Project report

on
Automatic Paper Collection & It’s Stapling

Submitted By
Vinod Dashrath Salve

Nikhil Bhimrao Gawande

Amol Manual Salve

In partial fulfillment of

Bachelor of Engineering
(Electronics & Communication Engineering)

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University

Aurangabad (M.S)

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Deogiri Institute of Engineering and Management Studies,
Aurangabad
(2014- 2015)
 Project report
on
Automatic Paper Collection & It’s Stapling

Submitted By
Vinod Dashrath Salve

Nikhil Bhimrao Gawande

Amol Manual Salve

In partial fulfillment of

Bachelor of Engineering
(Electronics & Communication Engineering)

Guided By
Mrs. A.V.Nikalje

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Deogiri Institute of Engineering and Management Studies
Aurangabad
(2014- 2015)
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that, the project report entitled, “Automatic Paper Collection and Its
Stapling” Submitted by
Vinod Dashrath Salve
Nikhil Bhimrao Gawande
Amol Manual Salve
is a bonafide work completed under my supervision and guidance in partial fulfillment for
award of Bachelor of Engineering in Electronic and Communication Engineering of Deogiri
Institute of Engineering and Management Studies, Aurangabad under Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar
Marathwada University, Aurangabad.

Place: Aurangabad
Date:

Mrs. A.V.Nikalje Prof. M.S.Badmera Prof. R.M.Autee

Guide Co-Ordinator Head of Department
Electronics and
Communication Engineering

Dr. Ulhas Shiurkar

Director
Deogiri Institute of Engineering and Management Studies
Aurangabad (M.S.) 431005
 DECLARATION
This is to certify that, the project report entitled, “Automatic Paper Collection and
Its Stapling” Submitted by

Vinod Dashrath Salve

Nikhil Bhimrao Gawande
Amol Manual Salve
a bonafide work completed under my supervision and guidance in partial fulfillment for
award of Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics & Communication of Deogiri Institute of
Engineering and Management Studies, Aurangabad under Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar
Marathwada University, Aurangabad.

Place: Aurangabad
Date:

Name of the guide

External Examiner Mrs. A.V.Nikalje
 CONTENTS

List of abbreviation vii

List of figures viii
1. INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Necessity 2

1.3 Objectives 2

1.4 Theme of the project 2

2. LITERATURE SURVEY 3
2.1Staple in business 4
2.2Staple in home 5
2.3Staple in medical 6
3. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT 7

3.1 Block diagram 7

3.2 Mechanism 8

3.3 Block diagram explanation 10

3.3.1 PLC 10

3.3.2 Pneumatic cylinder 14

3.3.3 Air compressor 15

3.3.4 Pneumatic solenoid valve 16

3.3.5 IR sensor 17

3.3.6 Relay 18

4. Performance analysis 19

4.1 Operating Instructions 19

4.2 List of Tool Used in a Maintenance 19

4.3 Construction Detail 19

5 CONCLUSION 21

5.1 Advantages 21
5.2 Applications 21

5.3 Future scope 21

REFERENCES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviation Illustration

PLC : Programmable logic control

DC : Direct current

NC : Normally Closed

NO : Normally Open

FRL : Filter Regulator Lubricator

CPU : Central Processing Unit

I/O : Input or Output

LED : Light Emitting Diode

GND : Ground

IR : Infrared

vii
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Illustration Page

1.1.1(a) Parts of Simple Stapler 1

1.1.1(b) Stapling Pin Position 1

2.1.1 Staple in Business 4

2.3.1(a) Surgical Staples Used on a Hip 6

2.3.1(b) Surgical Staple are Used for the Closing

Of incisions and Wounds, a Function

also Performed by Sutures. 6

3.1.1 Block diagram of automatic paper

collection and its stapling 5
3.2.1 Stapling mechanism 6
3.3.1 PLC 8

3.3.2 Roller 9

3.3.3 Pneumatic Cylinder 9

3.3.4 Air Compressor 10

3.3.5 Pneumatic Solenoid Valve 10

3.3.6 Solenoid Valve (Normally Closed) 11

3.3.7 Solenoid Valve (Normally Open) 11
3.3.8 IR Sensor 12
3.3.9 Stepper Motor 13
4.1 Stapling Mechanism 16
4.2 Tray Assembly 16

viii
 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction

In day to day life and also in academic, stapling of a large number of paper bunches
consumes more and more time to staple. A staple is a type of two-pronged fastener, usually metal,
used for joining or binding materials together. Large staples might be used with
a hammer or staple gun for masonry, roofing, corrugated boxes and other heavy-duty uses.
Smaller staples are used with a stapler to attach pieces of paper together; such staples are a
permanent and durable fastener for paper documents, unlike the paper clip. In academic Institute
University send’s an exam paper online in a college website. It is a very difficult task to Xerox
that paper as per the student quantity and also to staple it.

