Data Analysis Project-PA1

Lebanese University
Faculty of Economics
and Business Administration
Branch: 1st branch Hadath
Data Analysis
Role of Social Media Platform in Spreading Panic

During COVID-19
Prepared by
Firas Ayash20205016
Kristina Kassamany2021
Mirna Zaki20215115
Presented to
Dr. Ali El Moussawi
Data Analysis – COVID19 Project Fall 2020 – 2021 – Lebanese University
Acknowledgements
The fulfillment feeling of Success makes the achievement worth the efforts paid. Such
success can only be met with the support, encouragement, and guiding of the
surrounding. Therefore, many thanks go to our families especially our partners (spouses)
and even children who dedicated support, and time, in our challenge to go through the
study on the expense of our family time.
We would like to thank the Lebanese university for all the effort made to follow
up with students through distance learning due to the lockdown.
Special thanks go to my supervisor Dr. Ali Al Mousawi who was always
supportive and providing guidance and corrective feedback that improved our work on
this project. Paving the way to our Thesis in terms of “form” and “techniques of
research”.
I would also like to thank all the respondents who spared time to support me
through filling the questionnaire, along with this study.
Thank you…
pg. 1
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the role of Social Media in causing panic
during Covid-19. For this sake, some relevant indicator was highlighted showing how
they could lead to panic or have correlation with other indicators in junction with the
psychological states of people. These states impact people with frightening, insecurity,
and the void of uncertainty… as a result instinctive practices and reactions could be
recorded throughout the pandemic driving people towards accepting fake news, and
acting accordingly, instead of applying higher weights on ration, in actions like
considering medical and expert scientific records. This approach by people was also
tested through the study. The study has a special relevance that it is analyzing a crisis that
is currently still striking, with no tangible horizon of its end. Moreover, this study has a
special significance, since it studies a soft human nature which is “panic” and the
resulting implications that is unhealthily diverting standards and norms nowadays. In this
scope we conclude the study by suggesting recommendations that shed light on the
responsibilities of different parties. The methods used in this research is data collecting
tools through distribution of a questionnaire over a sample of 54 respondents selected
from the Lebanese University – 1st Branch, Hadath.
pg. 2
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements..............................................................................................................2
Abstract................................................................................................................................3
Literature Review................................................................................................................5
Hypothesis:..........................................................................................................................7
Methods...............................................................................................................................7
Sample..............................................................................................................................7
Measures..........................................................................................................................8
Design..............................................................................................................................8
Procedures......................................................................................................................10
Results................................................................................................................................12
Conclusions........................................................................................................................18
Recommendations..............................................................................................................19
Tables.................................................................................................................................20
Figures...............................................................................................................................36
References..........................................................................................................................39
Appendices (The Questionnaire).......................................................................................40
pg. 3
Role of Social Media Platform in Spreading Panic during

