SSLGNMENT-#01

Vame o Sounav Saha

Reg Ne201733/o95
Suhjeet: Coputer Arohiteotme

Cowse Co de CSE-319
-1 Draa the. blaoh. diognam Son
IMalliphcalion Handoane

A
Version of Maluplioalion
Hardasane
mst

4
Matplicond
shift lest
6 bils

67-bit ALU MuHpie

Shft ght
32bits

Produat Condnol test

yhle
1 bits

Vensicn of the maltiplicalion handaae

Fiy Fns

Heae, he mulliplhcand negister ALUand

Product egis te ae all 1-brts Aide.dith
ony the mullip ie egiste Containg 32
bts T 32 bit multiplhcond slals in tke
 cand negster.and
Sight haf of the. mulipli shitt
issed bit on eaoh step
step. TRe
he
in the oppasife
maltiplieis shfled

dinectio ot
eack srep. he algo ni thn
he
duet ini tiahzed to O.
stats with the pAo shift the Multiplcord
Con tio decides ahen to
segisters and hen to
and Maltiplh en negiste.
dnife n e Valees
into the produet

hadine:
veRsion othe multiplh cation
Res ine d

Malkiphoond
32 bits

32-bit ALU

Pro daet Shiff ight Contiol

hite tast
61 bies

FigRefined version d the alliplnation hardane

 ith, the tinst veRSin,the
CompRing
egisten, ALU and Mullipher
Maltiphcaxd bits 4ide, i t h only
egiste al 32,
ane

lest a f 6y bits,. Nba,

the produot Register k Separa te
praduet is siftel aight
the disappeated.
"he
also
mutiplien egisten
insted in the ight haf
Patiphen placed
s
vhodr
hese ehagas
the peoduet ngister.
the afenenee
and-0'1375en
the nanbeas O'Bten
-1(i Add alganithn
add algoni thr.
in binany lesing
the. loafig point

AxD anmalize the

e have to
Sast
Al At
bo numbers.

So. 0'bien Rten

=ren
0 two
= a ltao X

/'000 two X2'

 -01375tn 6te

= -
0 Ollao

= -Ilk0ox2
No, Son addig these tesJo nwrbers e have
to Sa oco the binay floatiy po/nt addition
agonithrn
Sep-1
At Snst e have to shifl the signiie
of the namber ith the lese eponnt to
sit. ntiliks exporent matkhes the angen ranbse
Here hurben
Hene i l the les epoent is

-Ilen X2

-/'loX 2*2 = - 0 ll/tn 2R

Step-
No Awe have to add the signficands

(000anXe){(-0 /ltea X")

= 0 001toX 2
(Ara)
 >oute the bnay nepzesENtation o
-/m)
nam be 6325 asuning the
the decima
tisn fovmt.
EEE 75 Sin9/e pressi

A have to Convert 69 25 int

A Finst ie

binaly for this PRoees

263
3 (SB)
5
27
O(MsB)
63)-(111)
25
X2
50
SB) Ioa
(0 25) - (0 o)
(63251 = (IW| 0)
 have to nounalize the nam ber
Naw, we.

11|I 0l 2
=lllI|o/lyx2"
Heae
sign = O (pasitive nwrbe)
gonnt =5 (madjusted

an tissa= /|||it o/ (not n@Rmaliee

n 8bit e x e e s biaa
Hene h e eponent
be adjuste then
and the
notation has to
to 8 bit binay
Convetted
Lponent(abjiusted=KApment (anasjastedtR

2-1) =5t)
- (132) 1

No 2 TO
sB)
33

(MSB)
(132) = (loo3 o 1 0 o)a (acdjasted)
 No to Nonmaize mantisa, s i e have to
Renovethe leadeo(the leflmast) bit Sinee

iks aloaxs Zhen adjust its length to 83

Nambe d
bids by adig the nece ssary

zaas to the sight:

MantissaoRma lizcd='|lIl|ol
Oo00 00000 000 Od00
Go0000 000
lI||010 000o 00

that makes p the

e thee eknent
prechsion EEE
£ E 759
nambens32 bit
single
precisiom rEPaesentation
binasy Floabing pont+
=o(pasi tve nwnber)
Sgn( bid)
1000 0l0o
porent (86ibs)=
Mantissa (23 6its)= l1lio10000 00000o0o00
00

So Bina epresentation, 6 3 2 5
in AEEE 5
75

Sngle pe cisin SoRmat

Ol0o0 O/0o ||I 10/ 0000 oo00 o000 0000

-2Sppase 4e have two inplementatioas
the same insthactiorn set rehiteatne-

e/oo eyee time di

Computer A has a

for same
PS ad CPA of
2 o
250 ps
and Corputer B has a eloo4
PRggans.
Cle time o 5o0 ps ad a P af

prgnam Nhioh Corputen

ypute

2 the
for the sane

is faste fon this prggnam a d by hoc

nue h

AnsHee as the bo th eopaters have

Hne
a m e SA. eaoh
o ther ere0utes the
same nunben d IRstnactiozs JorThe PRagnam
Assame. this is C. Sa the nenben of
PRocessor elook eyele Jon each Conpaten

CPU. elook eelas = TX20

QPU clook eyelesg x/2
DYe kno
eyolas, x Qlook oyele tine
tme, = CPU Clck
CPU

L X 2 ' 0 X L50 Ps
.CPU time, =

ine= x 2 X 500 Rs
.'.CPU timeg
= 60 oX es

Olealy. eoarpute A
is e
Saste hene. he
anount faste is gien by exeeu tia émes.
b7
CPU pedOUeneeA xeeution Umeg
PU pedaencep xecutiom timeA
600X Ps
500XCs
=|2
that Conpute H ks
Qan Qan say
12 times fasfe than Computer B.
- 3 Ben Baiesdeseibe the sters that
tnansfoRm a Progam initen in a high-leve
into a nepnesentatio
layguage such as
executed b7
by erpate
that is dinecl!y
pOeesSOR

A
Mam/y two
main Sysis em
hene
hene QNe

high eve latguage

onvext a
Sof tawanes to
maehme langugge hieh ean
lide e Into
Conpuder pRoc essoR hey
exeeuted bya
be
be
assenblers.
Qe Compi/ens and

tnansfoR high eve language

he
he Conpiler
and the
paogRams into assenbly axgu ge

aSsenbler tlonssor asenbly anguage jnto

binaly machi ene anguage prnogram (MTPs)

ee fo/ouing steps e Skeeuled to

taonsfe a high-/evel language pRagRam

m to mochine lang ueye
Consisted of bwond
High eve/ laguqge
) aond
natations. &aek
h d algebaie
pAgro for nslanee
nstanece
in ahigh level language
eonputer lanyuage in
e s efered in
i

and s binny Qode

0s
in a high leve/ languaye
i)Ainstauetions mnemnie, follows
is divided into Operations.

by a se? of operatoas b a
Compiler
by a

Ronpier eonveais high level

i ASlen he
language into asenbl larguage assemble
2onvents this Codes.
langaage into binay eades

he follong
he eprple demons hafe
the steps Convedi high level lavnguage
Lo poeessoR execufable lavgaage.
 Swap int vt3. int4)
Hi9h-avel
languoge int tem
Plagnomn e) tepp =v i :
v t i ) = emp ;

3
Conpilers

Rssenbb languye StWaP

malti 2-`51
Pnoga add
6Sor P s E15, o (É2)
6
CA
1 6 oGSS
5,4 |2)
15

Assenbler)
inany Machene 000000 00 lolooolo 0060000/ oaoll00o
o00000 00 loodoolo 000/0000 0ojO00o |
|langugge. PrggRam I0oo o 1 lloo0 l6 00006000 oo0000 00
SOn MCRS 000 11|o

