8

Science Quarter
1 - Module 9 Electricity
Science — Grade 8 Alternative
Delivery Mode Quarter 1 — Module
9: Electricity First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City

Division Superintendent: Jesnar Dems S. Torres, PhD, CESO VI

Development Team of the Module

Writer(s): John Jefferson A.Teves

Reviewer(s): Nilda U. Villegas, EPS – Science

Florida D. Arias, PhD, PSDS Ma. Thessa
Jude C. Dalupere – MT-1

Evaluator: Ma. Cynthia E. Herodico

Illustrator(s): Jay Michael A. Calipusan, PDO II

Layout Artist: John Jefferson A. Teves

 Management Team

Chairperson: Jesnar Dems S. Torres, PhD, CESO VI

Schools Division Superintendent

Co- Conniebel C. Nistal, PhD Assistant Schools

Chairperson: Division Superintendent

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City

Office Address: Brgy. 23, National Highway, Gingoog City Telefax:

088-328-0108 / 088328-0118 E-mail Address:
gingoog.city@deped.gov.ph
Pablito B. Altubar, CID Chief

Members: Nilda U. Villegas, EPS - Science

Himaya B. Sinatao, LRMS Manager
Jay Michael A. Calipusan, PDO II
Mercy M. Caharian, Librarian II

Science Quarter
1 - Module 9
Electricity
8
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Table of Contents

What This Module is About ...................................................................................................................

i What I Need to Know
.............................................................................................................................. i How to Learn from
this Module ........................................................................................................... ii Icons of this
Module ............................................................................................................................... ii What I
Know ........................................................................................................................................... .iii

Lesson 1: Series & Parallel

Connection.............................................1 What’s In: Activity 1: Name
Me ..................................................................1 What I Need to
Know..............................................................................................1 What’s New: Activity 2:
Am I Important?..................................................................1 What Is
It ...............................................................................................2 What’s More: Activity 3: What
AM I?............................................................3 What I Have Learned: Activity 4: My
Realizations...........................................3 What I Can Do: Activity 5: Draw and
Explain ........................................... ...3

Lesson 2: Electrical Power & Electrical

Energy .................................4 What’s In: Activity 1: Complete
Me..............................................................4 What I Need to
Know.............................................................................................4 What’s New: Activity 2:
Same or Different? .......................................................4 What Is
It...............................................................................................5 What’s More: Activity 3: Word
Search..........................................................6 What I Have Learned: Activity 4: Compare
Us................................................7 What I Can Do: Activityv 5: Solve
Me ...........................................................7

Lesson 3: Safety Devices at

Home ..................................................8 What’s In: Activity 1: Guessing
Time ...........................................................8 What I Need to
Know ...........................................................................................8 What’s New: Activity 2: Tell
Me .......................................................................9 What Is
It..............................................................................................9 What’s More: Activity 3: Draw
and Label ....................................................11 What I Have Learned: Activity 4: Answer
Me ...............................................11 What I Can Do: Activity 5: Q and
A ...........................................................11
Summary......................................................................................................12 Assessment:
(Post-Test) ................................................................................13 Key to Answers
......................................................................................................................... 14 References
.................................................................................................................................. 20
 This page is intentionally blank
What This Module is About

Electricity is already a basic necessity today. With all the activities we do daily, almost all
of them requires electricity. It’s coming into the lives of people that has made some work easier
and faster. From grocery stores, internet cafés, offices, even schools need electricity. At home,
the use of rice cooker, cell phones, laptops, refrigerator, television for entertainment and
computers requires electricity to function properly. An hour of black out or brown out could
already affect someone’s hour.
The topic electricity has been discussed already in your elementary years. I believe you
have known already which materials or gadgets needs electricity and which one do not. You
have come to know the importance of electricity when you know its value. Primarily, the different
materials needed to conduct electricity, the conductors of electricity, how a certain electricity run
in a certain circuit with its needed components and also how electrical energy has changed or
transformed to other form of energy like mechanical or chemical.
In this module, you will learn first the basics of electricity. What makes an electrical
current run in a certain material? You will get to know about charges and how it is related to
current.

