SARASWATI (JUNIOR) VIDYA MANDIR (+2 Science/ Commerce College), Nelakantha Nagar,Bam-2

THE CELL
INTRODUCTION OF CELL
All living organism are composed of structural & physiological units called cells. Therefore the cells are
the structural unit of living body, just like the bricks in the construction of a haouse.

DEFINITION:

A cell may be defined as a piece of nucleated cytoplasm surrounded by a cell wall or a membrane,
existing singly or in group & containing structures of variouskinds.
1. Cell structure: Two main types of cells are recognized:
Simple, Primitive Prokaryotic
(i) Complex, advanced Eukaryotic.
Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotie cell
01. Itis a single membrane system.01. It is a double membrane system.
02. In most cases a cell wall surrounds the 02. Cell wall surrounds the plasma membrane
plasma membrane. It is made Up of in protists, most fungi and all
plants. It is
peptidoglycans. made up of chitin in most
fungi and
cellulose in other Cell wall is absent in
animal cells.
03. Plasmalemma possesses respiratory 03. Plasmalemma does not carry
respiratory
enzymes enzymes.
04. Cell membrane may infolds to form |04. Messomes are absent in these cells.
Mesosomes.
05. Cytoplasm does not | 05.
contain
Cytoplasm contains several membrane
endoplasmic reticulum
other and bound organelles,
membrane bound organelles except
(eg:
Endoplasmic
Reticulum, Mitochondria, Golgi
ribosome. Body,
Centrosome, Microfilaments, Microtubules,
Intermediate fibres,
ribosomes.
Microbodies), besides
06. Ribosomes are of 70 S size, they 06.
are Ribosomes are of 80s size, in
made up of 50s and 30s subunits.
dissociate into 60S and 40S plants they
07. All ribosomes are free in the 07. Most of the ribosomes
subunits.
are attached
cytoplasm. to
endoplasmic reticulum, and
ribosomes are free some
in the
08. Chromosomes are attached to plasma 08. Chromosomes ends attached cytoplasm.
lemma. to the nuclear
09. Cells are haploid (n) 09.
membrane(near annuli).
10. Genetic material (DNA) lies Body cells (somatic cells) are
naked
in 10. Genetic diploid (2n)
the cyto-plasm. It is called nucleoid. material(DNA)
nuclear envelope fromto
is enclosed by a
11. DNA occurs in a nucleus.
cytoplasm only. 11. DNA occurs in the
nucleus
mitochondria and chloroplasts.as well as in
FOUNDATION COURSE
[BIOLOGY
 VIDYA MANDIR (+2 Science/ Commerce College),
Neelakantha Nagar, Bam-2
SARASWATI (JUNIOR)

ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
GOLG COMPLEX
NUCLECID sOLID FLAOELLLM NUCLEAR CELL WALL
(NAKED CIRCLAR DNA)
ENVELOFE MICOLE LAMELLA
PIU CHROMATIN PLASMA
MEMBRANE
TRANSFER NUCLECLUS
CELL WALL
QARNA SAP VACUOLE PLASMODESMA
CELL
CmPLASM TONOPLAST
MEMBRANE MOOTH
RiEEPIRATORY
ENDOPLASMIC
RETCULWM
ENZYMES 30 9SUBUNITS MICROTUBULE
RIBOSOME
08
RIBOSOME MESSENCER

8LIMY
RNA CHLOROPLAST
CAPSULE MITCCHONDRICN
STARCH
GRAIN
POLYSOME FAT DROPLET PROTEIN
MOLECULE A plant cell ns shown
Ahacterlal cel Iy an electron microNCope

Fig: A Bacterial Cell

SEORETON
QRABSORPTION
MICROVILLI
EXOCYTgNIS OF PHAGOCYTOTIC
SECRETION PORE VESCLE FCRMNG
TORY VES Qrie
VESICLE FORMNG
PHAGOSOME
MICROELAMENTS
(THROJGHOUT CELL PNOCYTOTIC
VESICLE
SMOOTH.
ENOOPLASIC
OLG! VESICAEE RETICULNUM
MICROTUBUL
SUALLY NEAR
GOLGI COMPLEX- CELL SURFACE)
CENTRIOLE9 LY8OBOME
EN IROSPHERE- FREE RIEQsOMAS
(THROUGHOUT CELL
ROUGH MICROBCDY
ENDOPUASMK
RETICULUM
RIBOSONE- PNUCLEAR ENVELDPE
BOUND -NUCLEAR PORE
TORER
MIIOCHONDRION NUCLEOLUS
CLL MEMBRANE-
CHROATINJ
CYTOPLASM "NUCLEOPLASM

SAPVACIOE
TONOPLASTACUOLE

An animal cell us shawn hy an electron

microscop
This wicruscope magnilles tlhe nbjerts 600,400 Lisvs,

FOUNDATION COURSE [BIOLOGY1 15