2019 IEEE 3rd Information Technology,Networking,Electronic and Automation Control Conference (ITNEC 2019)

Research on Charging Control System of Electric

Vehicle Based on MATLAB
Xiaohan Ge1,2
1. Sanmenxia Vocational and Technical College, Henan Province, China
2. College of Applied Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology Sanmenxia㸪china
gxhde@163.com
Abstract—Large-scale network has the characteristics of
complex system, and its survivability is different from simple II. General Principle and Mathematical Model of the
network. The current network survivability studies usually only System
aim for a specific network level or type, and seldom investigate
survivability from a system perspective. In this paper, the A. The working principle of the system
concept of large-scale network survivability is defined from the The main control variables of this system are charging
perspective of complex system, the survivability association is current, voltage and temperature. As can be seen from Figure
analyzed based upon the correlation characteristics of complex 1, the actuators are mainly signal detection and processing
system, and the structural model of large-scale network circuit, PWM control driver and display module, etc. Through
survivability association is established and its properties are the detection circuit to monitor current and voltage signals, the
analyzed. On the basis of survivability association properties, the
controller outputs PWM signals after analysis and calculation
survivability association function is defined based upon set pair
analysis theory, which is utilized to characterize the survivability
according to the internal preset algorithm, and controls the
association degree among subsystems in large-scale network. voltage and current regulation of the charging main circuit by
Finally, the effectiveness of the model proposed in this paper is the driving circuit. When a fault occurs, the electric vehicle
validated through case study. can achieve a smooth charging operation without
overcharging or battery damage. Appearance. Stop output.
Keywords—Fuzzy PID; Charging Current; MATLAB;
Communication
I. INTRODUCTION module
Electric vehicles have been widely used to achieve zero
emission of exhaust gases in driving. The batteries of modern 3URWHFWLRQ
VLJQDO
electric vehicles are mainly lead-acid batteries and lithium FLUFXLW
SURFHVVLQJ
batteries. Generally, constant voltage and current charging PRGXOH
FLUFXLW /3&
methods are adopted[1]. However, the battery system has non-
linear characteristics, and the classical PID control can not FRQWUROOHU 'ULYLQJ
$X[LOLDU\
meet the requirements. The charge control adopts the modified FLUFXLW
SRZHUPRGXOH
PID control, which basically satisfies the charge process PRGXOH
control[2]. However, the changes of battery voltage, resistance
and related parameters during charging process are not /('GLVSOD\
considered. Vector control of charging process can better PRGXOH
realize charging process control, but the control structure is
complex[3]. Considering the complexity of the charging Fig. 1 Functional structure diagram of controller
process and the non-linearity and multi-parameters of the
battery, the conventional PID control strategy can not achieve B. Establishment of Voltage and Current Model
the optimal charging curve. Fuzzy adaptive control can adapt The battery is a non-linear system with complex changes.
to the nonlinearity and hysteresis of the control object, and has Generally, the power circuit and the storage battery are taken
high robustness. The realization method is to add a fuzzy as the controlled object together, which is equivalent to the
controller based on the conventional PID, take the deviation of series structure of capacitor and resistance[5].
the optimal response and the actual response of the system as
the control objective, take the error and error rate of charging
L i
voltage or current as input, and use fuzzy reasoning to correct
the parameters of the PID, so as to ensure good static and
dynamic performance in operation. Yes,[4]. survivability
Ui Uo
association structure. Section 3 establishes large-scale network
survivability association function based upon PSA theory, and
performs case study. Finally, Section 4 concludes the paper
and points out further work. Figure 2 Charging circuit equivalent model diagram
Main circuit voltage balance equation:

978-1-5386-6243-4/19/$31.00 ©2019 IEEE 1985

 two-input-three-output fuzzy controller can be established.
di(t ) 1
L  ³ i(t )dt  i(t ) ui (t )  Fuzzy
dt C controller
The voltage transfer function is obtained by Laplace
Kp Ki Kd
transform:
+
input
U O (S ) 1  RCS e
G( S ) Controlled output
U i (S ) LCS 2  RCS  1  -
PID controller
object
de/dt
Current loop transfer function: HF