16a l1|O
000/00 10 d 0 00d0 0o 00000000

00/00/O o0 00dd 00 0000000o

olo 1o| 1110001o Og00 d000 0od0 doro
o 000 00 1 11la o00 00 Og060000 O000/o00
 o the trends in deviee
10Aecodng
obseved by Mopres Kao
Sealing istaically
tnansis tors On a Chip in
unbe d
the the
be hoa many times
2025 shoald
namber n &0/o2

A
illstra fas that. intgyaale
Modres lau
law
months
Qincurt esomees doab/e evey 18-2

Hene
No of on ths =
(20 26-20/0)*/R
=15X/2
= 180

Best ease
A best Qase in tegrated
Cincuit ESTWCE3s double every 13 months

130/18) ne
Number of tnansistors shoulA be = 2/18) nes
- tmes
= 1029 times
NRSt Case

ALRst Case he mtegiafed

IRCait nesoUrCes touble venY months

tRansislazsshoukd he=2 (190/214imes

Namber of Lines
8 O/9 times
1 8 / times

Aven age Case

At avage ease, the ntenaled

incuit EsoRees doable e v (18 t2)/2
monks OR 2months

Number of tonsIs tons shoald be =

(9/2)ti
=
s 571 inS

=330 3 times
3 80 times
-1))hat is SA ? Desnibe the MLRs
ns tae tion FOumat usig a dignan Please
mention the Fields and Field size Sar
R-pe Llpe and tye instructions

A
lachitee tare (A)
2SA: nuction Set
is abs taot mode/ of
a Conputa. An
an

benavioun a naohine
SA speeisjes the
irplemontatins of that
Qode unning g
naning
ina Sashia Zhat does net deperd on
of that inplementation,
| the eharacfaisties
Compatibi liy betaeen
Paroe paovi ding bnaly
instnuetions inpe mentation.

MRS instauctions have the folocing

ehaRacter istlas.
) AD M1CRS ae encoded n
binay.
bina
instoetions 3 2 bi s
i) AlU MTRS ame

ong
i)Rere me 3 nstluctio n ategories
R-SoRmat (mast Cammon. T-Sonsnat. J.Savnak
 v) All mstRactions have
opopode): speciies the. apeaion (Smst bid)

Name Fields Comments

Field
6bits Bbis bik Bbits|5hit 6his A MCRS insttuet1onss
Size QNe 32 bits long

futOP Rs at rd shandSanet nithnatie isctnuction

Sonat
Fomat

Somat P s ntadaess/nteuri
ate
hinsfen , btaneh, imribnmat

taget akress Jrp instRuetion Fonat

J
omat OP

Here
ns kst EJhster apeandegisleR Soure)
bits)
atAnd egister oPnand (Eits)

rd: negisten destinatin (5bits

biks
Sham: shst amount (0 shen NA) (5
speoisie
Sonet Suretion eooe iden/Sies
R-Sopmat instnactieny (6i
nediale value of offse t (IG bs)
im
F n c d out the decimal eguivalnf of
ing-point binany nambe
the fol/owmng Slocating

| T o I ¢ lo||0o Ooóo O000 0000 O000 do0o

A
bi? is ath bit leftas
Hee the ightmast
Hee to EEE-761
to LEEE-761
is the e t 3/h bit. Aeconding
bit represenks Sgn bit
Convention 3/th
part and
the eporent
2 3 - 3 0 NEpresents

the antiss a part

est e pre sent
Bia
S 0 (Pasitive namben
Sponent (0/| 1Iio),

Snee tion = /*2'

= (0 5)1
LE-75y, the decima
Aeeondng ts
agtion Jx 2 e t Bias)
euivalent aoill be XU+ -

= 1)'*/tos) x 2R6-129

= () a 5) x2
= -

0 75
Am
-5/he eighf gneat ideas m Coputer
SeIenee ehitectne e like idea Sno
othe Sie/ds . Mateh eght idea Sror
Qompute ehiteetune," Design Son Moores
aa "Use Abstnaetion lo sipli
Desikn Make the ommon Case JiRst "
""Peajonmanee
via pmallelis m
Pe Sonanee
edietwn
Pipe linig", "Per foamenee
Via
via
and Dependabiiy
Hienanchy af Mengies
ideas
Via Re danden e
'
to the Solloaing

non ether Jie/ds .