Figure 1.1.1(a) Parts of simple stapler

Figure 1.1.1(b) Stapling pin position

1.2 Necessity

To staple all paper’s (question paper) required man power is up to 10 to 12 people, to

staple that question paper before start of examination. For that purpose we need an automatic
stapling to reduced man power and also reduced the time consumption required to staple by man.
By using this automatic stapling we also collect paper sequentially and then staple it in the form of
bunches. It will collect paper sequentially there for is doesn’t required more man power. This
stapling process is faster and efficient and also a time consumable.

1.3 Objective

Today stapling of any paper is done by manually. But when we staple a paper of bunches
and when it is not in a proper manner then it is tedious task to collect that paper sequentially and
then staple it. It consumes the lot of man power and also a time to overcome that we need a
machine operation to do that. Hence in that project we design a paper stapling as per the
sequential manner automatically. It is a time consumable operation as well as it required less man
power.

1.4 Theme of a Project

In automatic stapling whole assembly controlled by plc, pneumatic cylinder and some
limit switches. Moving element motion can be done by using pneumatic or electrical signal
assembly. When the paper will come in a stapling mechanism then paper sensor will detect the
paper and then motion of a rod can be controlled by using electrical as well as pneumatic signals.
The flat surface limit switches are used to limit the position of rod in upper side as well as lower
side. The paper collection as per the requirement is done by using roller mechanism which is
connected in the paper storage tray.

2
 2. LITERATURE SURVEY

A staple is a type of two-pronged fastener, usually metal, used for joining or binding

materials together. Large staples might be used with a hammer or staple gun for masonry, roofing,
corrugated boxes and other heavy-duty uses. Smaller staples are used with a stapler to attach
pieces of paper together; such staples are a permanent and durable fastener for paper documents,
unlike the paper clip. The word 'staple' originated in the late thirteenth Century, from old
English stapol, meaning "post, pillar". The word's first usage in the paper-fastening sense is
attested from 1895.

Construction staples are commonly larger, have a more varied use, and are delivered by
a staple gun or hammer tracker. Staple gun do not have backing anvils and are exclusively used
for tacking. They typically have staples made from thicker metal. Some staple guns use arched
staples for fastening small cables, e.g. phone or cable TV, without damaging the cable. Faster and
easier devices known as hammer trackers or staple hammers operate without complex mechanics
as a simple head loaded with a strip of staples drives them directly; this method requires a
measure of skill. Powered electric staplers or pneumatic staplers drive staples easily and
accurately; they are the simplest manner of applying staples, but are hindered by a cord or hose.

The term "stapling" is used for both fastening with straight or bent legs; however, when
differentiating between the two, the term "tacking" is used for straight-leg stapling, while the term
"stapling" is used for bent-leg stapling when being contrasted with "tracking".The legs of a staple
can be allowed to protrude out the back side and folded over to provide greater binding than the
friction of straight legs.

Modern staples for paper staplers are made from zinc plated steel wires glued together and
bent to form a long strip of staples. Staple strips are commonly available as "full strips" with 210
staples per strip. More expensive stainless steel staples which do not rust are also available.Some
staple sizes are used more commonly than others, depending on the application required. Some
companies have unique staples just for their products. Staples from one manufacturer may or may
not fit another manufacturers unit even if they look similar and serve the same purpose.

Staples are often described as X/Y (e.g. 24/6 or 26/6), where the first number X is
the gauge of the wire, and the second number Y is the length of the shank (leg) in millimetres.
Some exceptions to this rule include staple sizes like No. 10.Common sizes for the home and

3
 office include: 26/6, 24/6, 24/8, 13/6, 13/8 and No. 10 for mini staplers. Common sizes for
heavy duty staplers include: 23/8, 23/12, 23/15, 23/20, 23/24, 13/10, and 13/14.Stapleless staplers
cut and bend paper without using metal fasteners.

