Assignment

Haram and Mubah

ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE

BS-ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE 03

Submitted By: Sarmad amin

Submitted To: Sir Matiullah Farooqi

SAP: 7024

Haram:
Haram is an Arabic term meaning verboten. This may refer to: either something sacred to which
access is verboten to the people who are not in a state of purity or who are not initiated into the
sacred erudition or to an evil thus "malevolent action that is verboten to be done

Mubah:

Mubah is an Arabic word meaning "sanctioned", which has technical uses in Islamic law. In uṣul
al-fiqh (principles of Islamic jurisprudence), Mubah is one of the five degrees of approbation
(ahkam), and is commonly translated as "neutral", "insouciant" or "(merely) sanctioned".

Kinds of Mubah:

Ijazah: An ijazah (“sanction", "sanction", "license") is a license sanctioning its holder to

transmit a certain text or subject, which is issued by someone already possessing such
ascendancy.

Ijma: is an Arabic term referring to the consensus or accidence of Islamic Philomath on a point
of Islamic law

Ijtihad: Ijtihad (physical or phrenic effort, expended in a particular activity) is an Islamic licit
term referring to independent reasoning or the exhaustive exertion of a jurist's phrenic faculty in
finding a solution to a licit question.

Ikhtilaf: Ikhtilaf ('dissension, difference') is an Islamic scholarly religious discordance, and is

hence diametrical to ijma.

Islam edifies that when there is a scholarly dissension on a certain issue, it is impermissible to
condemn a person who follows a position that is different from one's own. The requisite to
command the right ad enjoin the erroneous does not apply when there is ikhtilaf upon a position.

Istihlal: Istihlal is a term utilized in Islamic jurisprudence, or fiqh, to refer to the act of
regarding some action as permissible, or halaal, albeit it is haraam; the implicative insinuation is
that such a regard is an erroneous and incongruous distortion of Islamic law.
Istihsan: Istiḥsan is an Arabic term for juristic discretion. In its literal sense it signifies "to
consider something good". Muslim Philomath may utilize it to express their predilection for
particular judgements in Islamic law over other possibilities. It is one of the principles of licit
thought underlying scholarly interpretation or ijtihad.

Istishab: Istishab is an Islamic term utilized in the jurisprudence to denote the principle of the
postulation of continuity. It is derived from an Arabic word suhbah meaning accompany. It is
one of the fundamental principles of the licit deduction that surmises the continuation of a fact. It
is predicated on probability and can be applied in the absence of other proofs.

Madhhab: A madhhab ("way to act") is a school of mentally conceived within fiqh (Islamic
jurisprudence).The major Sunni madhhabs are Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i and Hanbali. They
emerged in the ninth and tenth centuries CE and by the twelfth century virtually all jurists
aligned themselves with a particular madhhab. These four schools apperceive each other's
validity and they have interacted in licit debate over the centuries.