What I Need to Know

After going through this module, you should be able to:

1. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of series and parallel connection in

home.

2. Differentiate electrical power and electrical energy.

3. Explain the functions of circuit breakers, fuses, earthing, double insulations, and

other safety devices in home.

 i
How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:

• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.

• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.

• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

Icons of this Module What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of knowledge

to the subject matter at hand, meant specifically to gauge prior
related Knowledge What’s In This part connects previous lesson
with that
of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented to
you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you Learned

have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show- case
 your skills and knowledge gained, and applied into real-life
concerns and situations.

ii
What I Know

Direction: Select the letter of the correct answer.

1. In the circuit below, which two elements are connected parallel to each other?

a. A and B b. B and C c. C and D d. A and D 2. A circuit

that has only one electric flow is _______.
a. battery circuit b. paper circuit c. series circuit d. parallel circuit 3. To find out the
electrical consumption at home, we should look at the
a. generator b. transformer c. electric meter d. circuit breaker 4. What happens to the
intensity or the brightness of the lamps connected in series as
more and more lamps are added?
a. increases c. remains the same b. decreases d. cannot be predicted 5. Why
are fuses and circuit breakers used in circuits?
a. Fuses and circuit breakers open to the circuit when a large amount of current
flows through the circuit. b. Fuses and circuit breakers increase the efficiency of the
appliances within the
circuit. c. Fuses and circuit breakers insulate the connection in the circuit. d.
Fuses and circuit breakers can help out the electrical consumption. 6. The
Philippines promotes on a 220-supply voltage. V is a unit of what quantity?
a. velocity b. voltage c. current d. resistance 7. In the circuit below, which two
elements are connected series to each other?

a. A and B b.
B and C c. C
and D d. A
and D

8. The circuit element labeled E in no. 7 is a schematic diagram of

a. voltage source b. bulb c. resistor d. switch

9. When the electrical current CANNOT flow, the circuit is _______.

 a. broken b. close c. loose d. open 10. A circuit that has only one electric flow
is _____________.
a. battery circuit b. paper circuit c. series circuit d. parallel circuit

iii

Lesson 1
Series & Parallel Connections
Activity 1: Name Me! Directions: Look at the illustrations below
and identify the series and parallel connections. Write S for series and P for

1. ____ 2. ____

Image source:: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinterest.com%2Fpin

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What I Need to Know

Objectives: After doing all the activities, the students must be able to explain

the advantages and the disadvantages of series and parallel connections in homes.

What’s New Activity 2: Am I Important? Directions: Read the

questions below and answer them correctly. 1. Cite at least 2
advantages and 2 disadvantages of the following
 a. Series connections in homes. b. Parallel
connections in homes. 2. Explain your
answers briefly.

1
What Is It
In physics, particularly electronics, a circuit is a closed path that allows electricity to flow
from one point to another. It may include various electrical components, such as
energy source (battery/voltage), a load (bulb/resistor), a conductive path
(connecting wire), and a switch.
An electric circuit works by providing a closed-loop system to permit current to flow through
a system. Electrons must be ready to flow throughout the circuit, completing a
path from one pole of the ability source to the opposite. One example of a
straightforward circuit may be a battery connected to a lightbulb. In a simple
circuit, voltage flows through the conductive path to the resistor, which does
some work. Resistors--things like light bulbs, speakers, and motors--and electric
circuits power these devices to undertake to to the work that their makers wanted
them to undertake to to. Figure 1. Series & Parallel Circuit