Assenbly lnes in auto robile onufactnig»

A
PesoRmenee via Pipe line

3 Suspension bidge eables,

Dependeney via ae dundeney
Ss tens
and Manune. Navigatvo
Aincaaf ind indonnation
that ineanpoRate
Pertomnee via predie tion
 DEpness elevators in buidings
-

Make the Conmmon ease Sinst

Eikaony baoh Desetvation des

-Hienaohy of Memonies.
- What is the. assenb/y apguage sladorent
Conssp ondag to this machine instnaetion?
O0 af 8ORO hex.

Arm haye to Qonver{ the

At Sirs se
hade eimal to binay fo Sinc theiR Op-fields

so20), (0o00 10/0 1 lo00 goo0 o0/g 0000

(coas =
O000

3
Here nght mast bit is oth
bit and subsequently
letnast bil is 3hst bit.

So,
bils 3 - 2 9 ane do o0

biks 28-26 ane 00 0

Aecordny to the table. its an R-foRmat

ns taaetion
No e hove t6 binaly
esoRmat the binany
Sie ls.
nstnue tion to R-Sawrat
aP S t hamt Snct
oli| 000 00000 0000 0
O0lo

Here
bits 5-3 n e 00 nd bits 2-0 ane d0d
shich means this bina patan epresen ks
a n add Isteaetion

to decode Zhe est h e

Nas,&oe have
at the Sield values
instauction by looing
va/uese 5 foSt the s Sield
e eema is Cnased)
Sies d 16 Son d (\shant
I5 Son the nt
Qoven tion
MCRS NegisteR
Heeanding to
mambens p e present
Jegisters Sal
these
these
i 7 and s

No the asembly nstuetion is,

add s - fal, $t77
a - 7 n the Sollow g9 Code sggment fJ,h,

ad ne vaniables. Ly {he Sive

Comaspond to the
vaniables f thnough j
Es 1 ohat is tk
Sive negistns $o hough if
this if
aode fon
Corpiled MTPS
stafemen t ?
fi=)F-gth

else

Ans Slowohart elokoales

Lshat
he Solloci
ehiteetne hoald do
should do:
MLRs

i==j?

S-9t

Eit
 Hene, the jikst epression Coypanes Son eualit
heneh e. s/ould Aant he btareh iN AgAsts
Ce equa instaacdor(beg). he Code be comas
mone efientif test for oppasite lanmstor
4e

7he Ge Zhat pefavrRs the

to baaheh aveR

Stbsequent th pant d the a

e t h e brareh FneisYas ae ot eguo/
instoacfin(bne)
9o to Ese i#
bne f s 3. Ésy Eee

e next assign nent stateme

petonras

a sile opRation, and i all the operand

allaeated to gistes it s jast ome
e

Ihstnaetisn
add s O . A E Z #Sgih(cAitped f i

to go to the d of the
He n need
"is ecapk n oduces
istatement.

tional bRanehhis J sThuedio saxs

ncon di
that the plocessoR a/uas fol/ocas the
bunch. o dis tiagaish betaee Concitienal
and oncon di tiona/ branehes Zhe 17LPS Name
d instRae tin is mp
Sn this type
abbrivaled asj.
tso to i t
it

slate med in the

ihe
assignnet
Zhe if state ment
potion of
ese 12stRuction
ta a Sing/e
again be Canpiled
the label Else
need to append
We just
Ye a/sShoo the
to this estouc tion this
this instracton
aflen
label t that s
i-then-eksee
f end t h e
sloaing the
Corpiled Qo de

S-3-h(sApped fis
Elsesub sto. ssl$s2

Ei