There are few standards for staple size, length and thickness. This has led to many
different incompatible staples and staplers systems, all serving the same purpose or applications.

24/6 staples are described by the German DIN 7405 standard. In the united state, the specifications
for non-medical staples are described in ASTM F1667-05, Standard Specification for Driven
Fasteners: Nails, Spikes, and Staples. A typical office staple is designated as F1667 STFCC-04:
ST indicates staple, FC indicates flat top crown, C indicates cohered (joined into a strip), and 04 is
the dash number for a staple with a length of 0.250 inch (6 mm), a leg thickness of 0.020 inch
(500 μm), a leg width of 0.030 inch (800 μm), and a crown width of 0.500 inch (13 mm).

2.1 Staples in Business

Figure 2.1.1 Staples in business

Staples are commonly considered to be a neat and efficient method of binding paperwork
such as letters and documents in all areas of office business. This is predominantly because of the
low cost and high availability of the staple, and because it’s small size does not detract from the
content of the document.

The large staples found on corrugated cardboard boxes have folded legs, but they are
applied from the outside and do not use an anvil; jaw-like appendages push through the cardboard
alongside the legs and bend them from the outside.

Saddle stitch stapler also known as "booklet staplers," feature a longer reach from the
pivot point than general purpose staplers and are used to bind pages into a booklet or "signature".
Some, such as the Ring King, can also use "loop-staples" that enable the user to integrate folded
matter into ring books and binders.

4
 Outward clinch stapler is blind staples, i.e. there is no anvil, and they are applied with a
staple gun when applied, each staple leg forms a curve bending outwards. This is in part caused by
the shape of the crown, which is like an inverted "V", and not flat as in ordinary staples. Also, the
legs are sharpened with an inside bevel point, causing them to tend to go outwards when forced
into the base material. These staples are used for upholstery work, especially in vehicles, where
they are used for fastening fabric or leather to a foam base.

2.2 Staples in the Home

The most common staples are used with paper. They are almost exclusively applied with a
mechanical stapler which clinches the legs after they pass through the paper. Staples of this type
are used with a desktop stapling machine.

When stapling with a stapler the papers to be fastened are placed between the main body
and the anvil. The papers are pinched between the body and the anvil, and then a drive blade
pushes on the crown of the staple on the end of the staple strip. The staple breaks from the end of
the strip and the legs of the staple are forced through the paper. As the legs hit the grooves in the
anvil they are bent to hold the pages together. Many staplers have an anvil in the form of a
"pinning" or "stapling" switch. This allows a choice between bending in or out. The outward bent
staples are easier to remove and are for temporary fastening or "pinning". Most staplers are
capable of stapling without the anvil to drive straight leg staples for tacking.

There are various types of staples for paper, including heavy-duty staples, designed for use
on documents 20, 50, or over 100 pages thick. There are also speed point staples, which have
slightly sharper teeth so they can go through paper more easily.

5
2.3 Staples in Medical

Main article: Surgical staples

Figure 2.3.1(a) Surgical staples used on a hip

Figure 2.3.1(b) Surgical staple are used for the closing of incisions and wounds, a function also
performed by sutures.

6
 3. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

3.1 Block Diagram

Paper IR Stapling
mechanism
Input Sensor

PLC Pneumatic
Actuation
Controller

Stapled paper
output

Figure 3.1.1 Block diagram of automatic paper collection and its stapling

Above fig3.31.1 shows the block diagram of Automatic paper collection and its stapling.
In this block diagram we used Xerox paper as input and they are in the form of bunches. The
bunch of paper inserted on the stapling mechanism of the system . The stapling mechanism totally
controlled by PLC which is having a lad type of programming. The sensor will detect the paper
and as per that the motion of a stapling mechanism is works. When the sensor sense the paper then
the pneumatic cylinder get actuated according to the programming logic. The pneumatic double
actuating cylinder used in this system. the double acting cylinder is controlled by using the
solenoid valve. The solenoid valve is a flow control unit which controls the flow of air. The air
pressure is given by a compressor unit which stores the air pressure of atmosphere. The FRL unit
are used in this to Filter, Lubricate and Regulate the air pressure. The air pressure control done by
using solenoid valve which is control by using the relay. The relay is a one type of ON/OFF
control unit which provides a ON and Off action to the solenoid valve. At the output side we
collect the staple paper output as per we required.