COVID-19
This study is performed to study “Role of Social Media Platforms in Spreading
Panic during Covid-19”. The interesting fact about this study is that it’s a shared
experience by everyone that is urging us to change our behaviors, practices, and lifestyle.
The real image behind this dramatic change cannot be fully assessed currently as it is still
a moving pandemic with no boundaries of its lifespan.
The main problem that this study highlights is the involvement and role of social
media platforms in spreading panic among students during covid-19. There are several
studies that investigated the role of social media platforms impact and influence during
covid-19 without measuring the relation between these platforms and spreading panic.
To be more specific in such an interrelated complex pandemic, we zoomed in and
considered only the role and effect of S.M in spreading Panic.
The data collecting tool was adopted in this research through developing a survey
and retrieving the output into SPSS. We considered different test to meet different
corners of the subject. Our orientation in this study is to come up with meaningful
conclusion propose our recommendations to better face this pandemic.
Literature Review
Many previous studies were conducted about the role of social media platforms in
different issues including the role in spreading panic during Covid-19.
pg. 4
As for a study conducted by [CITATION Rad \l 1033 ], social media played an important
role in spreading panic during the Covid-19 among students impacting negatively on their
psychological and mental health. This study focus on the involvement of social media
platforms in the rapid spread of fake news, false information and rumors which was
directly increasing the depression rates and exposing students to great fear.
Another study conducted by [ CITATION Ham20 \l 1033 ] examined the impact of social
media platforms during the Covid-19 pandemic. Due to the high number of reports and
information posted about Covid-19, it was considered the first social media infodemic.
However, the study notes that there is no evidence that this infodemic spread panic that
increased the fear and depression due to fake news. The location of this study was in Iraqi
Kurdstan where a total of 516 social media users were sampled. The collected data were
analyzed through SPSS and find that Facebook is the most used social platform in
spreading information about Covid-19. Moreover, the finding shows that the majority of
young aged students are facing psychological fear and depression.
According to [ CITATION Sah20 \l 1033 ], the world was exposed to a health threat from
the rapid spread of Covid-19. The quick spread of the epidemic virus increase the
pressure of different sectors including the economic, social, and health. The increase of
the risks was related to the lack of awareness, knowledge, and preparedness of the society
to face such a health crisis. Social media platforms were used as a source for information
which generates both positive and negative impact on the mental and psychological
health. When social media platforms were used as a tool to inform people about true
information from trusted source, it was promoting the wellbeing of the individual.
pg. 5
However, when it was used to send fake news and false information, it was spreading
panic and increasing the rates of depression mainly among students.
A study conducted by [ CITATION Gon20 \l 1033 ] demonstrated the social media
influence in the covid-19 pandemic since it is easy and inexpensive to access information.
Social media platforms facilitate the communication between people especially in an
event such as the covid-19 reducing isolation and become a source for information about
the causes, impacts and treatment of the pandemic. Although there is several advantages
for social media platforms, there are also a number of disadvantages such as possibility
that transmitted information is not valid, incorrect or not relevant to all the countries.
Add to that, the information transmitted through social media platforms are overstated
based on some fake news that increases the feeling of fear and depression.
A study conducted by [ CITATION Maj20 \l 1033 ] investigated the role of social media
platforms in spreading fear and depression among employees during covid-19. The
increase of the use of the social media platform in the pandemic covid-19 increased the
mental health and the spread of fear and depression due to the fast spread of fake news.
Different tests were conducted to examine the relation between social media platforms
and the spread of fear and depression feeling including factor analysis and correlation
analysis to test the hypothesis. The findings show that excessive use of social media
during COVID-19 is related to fear of COVID-19 among employees, and that fear of
COVID-19 is associated with depression.
pg. 6
Hypothesis:
H1: H1: there is a significant Difference of spreading fear between social media
platforms
H2: H1: there is a significant relatedness between age and high depression due to
searching social media platforms about covid-19.
H3: H1: Time spent on Social media differs before COVI19 and during COVID 19
H4: H0: No significant difference between the platforms
H5: Acquiring medical awareness and information about COVID varies depends on
gender and major
Methods
Sample
The questionnaire will be distributed through Google form over a sample of 54
students selected from the Lebanese University Hadath Branch.
We used a non-probability convenience sampling technique for data collection as
the total population of students individuals in Lebanese University Hadath Branch. The
authors collected the email addresses of students in different departments through
personal contacts and university official websites.
Measures
The main variables are:
- Demographic Variables: Gender, Age, Major in the university.
- Most used social media platforms in Lebanon.
pg. 7
- Fake news
- High Depression
- Experience great fear
- Platform blocking fake news
First, a descriptive statistic will be shown to show the frequency distribution,
means, and standard deviation of: Age, Gender, Major, and Medical Awareness.
Then, different tests will be used including One Way ANOVA, Paired T-Test, Chi-
square goodness of fit, factor analysis & Regression, and 2 way ANOVA
Design
H1: H1: there is a significant Difference of spreading fear between social media
platforms
Q: Rate from 0 to 100 your fear and frighten from covid 19
Q: What social media platforms do you rely on to find out what's going on about the
Coronavirus?
□WhatsApp □Facebook □Instagram □Telegram □Twitter
Test: 1 way ANOVA
H2: H1: there is a significant relationship between age and high depression due to
searching social media platforms about covid-19.
Q: Age -> number (Quantitave)
Q: You are experiencing psychological impacts related to social practices to avoid covid
Strongly agree □Agree □Neutral □Disagree □Strongly disagree
Test: Correlation
pg. 8
H3: H1: Time spent on Social media differs before COVI19 and during COVID 19
Q. How many hours you spend on Social media approximately before corona Virus
Q. How Many hours you spend on Social Media approximately after corona Virus
Test: Paired T-test
H4: H0: no significance difference between the platforms