Image source: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F

%2Fwww.shutterstock.com%2Fimage-vector%2Fvector- illustration-series-parallel-circuits-
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In the series connection, there's only one path for current because there's but one loop
of connecting wire. With this connection, for a part of the circuit, the quantity of
current remains constant. that's why elements connected asynchronous have the
identical current. As you added more bulbs within the loop, each bulb turned
dimmer because the voltage was divided among the bulbs. Also, the resistance
 of the circuit increased because the resistance of every bulb added up.
Remember that earlier we've discussed that elements that consume energy
opposes the flow of electrons because they need resistance.
On the opposite hand, loop connection was shown in figure 1 above. If you are
attempting to examine the circuit, there are many possible paths for the electricity
because each element is independently connected to the voltage source. Since
current takes many paths, it's divided among the weather or bulbs. But since
each bulb is connected independently to the source, each element has the
identical potential because the source, that is, technically speaking, they're of the
identical voltage.
2
One of the benefits of parallel circuits is that they ensure all components within the circuit
have the identical voltage because the source. for example, all bulbs in an
exceedingly string of lights have the identical brightness. the most important
advantage of a electric circuit is that you simply can add additional power
devices, usually using batteries. this can greatly increase the force of your output
by supplying you with more power. The disadvantage of a parallel connection
becomes apparent with a brief circuit, like when someone jams a wire between
the 2 contacts of an electric receptacle. a brief circuit has very low resistance,
which successively causes current within the circuit to extend tremendously, and
bang! the primary disadvantage is that, if one component during a circuit fails,
then all the components within the circuit fail because the circuit has been
broken. The second disadvantage is that the more components there are during
a circuit, the greater the circuit's resistance.

What’s More
Activity 3: What Am I?

Directions: Fill in the incomplete sentences below.

1. I am a series connection. One of my

advantages_________________________________________________

because ___________________________________________________.

2. I am a parallel connection. One of my

advantages_________________________________________________

because ___________________________________________________.

What I Have Learned?

 Activity 4: My Realizations

Directions: Write a short paragraph with 7 – 10 sentences of your realizations

about the advantages of series and parallel connections in homes.

What I Can Do?

Activity 5: Draw and Explain

Directions: Draw a series and parallel connections in homes in your activity

notebook. Tell their advantages and disadvantages and explain them briefly.

Electrical Power & Electrical

2
Lesson

Activity 1: Complete Me Directions: Read the statements properly and

complete them correctly.

1. One of the advantages of series connections is, there is only a single path for
electric current because _____________________________________. 2. One of
the advantages of parallel connections is, it has many possible paths
of electrical flow because __________________________________.

What I Need to Know

Objectives. After doing all the activities, the students must be able to

differentiate electrical power and electrical energy.

 What’s New
Activity 2: Same or Different? Directions: Below are statements which tells about
electrical power and electrical energy. Identify each statement whether electrical
power by writing EP and electrical energy by writing EE on the blank spaces
provided before the number. ___ 1. The rate at which work is done. The rate at
which electrical energy is
transferred to a circuit. ___ 2. Is a measure of how much energy is used in a span of
time. ___ 3. Refers to the energy resulting from the flow of electric charge. ___ 4.
Defined as an electric charge that lets work be accomplished. ___ 5. It is usually
produced by electric generators, but can also be supplied
by sources such as electric batteries.

4
What Is It
Electric Power
Is the rate at which work is completed. the speed at which electricity is
transferred to a circuit. it's also the speed, per unit time, at which electricity is
transferred by an electrical circuit. The SI unit of power is Watt (W in symbol), is
equal to one joule per second. electrical power is sometimes produced by electric
generators, but may also be supplied by sources like electric batteries. Electrons
are given energy by a voltage source or battery in v (volts or Coulombs/seconds
C/s) where C/s is electric potential energy and also electrons pass through the
circuit and collide with atom in components and lose its energy and converted
into heat, light, or motion.