I (S ) CS
G( S ) 
U i (S ) LCS  RCS  1
2
Fig. 5 Principle block diagram of fuzzy PID controller
Considering the delay link, the system transfer function
can be regarded as having delay. T is the lag time. The voltage B. Subprogram flow of fuzzy PID control
and current structures are shown in Figures 3 and 4. Fuzzy PID programming is carried out. In industrial
applications, the parameters of fuzzy adaptive tuning PID can
U g (s)  Voltage U i (s) 1  RCS U o (s) be adjusted online. Programming in C language will be very
complicated. According to the design of the fuzzy adaptive
e
regulator L  RCS  1
LCS 2
 PID control system, the simulation program of the fuzzy
controller can be stored in the memory of the controller. Error
and error rate are used as input to correct the values of Kp, Ki
e T1s and Kd. The system flow chart is shown in Figure 6.
According to the three parameters of fuzzy adaptive output,
Figure 3 Voltage Loop Control Architecture the calculation formula of output control parameters can be
obtained.
I g(s ) I i (s ) I o (s )
Current ᇞu(n)=Kp*[e(n)-e(n-1)]+Ki*e(n)+Kd*[e(n)-2e(n-1)+e(n-2)]
regulator
 e (6)
Calculate voltage error HQ XJQXQ
T2 s
e Memory look-up
Calculating Error HFQ HQHQ table
Conversion Rate
Figure 4 Current Loop Control Architecture Calculated
Read current .Sÿǃ.Lÿǃ.Gÿ correction value
Charging control system belongs to the second-order
system with hysteresis. The open-loop transfer function of Calculated corrected .Sÿǃ.Lÿǃ.Gÿ
voltage and current is:
ƸXQ .S >HQHQ@.L HQ.G >HQHQHQ
U O (S ) 1  RCS T S
G( S ) e 1 ˄4˅
U i (S ) LCS  RCS  1
2
Fuzzy PID output

I (S ) CS T S End
G( S ) e 2
U i (S ) LCS  RCS  1
2
˄5˅ Fig. 6 Fuzzy PID control flow chart
C is the ability of power battery to withstand charging
current, R is the internal resistance of battery, T1 and T2 are IV. SYSTEM SIMULATION BASED ON MATLAB
the delay time.
A. Design of Fuzzy PID Controller Based on MATLAB
III. DESIGN OF FUZZY-PID CONTROL Fuzzy command is run in the MATLAB window, and the
simulation module of the fuzzy controller is called out. The
A. Fuzzy PID controller fuzzy adaptive PID controller is designed by using the fuzzy
Traditional PID control can not meet the requirements, so control toolbox of matlab. Taking the current control link as
the fuzzy PID control algorithm combined with PID and fuzzy an example, the input is the error e of the current and the error
control is adopted. This design takes the current as the core change rate ec, and the output is the three setting values Kp,
control object and designs the current fuzzy controller. The Ki and Kd of the PID. Establish the model as shown in Figure
input is the error e of the current and the error rate ec. The 7.
output is the control parameters Kp, Ki and Kd of PID, so a
Secondly, the fields of error E and error change rate EC
and Kp, Ki and Kd are {6,6} and the corresponding sets of

1986
fuzzy languages are {NB, NM, NS, ZO, PS, PM, PB}. A Figure 11 Ki membership function
simple and efficient trigonometric function is selected as the
output variable. The membership functions of E, EC, Kp, Ki
and Kd are shown in figs. 8 to 14.



Figure 7 Structure of simulation model
Figure 12 Kd membership function
The spatial graph of control rules between Kp, Ki, Kd
and e, EC is shown in Figure 13.


Fig. 13 control rules
Figure 8 E Membership Function
Finally, the ambiguity is solved. The output is the revised
value of the PID parameter, as shown in Figure 14. The fuzzy
rule table of input quantity is established, 49 rules are selected,
and the mo.FIS file is finally generated. Finally, the file is
exported to the workplace workroom for simulation call[7].

Figure 9 EC membership function


Fig. 14 ambiguity resolution
Figure 10 Kp membership function
B. System simulation based on current loop
Taking the current loop as an example, the simulation
model is built on the platform of matlab. As shown in Fig. 11,
the simulation model is divided into two parts, the upper one
is a simulation model with a fuzzy PID controller, and the
lower one is a general PID controller model. The capacitance
is 1000F, the resistance is 0.015 ohm and the inductance is 0.1
hen. T = RC = 0.01; transfer function is:

1987
 㸦6㸧
Fig.15 System simulation model
In the simulation, the current is not too large, given the
current value of 12A, under the interference of small signal.
The proportion coefficient is 0.01, the differential coefficient
is 1, the integral coefficient is 0.00001, and the decision-
making factors are 0.15, 0.001 and 0.1. The delay link time
constant T is 0.01.
The current simulation waveform is shown in Figure 16.
From the waveform, the stability and dynamic performance of
the fuzzy PID are greatly improved, and the system overshoot
is also small. The system has strong anti-jamming
performance.
Figure 12 Current loop control waveform
V. CONCLUSIONS
The DC charging control system of electric vehicle is
studied. Combining with classical empty PID, the charging
system is controlled by using fuzzy PID control algorithm.
The simulation model is established by MATLAB, and the
simulation results show that the fuzzy PID control has small
overshoot, adjusting time and fast dynamic response. The
1988
system has good control effect on DC charging process, can
ensure the smooth charging process, and can prevent battery
damage caused by overshoot.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This work was supported by key research projects of
Science and Technology Research Project of Henan
Science and Technology Department No.182102210479
and Technical Service Item Number of Sanmenxia
Vocational and Technical College No.SZY-2017-042.
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