Q. In your opinion, which platform is mostly blocking fake news about COVID?
Test: chisquare-goodness of fit
:Dependent Y
Rate from 0 to 100 your fear and frighten from covid 19
:Independent (likert-agree)
Q. You watch tv to follow news and updates about covid19
Q. You use social media to follow news and updates about covid 19
Q. You only use trusted sources and websites to get information about covid
Q. You read medical and scientific articles about covid
Q. You have serious medical problems which can make covid more dangerous to u
Q. You have relatives or friends who are dead or hardly affected by covid
Modulation: factor analysis to the 6 independent variables
Then
Multiple regression analysis
H5: acquiring medical awareness and information about covid varies depends on
gender and major
major
gender
from 0 to 100, how much you benefited from social media in getting information and
medical awareness about covid
test: 2-way ANOVA
pg. 9
Procedures
After the collection of the data based on the distributed questionnaire, data was
entered to SPSS through variable view (Table 1) and generate the data through data view
in (Table 2).
Then, descriptive analysis was generated for 2 quantitative variables and 2
qualitative variables as follows:
Descriptive Analysis: Quantitative
We will interpret 2 quantitative variables (Table 3):
• Age
• Medical awareness measure (From 0 to 100, how much you benefited from social
media in getting information and medical awareness about Covid-19)
As for the 1st qualitative Variable (Nominal) (Figure 1).
- Social Media Platform
(what social media platform do you rely on to find out what's going on about
coronavirus).
The 2nd qualitative Variable consists of:
Major in LU (Nominal) (Figure 2).
Major in the Lebanese University:
 Faculty of Public Health

 Faculty of Engineering
 Faculty of Science
 Faculty of Technology
 Faculty of economic and business-
- Faculty of fine arts and architecture
pg. 10
Tests Performed:
• Inferential Test
1- way ANOVA
1 qualitative with 5 categories
1 quantitative
Correlation
Hypothesis 2: There is a significant relationship between age and high depression due to
social practices caused by covid-19.
Ho: No significant Relation between age and depression due to social practice; R=0
H1: There is a significant relation between age and depression due to social practice; R≠0
Paired T-test
Between 2 quantitative variables
Test Chi-square-goodness of fit
1 qualitative variable we use chi-square goodness of fit
H0: No significant difference between the platforms
H1: there’s a significant difference between the platforms
• Modulation Techniques
Factor analysis to the 6 independent variables Then Multiple regression analysis
pg. 11
• Advance Statistical Technique
We can proceed with Linear Regression without Component 2 = Trusted sources of