In symbol, P = power, unit is W (watt)

example: P=1800 W and 1 W = 1 J/s

Formula Power (P) = I (current) x V

(voltage)
 consumption-of-my-lg-
Electrical Energy
refrigerator&psig=AOvVaw0ObeOz7zVtn52lbCYYolJC
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Refers to an energy that uses electric energy. Electric and electronic devices consume
electric energy to come up with desired output (i.e., light, heat, motion, etc.).
During operation, some a part of the energy, looking on the electrical efficiency,
is consumed in unintended output, like waste heat. electricity could be a kind of
energy resulting from the flow of electrical charge. Energy is that the ability to try
and do work or apply force to maneuver an object. within the case of electricity,
the force is electrical attraction or repulsion between charged particles. Electric
energy is most frequently measured either in joules (J), or in watt hours (W·h)
representing a continuing power over a period of your time. That is;
• 1 W·s = 1 J
• 1 W·h = 3600 W·s = 3600 J

The formula that links energy and power is: Energy = Power x Time. The unit of energy is
the joule, the unit of power is the watt, and the unit of time is the second.

5
Figure 2. A refrigerator
having 150 W power
Sample problem. A microwave oven with a power rating of 1, 200 W is used for
0.25 hour. How much electrical energy is used by the microwave?

1. This is what you know electric power used: P = 1, 200 W (1.2 w)

1 kW (kilowatt = 1000 watt) Time is 0.25 hour 2. This is what you need
to find electrical energy used: E 3. Used the formula E = Pt 4. Subtitute:
E = (1.2) x (0.25) = 0.30
The values of P and t into The formula and multiply Determine the units unit of E =
(unit of P) x (unit of t) = kW x h = kWh
Final Answer: The electrical energy used is 0.30 kWh

What’s More Activity

3: Word Search

Directions: Locate the needed word below by encircling and writing the answers
on the blank provided. 1. The rate at which __________ energy is transferred to a
circuit. 2. Electric energy is most often measured either in ______. 3. Electrons
 pass through the circuit and collide with atom in components and
lose its energy and converted into ______ e.g., heat, light, or motion. 4. The unit of electrical
power is the ____. 5. Electric power is the rate, per unit time, at which electrical energy is
transferred by an electric _______ W H G O F E D T C E S U F K L F

AJOULESDIYWCIJEN

WVTPIUYVRBHBMRDG

YJYAIGRGCCZKOAQH

XSPLRHQJUFIGSLPR

AQOEKBZQIKJBWATT

ZRNMCXDETLMTMNSO

VELECTRICALXNUPT

6
What I Have Learned? Activity 4: Compare Us Directions: Use the
diagram below to identify the difference and similarities of
electrical power and electrical energy.

Electric Power Electric Energy

Differences
Differences Similarities What I Can Do?
Activity 5: Solve Me Directions: Solve the following problems. Show your
solutions. 1. A blender works on for 10.0 hours. If the power rating of the blender
is 700
watts, how much electrical energy does the blender used? 2. A flat iron operated for 0.75
 hour and used 3.0 kWh of electrical energy.
What is the power rating of the flat iron?

Lesson
Electrical Hazards & Safety

Activity 1: Guessing Time Directions: Identify

3
following illustrations/drawings.

1. __________

3. ________________________

Images sources https://www.swe-check.com.au/images/group/fuses.jpg https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F

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 What I Need to Know
Objectives. After doing all the activities, the students must be able to explain the
functions of circuit breakers, fuses, earthing, double insulation, and other safety
devices in the home.

