AgEn01 – Agricultural Meteorology, Irrigation and Drainage

2nd Semester, AY 2021-2022

Laboratory Exercise No. 2

Environmental Temperature and Agricultural Crop Production

Name: ANGELO B. VEJANO Date Submitted: May 1, 2022

Course and Year – Section: BAS 3F

I. Introduction
Environmental Temperature is the temperature at which an inanimate body of the same
shape and size as a given organism will come to equilibrium with its surroundings when placed
at the same point in space as the organism.
Temperature is a significant environmental component that influences plant growth and
development all around the world. For crop plants, low and high temperatures are the most
significant environmental stresses. Global climate change has increased the prevalence and
frequency of temperature extremes, making these stresses a key worry for plant scientists all
across the world.Temperature is a significant environmental component that influences growth
and development of plants. For crop plants, low and high temperatures are the most significant
environmental challenges. Global climate change has increased the prevalence and frequency
of temperature extremes, making these stresses a significant worry for protecting crops
throughout the world.

II. Learning Outcomes

1. Gather information on the biological characteristics and cultivation requirements and
practices of an important agricultural crop
2. Discuss the optimum environmental temperature and conditions for the particular
agricultural crop.

III. Methodology
This study uses an Internet-based research method, a method that uses the Internet
to collect data. It aims to know and appreciate the importance of agricultural crops.Make a
critical discussion on the cultivation requirements and systems of production .

IV. Result and Discussion

Rice is one of the most essential human crop production in the country, sustaining more
people than any other crop directly. According to Ricepedia,where about 90% of the world's rice
is produced and consumed.climate variability and climate change could drastically change
local environments, damage yields and influence the yield stability of staple crops. Weather
and climate have direct influence on cropping systems and plant yield .In accordance
with International Rice Research Institute ,approximately 3% of the world's rice is produced in
the Philippines. Understanding the factors that influence rice production is critical for present
and future food security. Crop production variations can be accounted for by endogenous
factors like genetics or exogenous factors like environmental temperature.Due to anthropogenic
climate change, which has the potential to radically alter local habitats, impair yields and affect
the yield stability of staple crops, the impact of climate is becoming essential.

Rice is a sickle-shaped annual grass with hollow culms and slender leaf blades. It has
terminal panicles with little acute to acuminate or two cleft ligules.In order to distinguish rice
plants from weeds, plant components must be identified. Rice plant growth can be divided into
three agronomic phases of development Vegetative, Reproductive and Grain filling and ripening
or maturation. The vegetative growth phase is defined by the following characteristics; plant
height is gradually increased through vigorous tillering with the sprouting of leaves at regular
intervals. The period of cultivar growth is mostly determined by this phase.The reproductive
phase is characterized by culm,lengthening, a reduction in the number of tillers, kicking flag leaf
emergence, heading, and flowering.The reproductive phase lasts around a month.Most cultivars
need 30 days to mature. And lastly the filling and ripening phase it follows ovarian fertilizationIt
is distinguished by grain growth.As time passes, the grain grows in size and weight.The culms'
starch and sugars are transferred.Once they have gathered on the leaf sheaths, the grain color
shifts from green to golden or straw.The rice plant's leaves begin to fade when it reaches
maturity. From germination to maturity, rice cultivars take between 105 and 145 days.
During flowering, high temperatures promote increased infertility. During grain filling, high
night temperatures cause higher respiration.Consequently, the plant consumes more carbs. This
decreases photosynthetic efficiency during the day, resulting in fewer plant spikelets. As a
result, grain yields are reduced. Greater pale seeds, a thicker core, and a thicker aleurone layer
result in lower crop rice yields.

V. Life-long Learnings
Rice crop management requires an understanding, knowledge, and identification of rice
growth stages. After completing this laboratory, I realized how difficult crop farming is; never
underestimate a farmer's task because it is never easy. They encounter numerous problems,
one of their mortal enemies is the environmental challenge, which they cannot control unless
they know how to respond to it. Every little seed is important.Rice provides energy to nearly half
of the world's population.

VI. References

PLoS One. (August 9, 2018).Climate variability impacts on rice production in the Philippines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6084865/

Moldenhauer K.(January 2021) Rice Growth and Development

https://www.uaex.uada.edu/publications/pdf/mp192/chapter-2-word.pdf

Hale, V. A. Saunders, J. P. Margham (2005) Environmental Temperature

https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/environmental+temperature