Information
New Model:
Y=Constant+ B1Not_Trusted
=> Y=17.620+13.630 NT
H5: Acquiring medical awareness and information about COVID varies depending on
gender and major
• H0a: Major has no effect on benefitting from social media to get information and
medical awareness on Covid-19 (M1= M2= M3 = M4 = M5)
• H0b: Gender Has no Effect on benefitting from social media to get information
and medical awareness on Covid-19 (M1= M2)
• H0c: Interaction Major and gender has no effect on benefit from social media to
get information and medical awareness about covid19
pg. 12
Results
I. The results for the descriptive Statistics consists two quantitative
variables and two qualitative variables.
a. Two Quantitative variables
The results of the descriptive statistics for the quantitative variable “Age” (Table 1) show
that:
Mean age is approximately 27
Confidence interval of Age: 95% between lower and upper bound [25.7;28.39]
5% Trimmed mean of Age: we trimmed 5 % of Max and Min to reach 26.75 near 27
(If the value of the 5% trimmed mean is very different from the mean, this indicates
that there are some outliers)
Median for Age is 26: which splits the distribution of age 50% are below 26 and 50%
are above 26
Standard Deviation for age is 6.040 which is the distance between variables as
compared to the mean
Variance for age is 36.478
The results of the descriptive statistics for the quantitative variable (From 0 to 100, how
much you benefited from social media in getting information and medical awareness
about Covid-19) (Table 1) show that:
Mean Average how much you benefited from social Media to get medical awareness
is 70.41
Confidence interval of medical awareness: 95% between lower and upper bound
[66.19;74.63]
5% Trimmed mean: we trim 5 % of Max and Min to reach 71.78
Median is 70 :which splits the distribution of benefit of social media 50% are below
70 and 50% are above 70
Standard Deviation for positiveness of Social Media is 18.969 which is the distance
between variables as compared to the mean
Variance is 359.815
pg. 13
b. Two Qualitative variables
The results in (Table 4) shows the frequencies for the 1st qualitative Variable (Nominal)
- Social Media Platform
Base on the histogram (Figure 1), Facebook frequency = 21 it means that is mostly used
to share news about COVID19
Mode = 2 which is the highest repeated value
- Major in LU
The results of the 2nd qualitative Variable Major in LU (Nominal) shown in (Figure 3)
The mode shows that the biggest portion of the pie is represented by “faculty of
Economics and Business” and this is logical since most of the responses came from this
faculty.
Referring to (Table 5) the Frequency= 35 (represents 64.9%) and the mode = 1 most
repeated value (label).
From ANOVA (Table 6):
The results show that P-value=0.335>0.05 which means accept H0, thus, no significant
difference between social media platform in spreading fear.
No need to check post-hoc (Table 7) Note: Facebook has the highest mean between all
platforms -> Most considered one
From Correlations (Table 8)
P-value=0.001<0.05
 Reject H0
 there’s a significant relation between age and depression due to social practice
 Pearson Correlation (R)=0.433, there’s a positive moderate relation.
So As age increases the depression due to social practice increases.
pg. 14
R<0.2  Négligeable Relationship
0.2<R<0.4  Weak Relationship
0.4<R<0.6  Moderate Relationship
0.6<R<0.8  Moderate high Relationship
0.8<R<0.9 Strong Relationship
R>0.9  Highly Strong Relationship
II. Inferential tests
a. Paired Sample Test
From Paired Sample Test (Table 9)
P-value=0.00<0.05
 Reject H0
 Accept H1
 Mbefore≠Mduring
There’s a significant difference between the 2 Means
We are 95% confident that the difference between mean of groups is between [-3.356;
-1.792]
b. Chi Square
From Chi Square (Table 10) we can notice that:
Twitter is having the highest rate to block fake news N=37
2nd Facebook N=10
3rd WhatsApp N=5
The least platform is Instagram N=2
P-value=0.00<0.05, Reject Ho
 Accept H1
 There’s a significant difference between 4 platforms that blocks Fake news.
This result makes sense because there is a perception within the public that Twitter has
more credibility as a social media platform as it screens the content shared.
pg. 15
III. Modulation technique
a. Factor Analysis
The results of the Modulation techniques show that:
From (Table 11) we can conduct that all values above 1 are considered as component
In this case we will consider
 From 6 independent variables to 2 component
From the Scree Plot (Figure 3) also we can deduce that there are 2 components (where
Eigenvalue is greater than 1)