8
2. _________________
What’s New
Activity 2: Tell Me Directions: Tell the functions of the following safety devices in
the home and
explain them briefly. 1. Circuit
Breakers
Functions _______________________________________________ Explain
_________________________________________________
________________________________________________________ 2. Fuses

Functions _______________________________________________ Explain

_________________________________________________
________________________________________________________ 3.
Earthing
Functions _______________________________________________ Explain
_________________________________________________
________________________________________________________ 4. Double
Insulations
Functions _______________________________________________
Explain _________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

What Is It

Indeed, electricity is a vital a part of our lives that can't be taken with a pinch of salt. To
avoid accidents, it's important that we've basic knowledge on electricity and exercise
caution in managing it. As an extra protection, some devices is also also placed in our
 circuit that function as breakers whenever there are faults and problems with the
circuit. Our homes are fed with electricity through lead wires called lines which are
connected to outlets inside the house. The voltage impressed on these lines is applied
to appliances and other devices that are connected in parallel to those lines. As more
devices are connected to those lines, more pathways are provided for the present.
thanks to the lowered combined resistance of appliances in parallel, a greater number
of current passes through the wire and warmth is generated. If the lines carry quite the
safe amount of current, the resulting heat may melt the insulation and begin a
fireplace. The lines are said to be overloaded. it's therefore important that our loads
(appliances) reception matches the available voltage source. In some case, voltage
regulators could also be used. to forestall overloading, fuses are connected serial with
the facility itinerary, making the whole line current suffer it first before reaching the
hundreds. Fuses are made of metal ribbon that may heat up and melt if the present
exceeds the critical value. If the ribbon melts, there's a prospect within the circuit.
Once the fuse is blown out, it must get replaced with a replacement one once the
source of overloading is set and remedied.

Circuits may also be protected by circuit breakers that use magnets and bimetallic strip
to open a switch in cases of overloading. Circuit breakers are often
used instead of fuses in modern buildings because they do not have to be replaced
each time the circuit is opened.

9 A fuse and circuit breaker both serve to protect an

overloaded electrical circuit by interrupting the continuity, or the flow of electricity.
Fuses tend to be quicker to interrupt the flow of power, but must be replaced after they
melt, while circuit breakers can usually simply be reset.

Double insulation
• Some appliances - such as vacuum cleaners and electric drills - do not have an
earth wire. This is because they have plastic casings, or they have been designed
so that the live wire cannot touch the casing. As a result, the casing cannot give an
electric shock, even if the wires inside become loose.
• An electrical appliance which is double insulated does not have an earth wire
fitted. The appliance is designed in such a way that the electrical parts can never
come into contact with the outer casing of the device.
• Double insulation protects the user of the appliance from an electrical shock by
preventing any possibility of the external casing becoming live (the live wire cannot
touch the casing even if wires inside become loose), thus eliminating the need for
an earth connection.
 • Double insulation protects the user of the appliance from an electrical shock by
preventing any possibility of the external casing becoming live (the live wire cannot
touch the casing even if wires inside become loose), thus eliminating the need for
an earth connection.

Earthing is the process of transferring the immediate discharge of the electrical

energy directly to the earth by the help of the low resistance wire is known as the
electrical earthing. Mostly, the galvanized iron is used for the earthing. The earthing
provides the simple path to the leakage current.
Earthing of a system is done in the installation to connect the respective parts with
electrical conductors or electrodes. The electrode is placed near the soil or below
the ground level, which has flat iron riser under the ground. The noncurrent-
carrying parts are connected with the flat iron.
Why is an Earthing Necessary? Earthing is an important component of electrical
systems because of the following reasons: It keeps people safe by preventing
electric shocks. It prevents damage to electrical appliances and devices by
preventing excessive current from running through the circuit.

10

What’s More
Activity 3: Draw and Label Directions: In your activity notebook, draw one
safety device at home and explain its function.

What I have Learned?

Activity 4: Answer Me

Directions: Answer the following questions below.

1. What are circuit breakers, fuses, and double insulations?

 2. Explain their functions briefly.

What I Can Do?

Activity 5: Q and A

Directions: Do a survey to an adult member of your family and your Barangay electrician.
Ask them of the importance of circuit breakers, fuses, and other safety devices at home
and any establishment. Then consolidate their answers in your activity notebook.

