Algebra Logarithms and Log Properties

Basic Properties & c<b-c

If a<b and c>0 then ac<bc Definition
Facts a b
and < Y=logbx is equivalent to x=by
c c
Arithmetic Operations Special Logarithms
If a<b and c<0 then ac>bc
ab+ac=a(b+ b ab
c)
a =
c c () and
a b
>
c c
lnx = Logx=lo
a a ac logex g10x
= natural common
b a b b
=
c bc c () log log
a c ad+bca c ad-bc Logarithm Properties
+ = - =
b d bd b d bd
logbb = 1 logb1 = 0
a-b b-a a+b a b
= = + x
logbb = x blog 2 x
=x
c-d d-c c c c
r
a logb(x ) = logb(xy) =
ab+ac b ad
= b+c , a ≠ 0=
() Properties of Absolute Value rlogbx logbx+logby
a c
d
bc
() l a l= a{
l a+b l≤ l a l+l
if a ≥ 0
b l Trinangle
log b ( xy ) = log x- log y
b b

-a if a ≤ 0
Inequality The domain of logbx is x>0
lal≥0 L -a l = l a l
Exponent Properties Factoring and Solving
an a lal
anam = an+m
a m
n-m 1
= a = m-n
a
l a l =l a l l b l ||=
b lbl
Distance Formula
(an)m = anm a0=1, a≠0
If P1 = (x1, y1) and P2 = (x2, y2) are
n n two points the distance between Factoring Formulas
a a
(ab)n = anbn ()
b
= n
b
them is
x2-a2 = (x+a) x2+2ax+a2 =
1 1 (x-a) (x+a)2
a -n = n
=a d( P1 , P2 )= √ ( x2 - x1 )2 + ( y 2 - y1 )2
an a -n x2-2ax+a2 = x2+(a+b)x+ab
-n n n Complex Numbers
(ab ) =(ab ) = ba a = (a ) = (a )1 n
n 1
m m n m (x-a)2 = (x+a)(x+b)
n
i = √ -1i 2 =-1√ -a = i √ aa ≥0 x3+3ax2+3a2x x3-3ax2+3a2x-
-a3 = (x+a)3 a3 = (x-a)3
x3+a3 = (x+a) x3-a3 = (x-a)
Properties of Radicals (a+bi)+(c+di) = a+c+(b+d)i
(x2-ax+a2) (x2+ax+a2)
1
√n ab = √n a √n b (a+bi)-(c+di) = a-c+(b+d)i
√n a = a n x2n-a2n = (xn-
m n
(a+bi)(c+di) = ac-bd+ an) (xn+an)
√ √ a = nm√ a a √n a

n n
=
√
n

b √n b
n n
(ad+bc)i
(a+bi)(a-bi) = a2+b2
If n is odd then,
√ a =a, if n is odd
√ a =l a l, if n is even l a+bi l = √ a 2 + b 2Complex xn-an = (x-a)(xn-1+axn-2+…+an-1)
Modulus xn+an = (x+a)(xn-1-axn-2+a2xn-3-…
´ =a-bi +an-1)
Properties of Inequalities (a+bi)
Complex Conjugate Quadratic Formula
If a<b then a+c<b and a- ´ ( a+bi )=l a+bi l 2 Solve ax + bx + c = 0 , a ¹ 0
2

(a+bi)
 −b √ b2−4 ac Constant Function
x=
2a
y = a or f(x) = a
If b2 - 4ac > 0 - Two real unequal
solutions Graph is a horizontal line passing
through the point (0, a).
If b2 - 4ac = 0 - Two real unequal
solutions Line/Linear Function

If b2 - 4ac < 0 - Two real unequal y = mx + b or f(x) = mx+b

solutions
Graph is a line with point (0,b) and
Square Root Property slope m.

If x2 = p then x=± √ p

Absolute Value
Equations/Inequalities
If b is a positive number

lpl=b ⇒ p = -b or p=b
lpl<b ⇒ -b<p<b
lpl=b ⇒ p<-b or p>b
Completing the Square
Solve 2x2 – 6x – 10 = 10

1. Divide by the coefficient of

the x2
x2 – 3x – 5 = 0
2. Move the constant to the
other side.
x2 – 3x = 5
3. Take half the coefficient of x,
square it and add it to both sides
2
−3
x 2−3 x+ ( )2
2
−3
¿ 5+ (
2 )
9
¿ 5+
4
29
¿
4
4. Factor the left side
3 2 29
( )
x−
2
=
4
5. Use Square Root Property
3 29 29
x- =±

6. Solve for x
2 4
=±
2√ √
3 29
x= ± √
2 2
Functions and Graphs