From the Rotated Component Matrix (Table 12) we notice that:
First Variable has a loading in components 2,
0.192<0.728
2nd variable has a loading in components 1,
0.387>0.222
3rd variable has a loading in component 2,
-0.649<0.619
4th variable has a loading in components 2,
0.71<0.772
0.790>-0.075
0.806>0.270
Component 2 Trusted sources of Information
Component 1 Not Trusted sources of Information
pg. 16
From KMO and Bartlett’s Test
• Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy:
 0.548 is a moderate acceptable bigger than 0.5
• Sphericity:
p-value =0.00<0.05
 we can proceed with multiple linear regression (Table 14)
IV. Predictive Analysis
a. Regression
After doing the factor analysis, we should transform them into 2 new variables
Transform => Compute variable
 Not _Trusted source with: Mean (use social media to follow news and updates
about covid19, have serious medical problems which can make covid19 more
dangerous to you, have relatives or friends who are dead or hardly affected by
covid19)
 Trusted source with: Mean (you watch TV to follow news and updates about
covid19, only use trusted sources and websites to get information about covid19,
read medical and scientific articles about covid19)
Test linearity: Analyse -> Regression -> Linear
2 Quantitatives
Dependent variable Rate from 0 to 100 your fear or frighten from covid19
Independent variable Not _Trusted source, Trusted source (Factors)
P-value of not_Trusted (Sig)= 0.00 < 0.05 Significant.
P-value of Trusted (Sig) = 0.788> 0.05 Not significant.
Y= Constant+ B1 NT+ B2 T
Y= 20.874+13.624 NT + (-0.889) T
pg. 17
Trusted factor doesn’t have impact on Y
we can proceed with simple linear regression (Table 15)
We can proceed with Linear Regression without Trusted_source
New Model:
Y=Constant+ B1 not_trusted_source
=> Y=17.620+13.630 NT
V. Advance Statistical Technique
a. 2-Way ANOVA
The results of the advanced statistical technique “2 way ANOVA” (Table 16) shows
that:
P-value Major in the Lebanese University=0.467>0.05
P-value gender = 0.605>0.05
P-value major in the Lebanese university*gender= 0.527>0.05
 Accept H0
 There is no relation between gender and Major and both variables to reflect the
benefit of social media
pg. 18
Conclusions
Our derivations form the above sub conclusions resulting from performed test, lines
with reality which confirms that we are living in huge uncertainty within the crisis
turbulences, leading to:
 panic from the pandemic news
 people although driven with quick new (over social media) yet they put more
credibility on twitter platform
 Time spent on S.M is significantly increasing
 we could conclude that people are more and more relying on Social media
platforms as a main source of information rather than scientific medical reports.
As a main conclusion circulates around the fact amidst uncertainties, people tend to
act by instinct rather than by ration. Uncontrolled new practices in life cannot be avoided
anymore (WHO recommendations are becoming our life guidelines) and people by nature
rebel against change. The problem now is amplified since the whole pandemic is risking
lives and change is a must, and at the same time rational judgment of news and
acceptance of adopting new measures in life is not optional anymore, the thing that
shakes us all out of our comfort zones leading to panic at different levels.
pg. 19
Recommendations
We highly stress on that the public should perceive news only from medical
sources, and there is a duty on the traditional media channels (Like TV’s and Radios),
spread awareness on the importance of credibility of news’ sources. There should be
better a governmental program that guarantees psychological security for the elderly. (by
securing exceptional services like “remote medical follow up, priority in providing
medicine, tips on how to increase the immune system, tips on physical exercises).
Our main recommendation after the study stays on the importance of “self-
monitoring” and “self-filtering” of fake news, and engage in the collective plan in
fighting the epidemic by applying social distancing and all the WHO hygiene measures.
pg. 20
Tables
Table 1 – SPSS Variable View
Table 2 – SPSS Data View
pg. 21
Table 3 - Descriptive Statistics
pg. 22
Table 4 – Frequencies (1st qualitative Variable (Nominal) Social Media Platform)
pg. 23
Table 5 – Frequencies (Major in the Lebanese University)
pg. 24
Table 6 – Oneway Anova
pg. 25
Table 7 – Post Hoc Tests
pg. 26
Table 8 – Correlations Test
pg. 27
Table 9 – Paired Samples Test
pg. 28
Table 10 – Chi-Square Test
pg. 29
Table 11 – Factor analysis: Total Variance Explained
Total Variance Explained
Extraction Sums of Squared Rotation Sums of