11

Summary
In this module we have learned that:

1. Circuits provide continuous pathway for electricity to travel. Circuits are composed of
sources, loads and connecting wires, which are considered to have negligible resistance. 2.
Circuit connections can be series or parallel. In circuit connection, there is only one path of
electricity and elements connected in this way have the same current. In parallel
connections, there is more than one possible path for electricity to flow. Elements connected
in parallel have the same voltage. 3. Ohm’s law relates current, voltage and resistance. It
states that current is directly
proportional to voltage. 4. Power ratings of appliance provide the basis for computing
electrical energy consumption. As the power rating and the longer time of use increase, the
 amount of electrical energy used increases. 5. Electricity can be both useful and harmful as
well. It is important that we practice
precaution in dealing with it. 6. Electrical sources and loads must be matched correctly to
avoid overloading. Fuses and circuit breakers are devices that ensure safety when faults
and problems in a circuit arise.

12 Assessment:
(Post-Test)

Direction: For each item encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1.Two bulbs are connected and plugged to the outlet as shown in the figure. Both bulbs have
the same,
a. current b. voltage c. resistance d. voltage and current 2. When a third bulb is added to the
connection in no.1, what happens to the intensity and
brightness of the bulbs?
a. remains the same c. decreases b. increases d. some may increase and others may decrease
3. Your fuse at home has “blown” up many times. Which of the following will you do to solve
this problem and prevent it from happening again?
a. Connect appliances in series instead of parallel. b. Do not use too many
appliances at the same time. c. Plug two or three appliances in one outlet. d.
Connect an additional fuse to your circuit. 4. Which of the following regulates the
voltage of the electricity produced in power

plants? a. Generator b. Transformer c. Meters d. Circuit breakers 5. Which of the following

quantities is equal across all components in a parallel circuit?
a. Current b. Voltage c. Resistance d. Both a and b 6. To save energy at
home, which of the following should you do?
a. Use fluorescent lamp instead of incandescent lamps b. Iron
clothes everyday c. Clean and defrost your refrigerator quarterly
d. Plug appliances even if they are not in use 7. Why are fuses
and circuit breakers used in circuits?
a. Fuses and circuit breakers open to the circuit when a large amount of current
flows through the circuit. b. Fuses and circuit breakers increase the efficiency of the
appliances within the circuit. c. Fuses and circuit breakers insulate the connection in the
circuit. d. Fuses and circuit breakers can help out the electrical consumption. 8. These
refers to a form of energy resulting from the flow of electric charge.
a. electrical power b. fuse c. electrical energy d. switch 9. A circuit connection
where in there is only one or single path is shown.
a. series b. parallel c. series parallel d. double insulation 10. The unit for electrical
power
a. kWh b. watt c. joules d. ampere

13 Key to
Answer
14
15
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17
18
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References

Beiser, A. (1991). Modern technical physics. USA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc

Payawal, P. (1992). Discoverer science. Quezon City: Academe Publishing House

Salmorin, L. M. &Florido, B. (2003). Science and technology IV. Quezon City: Abiva
Publishing House Inc.

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinterest.com%2Fpin%2F324
329610636958845%2F&psig=AOvVaw38oqzp7AOLtmpm3sAkcSWq&ust=15934765
98573000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCIj-
64_hpeoCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAN

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shutterstock.com%2Fimage-
vector%2Fvector-illustration-series-parallel-circuits-
1044969850&psig=AOvVaw3CvrnZdm7vDisNHxBD8l9z&ust=1594442114075000&s
ource=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCJCN0_HtweoCFQAAAAAdAAAAABA I

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdiy.stackexchange.com%2
Fquestions%2F53530%2Fwhat-is-the-power-consumption-of-my-lg-
refrigerator&psig=AOvVaw0ObeOz7zVtn52lbCYYolJC&ust=1594443973236000&source=im
ages&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCJjBgej0weoCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

20
For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City Office

Address: Brgy. 23, National Highway, Gingoog City Telefax: 088
328 0108/ 088 328 0118 E-mail Address:
gingoog.city@deped.gov.ph