Table 40.

1 Development of the brain

Primary vesicle Region Structure

40 Brain
Prosencephalon Telencephalon (cerebrum) Cerebral cortex, white matter, and basal ganglia
(forebrain) Diencephalon Epithalamus (pineal), dorsal thalamus, subthalamus, and hypothalamus

Neural Mesencephalon (midbrain)* Tectum, tegmentum, and cerebral peduncles

tube Cerebellum Cerebellar cortex, nuclei, and peduncles
Rhombencephalon Metencephalon
Pons*
(hindbrain) Nuclei and fiber tracts
Myelencephalon Medulla oblongata*
* The mesencephalon, pons, and medulla oblongata are collectively known as the brainstem.

Fig. 40.5 Embry onic development of the brain

Left lateral view.

Cervical flexure

Medulla Insula
Cranial oblongata
flexure Pons Pons
Optic Medulla
cup oblongata
Telodien-
A Start of 2nd month. cephalic C 3rd mont h of development.
sulcus
Insula

Pituitary Eye
primordium
Mammillary Pons Medulla
Olfactory bulb
tubercle oblongata

B End of 2nd month. D 7th mont h.

Fig. 40.6 Adult brain

See Fig. 40.12 for lobes of the cerebrum. CN, cranial nerve.

Central sulcus Frontal Longitudinal cerebral

Precentral Postcentral lobe fissure
gyrus gyrus

Frontal Olfactory n.
lobe (CN I)
Optic n. (CN II)
Occipital Hypophysis
Lateral sulcus lobe
Temporal
Temporal lobe Pons
Pons
lobe
Medulla Cerebellum
oblongata Medulla
oblongata
Cingulate gyrus
A Left lateral view.
Cerebellum

Cervical cord

Pineal B Basal view.

Corpus
callosum

Hypothalamus Occipital
lobe
Hypophysis
Pons
C Midsagit tal section showing the right
hemisphere. Medulla oblongata Cerebellum 625

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