Initial Eigenvalues Loadings Squared Loadings
Cumul
% of Cumulative % of Cumulativ % of ative
Component Total Variance % Total Variance e% Total Variance %
1 1.892 31.533 31.533 1.892 31.533 31.533 1.887 31.442 31.442
2 1.629 27.150 58.683 1.629 27.150 58.683 1.634 27.240 58.683
3 .952 15.860 74.543
4 .713 11.884 86.427
5 .451 7.508 93.936
6 .364 6.064 100.000
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
Table 12 – Factor analysis: Rotated Component Matrix
Rotated Component Matrixa
Component
1 2
You watch TV to follow news

.192 .728
and updates about COVID-19
Use social media to follow news

and updates about covid 19 .387 .222
Only use trusted sources and

websites to get information about -.649 .619
covid
pg. 30
Read medical and scientific

.071 .771
articles about covid
Have serious medical problems

which can make COVID-19 more .790 -.075
dangerous to you
Have relatives or friends who are

dead or hardly affected by .806 .270
COVID-19
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.
a. Rotation converged in 3 iterations.
Table 13 – KMO and Bartlett’s Test
KMO and Bartlett's Test
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy.
.548
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square

53.709
Df 15
Sig. .000
pg. 31
Table 14 – Multiple Linear Regressions
Coefficientsa
Standardized
Unstandardized Coefficients Coefficients
Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig.
1 (Constant) 20.874 15.486 1.348 .184
trusted_sources -.889 3.291 -.031 -.270 .788
not_trusted_source 13.624 2.861 .554 4.762 .000
a. Dependent Variable: Rate from 0 to 100 your fear and frighten from COVID-19
Table 15 – Simple Linear Regressions
Coefficientsa
Unstandardized Standardized 95.0% Confidence

Coefficients Coefficients Interval for B
Lower Upper
Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig. Bound Bound
1 (Constant) 17.620 9.654 1.825 .074 -1.753 36.993
not_trusted_source 13.630 2.835 .555 4.807 .000 7.941 19.319
a. Dependent Variable: Rate from 0 to 100 your fear and frighten from COVID-19
pg. 32
Table 16 – 2 way Anova
Figures
Figure 1 Social Media Platforms
pg. 33
Figure 2 Major in the Lebanese University
pg. 34
Figure 3 Factor Analysis (Scree Plot)
pg. 35
References
González-Padilla, D. A., & Tortolero-Blanco, L. (2020). Social media influence in the

COVID-19 Pandemic. International braz j urol, 46(1), 48-75.
Hamassed, N., Kakashekh, H., Saud, M., Bahrami, M. A., Ahmad, A. R., & Murad, R. H.
(2020). The Impact of Social Media on Panic During the COVID-19 Pandemic in
Iraqi Kurdistan: Online Questionnaire Study. Journal of Medical Internet
Research, 22(5), 18-34.
Majeed , M., Irshad, M., Fatima, T., Khan, J., & Hassan, M. M. (2020). Relationship
Between Problematic Social Media Usage and Employee Depression: A
Moderated Mediation Model of Mindfulness and Fear of COVID-19. Intern. J.
Ment. Health Addict, 18(2), 1-9.
Radwan, E., Radwan, A., & Radwan, W. (2020). The role of social media in spreading
panic among primary and secondary school students during the COVID-19
pandemic: An online questionnaire study from the Gaza Strip, Palestine. Eur. J.
Environ. Pub. Health, 6(12), 5-53.
Sahni, H., & Sharma, H. (2020). Role of social media during the COVID-19 pandemic:
Beneficial, destructive, or reconstructive? Int J Acad Med, 6(2), 70-75.
pg. 36
Appendices (The Questionnaire)

