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668 ArticleText 2678 1 10 20210102
668 ArticleText 2678 1 10 20210102
net/publication/351066413
Power Generation of Pure Sine Wave in Batteryless Solar System using Advanced
Control
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6 authors, including:
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All content following this page was uploaded by Muhammad Siddique on 23 April 2021.
Index Terms-- Zeta converter, BLDC motor, Solar powered sine wave generation (SPSWG), Voltage source inverter (VSI), Lyapunov
Function, Sliding mode control (SMC).
x (t ) M x x (t ) (4)
x (t ) M xx (t )
(t ) M (t ) (5)
y y y
z (t ) M z z (t )
FIGURE 5: The trapezoidal back EMF on each phase of the stator windings [26,
27].
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B. VSI switching frequency f sw control
Active switching modes for three phase VSI operation and the
corresponding back EMF waveforms and also flowing current In our proposed methodology for speed control, back EMF
representing waveform are illustrated in Fig. 5. Feedback induced in each coil is directly fed to the control unit after
system is shown in Fig. 6. scaling it to an appropriate level. Back EMF induced in all the
After having the above available information, we can proceed phases of stator winding i.e. x , y and z depends on time rate of
further with a claim that, in BLDC motor, all the phase coils are change of flux linkded between rotor permanent magnet and
tightly mounted with each other, that is why mechanical speed stator winding. For controlled motor speed, the maximum
or remains same i.e. x y z . This fact inculcates amplitude of the back EMF of phase ‘ x ’ is compared with the
the representation of (5) as follows: reference value. If the back EMF is greater or equal to the
desired reference value of speed signal, the controller comes
into action and generates the control signal to bring the rotation
E (t ) M (t ) ,
speed of the BLDC motor to the reference value. This control
(6) signal is engineered in the following way.
x (t ) M x
where E (t ) y (t ) , M M y . Assumption 2: Assume the reference speed is (t ) and the
z (t ) M z maximum value of back EMF at this reference speed for each of
M x , M y , M z are the mutual inductances of all the mentioned the x , y , z phase is .
phases. Defining the error between desired speed and the speed of
BLDC motor as follows:
IV. SENSORLESS CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR FIXED SPEED BLDC MOTOR
The sole objective of tracking the reference speed by BLDC e x (t ) x (t )
motor all the time is developed by controlling the two switching e y (t ) y (t ) ,
frequencies that is f con and f sw simultaneously
e z (t ) z (t )
A. Converter switching frequency f con control (9)
and also, back EMF errors,
Duty cycle of zeta converter can be calculated by means of (7)
[9]. ex (t ) x (t )
D Vdc (Vdc Vpv )1 (7) ey (t ) y (t ) .
where Vdc represents the DC voltage across the filtering ez (t ) z (t )
capacitor at the output of the zeta converter. Vdc is the voltage at
(10)
the input of the BLDC motor to produce the torque to drive the
alternator for matching the load demand. It is important to
We can conclude from (6), (9) and (10) that ei (t ) M i e (t )
mention that if BLDC draws more current to produce the
required torque then Vdc decreases and this is again boosted by where ei (t ) i (t ) with i x, y, z .By assuming
increasing the switching frequency of zeta converter switch that M x M y M z M , as mentioned above that i represents for
is f con , according to (8) [9]. all three phases x , y , z .
DVdc
f con (8)
Lip I Lip ei (t ) M i e i (t ) (11)
ex (t ) M x [ (t )] (12)
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Here constant H depends upon the number of poles of V (t ) Je (t ) eT (t ) (18)
alternator. This alternator and the BLDC motor are
mechanically coupled. Also, it is well known fact for any BLDC
The time rate of change of Lyapunov’s energy function is
motor, that under condition of constant DC input voltage to the
VSI, the BLDC motor’s speed depends upon the switching
frequency of the VSI [28], V (t ) 2 Je (t ) e (t )
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