UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE,

FAISALABAD

fst 3rd semester

Assignment Fst-405
TOPIC: Climacteric & Non-climacteric fruits
& vegetables
SUBMITTED TO:
Sir Inam
SUBMITTED BY:
M.Zaman

2019-ag-8550
Climacteric Fruits & Vegetables:
Def:

"Climacteric fruits are defined as fruits that enter 'climacteric phase' after harvest i.e. they continue to
ripen."

During the ripeneing process,the fruits emit ethylene along with increased rate of respiration.

These fruits are harvested hard & green,but are fully matured and ripened near

consumption areas as fully ripe fruits are too delicate to withstand transportation over long distances.

Example:

Climacteric fruits are:

 mango,
 ,guava,
 kiwi,
 apple,etc.

Management:
Ripeneing is a final stage of development of a fruit,which involves the series of physiological and
biochemical events that make them both attractive and tasty to eat.Phytochromes play an important role
in ripeneing.

Treatment in ripeneing is required for normal fruit ripeneing of climacteric fruits. The Fruit ripeneing can
be controlled or delayed by physical methods such as modified atmosphere by packaging treatment with
gamma radiations,surface coating with sucrose ester,etc.

The treatment with phytochromes reducing agents have also been successful in delaying fruit ripeneing.

Ripening in climacteric fruits:

Ripening is the final stage of development of a fruit, which involves series of physiological and
biochemical events that make them both attractive and tasty to eat. Phytohormones play an
important role in fruit ripening. Treatment with ethylene is required for normal fruit ripening of
climacteric fruits. The fruit ripening can be controlled or delayed by physical methods such as
modified atmosphere by packaging, treatment with gamma irridiation, surface coating with sucrose
ester, etc. The treatments with phytohormones, reducing agents and 1-methylenecyclopropene
have also been successful in delaying fruit ripening. Molecular biology tools such as transgenic plants
with suppression of genes involved in ethylene synthesis or overexpression of genes for ethylene
degradation, virus-induced gene silencing and manipulation of transcription factors have been
successfully utilized for controlling or regulating fruits ripening. Fruits play a vital role in human
nutrition.

Non-climacteric Fruits & Vegetables:

Def:

"Non-climacteric fruits & vegetables once harvested do not ripen further.They produce very small amount of ethylene and
do not respond to ethylene treatment."

There is no characteristic increased rate of respiration or production of carbon dioxide. Non-climacteric,in which
respiration shows to dramatic change & ethylene production remains at a very low level.

Examples:

1. Orange,Mousambi,Kinnow
2. ,grapefruit,pomegrate,
3. blackberry,strawberry,
4. carambola,cashew,etc are the examples of non-climacteric fruits.

Management:

Fruits and vegetables production is an emrging horticulture sub-sector in sub-Sahara Africa despite the fact that almost
one third of the produced FV in lost before reaching the plate

.FV postharvest losses in SSA range from 30-80 percent,depending on crop.

Lack of post harvest management skills and tachnology such as temperature control to maintain the cold chain value
addition and packaging have causef several economic and food security set-backs among them are high levels of
poverty,hiden hunger and malnutrition.

References:

SHETTY,A.A.,Magadum,S.& Management K.(2017)

SIBOMANA; M.ZIENA LSCHMIDT AND WORKNEH(2019)
SIDDDIUI M. W Chakraborty Ayala ZavALa(2016)
Amborium .,K, L WORK AND AMANE(2019)