As a Consultants hired by the Lebanese university, we as a group are interested in
investigating the role of social media platforms in spreading panic during covid-19. We
will be thankful for your responding on the following questions:
Demographic Part:
1. Age:
2. Gender
Male
Female
3. Major in the Lebanese University

Faculty of public health
Faculty of agronomy
Faculty of engineering
Faculty of Science
Faculty of technology
Higher Institute of Applied Economic Sciences
Other please specify:……………………
4. Rate from 0 to 100 your fear and frighten from covid 19
5. What social media platforms do you rely on to find out what's going on about the
Coronavirus?
6. You are experiencing psychological impacts related to social practices to avoid covid
7. How many hours you spend on Social media approximately before corona Virus
8. How Many hours you spend on Social Media approximately during corona Virus
9. In your opinion, which platform is mostly blocking fake news about covid
10. U watch tv to follow news and updates about covid19

11. use social media to follow news and updates about covid 19
pg. 37
12. only use trusted sources and websites to get information about covid
13. read medical and scientific articles about covid

14. have serious medical problems which can make covid more dangerous to u
15. have relatives or friends who are dead or hardly affected by covid
16. from 0 to 100, how much you benefited from social media in getting information and
medical awareness about covid
Thank You..
pg. 38

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Lebanese University

Role of Social Media Platform in Spreading Panic

Role of Social Media Platform in Spreading Panic during

a moving pandemic with no boundaries of its lifespan.

To be more specific in such an interrelated complex pandemic, we zoomed in and

considered only the role and effect of S.M in spreading Panic.

conclusion propose our recommendations to better face this pandemic.

different issues including the role in spreading panic during Covid-19.

young aged students are facing psychological fear and depression.

panic and increasing the rates of depression mainly among students.

A study conducted by [ CITATION Gon20 \l 1033 ] demonstrated the social media

Social media platforms facilitate the communication between people especially in an

COVID-19 is associated with depression.

searching social media platforms about covid-19.

H4: H0: No significant difference between the platforms

gender and major

The questionnaire will be distributed through Google form over a sample of 54

students selected from the Lebanese University Hadath Branch.

We used a non-probability convenience sampling technique for data collection as

authors collected the email addresses of students in different departments through

personal contacts and university official websites.

The main variables are:

- Demographic Variables: Gender, Age, Major in the university.

- Most used social media platforms in Lebanon.

- Experience great fear

- Platform blocking fake news

First, a descriptive statistic will be shown to show the frequency distribution,

H4: H0: no significance difference between the platforms

Then, descriptive analysis was generated for 2 quantitative variables and 2

qualitative variables as follows:

Descriptive Analysis: Quantitative

We will interpret 2 quantitative variables (Table 3):

As for the 1st qualitative Variable (Nominal) (Figure 1).

- Social Media Platform

The 2nd qualitative Variable consists of:

Major in LU (Nominal) (Figure 2).

Major in the Lebanese University:

 Faculty of Public Health

1 qualitative with 5 categories

Between 2 quantitative variables

Test Chi-square-goodness of fit

1 qualitative variable we use chi-square goodness of fit

H0: No significant difference between the platforms

H1: there’s a significant difference between the platforms

Factor analysis to the 6 independent variables Then Multiple regression analysis

• Advance Statistical Technique

We can proceed with Linear Regression without Component 2 = Trusted sources of

variables and two qualitative variables.

a. Two Quantitative variables

Mean age is approximately 27

Variance for age is 36.478

5% Trimmed mean: we trim 5 % of Max and Min to reach 71.78

b. Two Qualitative variables

- Social Media Platform

Mode = 2 which is the highest repeated value

From ANOVA (Table 6):

From Correlations (Table 8)

R<0.2  Négligeable Relationship

0.2<R<0.4  Weak Relationship

0.4<R<0.6  Moderate Relationship

0.6<R<0.8  Moderate high Relationship

0.8<R<0.9 Strong Relationship

R>0.9  Highly Strong Relationship