tan6 =0.000 1352. Antenna elements are
painted silver on dielectric material. Each antennas is optimized to cover the UMTS band 7 (Tx:
2500 - 2570 MHz, Rx : 2620 - 2690MHz).diameter of monopole antenna is 2mm and height is
10.5mm. Size of patch antenna 1 and 2 are 4 (w) x 7 (h) mm. Ground plane is 80 x 80 x 1 mm.

978-:1-4241-L 23-3/08/$25.00 t 2008 IEEE 286

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 Patch antenna 2 (port 3)
Monopole antenna (portl) Dielectric material
/ Patch antenna 1 (port 2)

Ground plane (PWB)

(a) (b)
Fig. 1 (a) Antenna with PWB (if dielectric material is removed) (b) antenna with PWB.

3. Result
S-parameter, mean effective gain and diversity gain have been performed.

3.1 S-parameters

Figure.2 shows the measured and simulated S-parameters of this DRA. It shows
o0
0 S21(measured)
5 A1 S23(meastired)
_-5 h; - -- - -- - --
--- - -- -- -- - -
--r- - - - - - - -
--
h_ ------- ; -
----------'---------- ---- ---'-----------| S31L(mleastired) 1------
I
0Q00 - S2 1(simulated)
0 0 0 0°Q0O ,--- S23(simtilated)
S33-(similated) | X
g , \ X .',,*I
,ooooto~~OOOOQOOOO0

-- -- -- -- ----- -- --- -- -- -- -- -

-30
~~~ -25 S11(simul _ -------a------ted)smuatd I QQ *I __ _ I

02 Sll(measured) ~ ~ ~ l~~~~~~~~~~~-2 -T3 ------------|

. S22(meastired)| ,'mS
A S33(meastired) F IGHzI
-
F |--iii--- g -2-masure and simulated
(simulated) S-param r of DA a a sy
S22(sittitilated)| /
S33(simtilated)| . . , .
_30 |3n.
2.4 2.45 2.5 2.55 2.6 2.65 2.17 2.75 2.8 T.4 2.45 2.5 2.55 2.6 2.65 2.7 2.75 2.'8
Frequency [GHz] Frequency [GHz]

Fig.2 measured and simulated S-parameter of DRA antenna system.

3.2 Mean effective gain (MEG)

The MEG is statistical measure of the antenna gain in a mobile environment. It is equal to the
radio of the mean received power of the antenna and total mean incident. It can be expressed by

287
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 r

MEG=ME = t +XPRRG9(, Ob)P°(0, °) + l 1 Go(6, O)Po(6,,) sin Od d

0
1 +XPR

J P(6, 0b) sin 6d6dp

I|P0(S~~~~~~~~~~~) sinn
1+ XPR
6d6dp

XPR= 0 0

JPo(, b) sin 6d6dp

00

G9(O, 5) and Go(O, 5) are the 6 and 5 components of the antenna power gain pattern,
respectively, P,(O,5) and Po(0,5) are the 6 and 5 components of angular density functions of
incoming plane waves, respectively. XPR is the cross polarization power ratio.

-0

/°Monopole (port 1)
>~~~~~i VPatch I (port 2)
/^ Patch 2 (port 3)
+~~~~~

-15 1_ 1_ _ _
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
XPR [dB]

Figure. 3 Mean effective gain variation due to the cross polarization power ration.
Figure.3 shows MEG variation due to XPR. MEG of Patch 1 and 2 are not changed so much
against XPR. When XPR is 0 dB, MEG of monopole antenna and two patch antennas is very closed
each other around 3.3 dB.
3.3 Apparent diversity gain and actual diversity gain
The concept of diversity is that more than two antennas are used to receive a signal and those
are combined the replicas of received signal in a desirable way to improve the communication link
performance. Figure. 4 shows the power samples of each two antennas (between (a) monopole
(porl) and patch antenna (port 2), (b) Monopole (port 1) and patch 2 (port 3) (c) Patch 1 (port 2)
and patch 2 (port 3)). We observe the combined signal curves with the selection combining scheme
(red line) are steeper than the two antenna curves taken alone. Those measurements have been
taken by reverberation chamber from Blue test. [2] Summary of all value is showed in table 1.

288
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 --- --
- - -1-10 - - 1-- - - - - -
=
- - - - - 4-
10- - -1
- - - 1-
- - - - - -

_Monopole (port 1) _ L_
__F__ < _ _ _ _ _ _ Monopole (port 1)
Patch 1 (port 2) _ Patch 2 (port 3) / _
101 Selection comb. = = = = = Selection comb.
-4 = I=
- =4 - -I -
- - - - - - - -1-fl--tt-t
- - 1 - - ---- - ---tt - - - - --1 --.

-I
X __ -E _ _ _10- |--,0E - - 2- --| - - - - t- - - - -l -
-Z- - - - - - - l --
-
-1-
- --/
-t-t-t - - -- Z
t - -- - - - - -- -- -
I I- - -t- t - - - -
-- t
X- X- --1- -1- -t -1-- --t- -1- -1i -t--t-- ---1--.
1--1- --l---l
I--I I-X---I---I-t-l -- ---I --/---I---I-t-l -- 1-- 1---1--
- - - - - - - - - -

101-3 Ar :110 3 V
-35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10
Relative received power (dB) Relative received power (dB)

(a) (b)
10
Patch 1 (port 2)
Patch 2 (port 3) 4
Selection comb.

101 _I
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

_ _ T- - - -; -- - - -1-----
10 _ L - I
4e_-+--+-
- -
I
- - ---
- -
--- -
- -
-

10
-35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10
Relative received power (dB)

(c)
Figure. 4 diversity gain between (1) monopole (port 1) and patch antenna (port 2)
(b) Monopole (port 1) and patch 2 (port 3) (c) Patch 1 (port 2) and patch 2 (port 3)

Antenna Apparent Diversity Gain Actual Diversity Gain

Monopole (port 1) 9.8 dB 9.3 dB
Patch 1 (port 2)
Monopole (port 1) 10.8 dB 9.6 dB
Patch 2 (port 3)

Patch 2 (port 3) 10.2 dB 9.9 dB

Table. 1 Summary of the measured performance of all antennas.

4. Conclusion
We have developed MIMO DRA. The simulation result closely matches with measured result
in S-parameter. All results show the usefulness of a very simple antenna solution to achieve very
efficient antennas at the terminal of MIMO system. Next studies will focus on increased antenna
size with Wireless LAN 2.4GHz band.

References
[1] CST Studio Suite 2006B (CST Microwave Studio), CST GmbH.
[2] Reverberation Chambers RC700HP Bluetest AB
[3] Z. Ying, T. Bolin, V. Plicanic, A. Derneryd and G. Kristensson, "Diversity antenna terminal
evaluation", Antenna and propagation Society International Symposium, 2005 IEEE Volume 2A,
pp.3'75-1378, July 2005.

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