7
3.2 Mechanism

Figure 3.2.1 Stapling mechanism

Above fig shows the stapling mechanism of a system. The whole stapling mechanism is
control by using PLC programming. All components are controlled by electrical signals. In
stapling mechanism sensor, stapler, supporting beam, staple pin inlet are used. All the component
is used in this system is work as an analog or digital input or output to the PLC. The stapling
mechanism component work as follows. When a paper comes in a stapling mechanism side paper
sensor detect that. After detecting the paper the motion of a moving rod is start to move the lower
side of a stapling mechanism the downward motion and upward motion is control by using a
double acting cylinder which is operated on a air pressure of a compressor which is controlled by
using solenoid valve. The solenoid valve provides the upper and lower motion controlling air to
the double acting pneumatic cylinder. The pressure exerted in a paper staple pin is controlled by
using PLC. The pressure is exerted on that is very less and unsupportable that’s why we used a
supporting beam to support the system mechanism and also used to apply more pressure on
stapling system mechanism. One stapler used in a bottom of the pneumatic cylinder in which
when we apply the pressure to pneumatic cylinder the stroke of pneumatic cylinder is get moving
in upward and downward direction by using that direction the pressure is exerted on the stapler
which is used in bottom of the pneumatic cylinder.

8
 when pressure is exerted the stapler is goes in to the downward direction in which the
stapler gets a more pressure to provide a stapling on a paper. staple pin inlet is portable to insert
the pin very easily. The metal used in this stapling mechanism is steel type. The operation of
pneumatic cylinder depends on the IR sensor which sense the paper which is inserted on a
mechanism of a stapling. when paper detected the solenoid valve get open and air flow of air
starts. The air passes through the solenoid valve to double acting pneumatic cylinder. Then the
downward motion of a motion is done or the Pneumatic cylinder get actuated. By using that
actuation the Pressure exerted on the Stapler. which used to provide a pressure on a staple pins to
staple the paper properly at a particular position.

9
3.3 Block Diagram Explanation

3.3.1 PLC ( Programmable Logic Control )

Figure 3.3.1 PLC

The S7-1200 programmable logic controller (PLC) provides the flexibility and power to
control a wide variety of devices in support of we automation needs. The compact design, flexible
configuration, and powerful instruction set combine to make the S7-1200 a perfect solution for
controlling a wide variety of applications. The CPU combines a microprocessor, an integrated
power supply, input circuits, and output circuits in a compact housing to create a powerful PLC.
After we download we program, the CPU contains the logic required to monitor and control the
devices in application. The CPU monitors the inputs and changes the outputs according to the
logic of user program, which can include Boolean logic, counting, timing, complex math
operations, and communications with other intelligent devices. Several security features help
protect access to both the CPU and the control program:
● Every CPU provides password protection that allows we to configure access to the CPU
functions.
● We can use "know-how protection" to hide the code within a specific block. See the
"Programming concepts (Page 84)" chapter for details. The CPU provides a PROFINET port for
communication over an PROFINET network. Communication modules are available for
communicating over RS485 or RS232 networks.
① Status LEDs for the on-board I/O
② Status LEDs for the operational state of the CPU
③ PROFINET connector
④ Memory card slot (under door)
⑤ Removable user wiring connector
10
Operating modes of the CPU
The CPU has three modes of operation: STOP mode, STARTUP mode, and RUN mode.
Status LEDs on the front of the CPU indicate the current mode of operation.
● In STOP mode, the CPU is not executing the program, and we can download a project.
● In STARTUP mode, the start up OBs (if present) are executed once. Interrupt events are
not processed during the start up phase of RUN mode.
● In RUN mode, the scan cycle is executed repeatedly. Interrupt events can occur and be
processed at any point within the program cycle phase. We cannot download a project while in
RUN mode.
The CPU supports the warm restart method for entering the RUN mode. Warm restart does
not include a memory reset, but a memory reset can be commanded from the programming
software. A memory reset clears all work memory, clears retentive and non-retentive memory
areas, and copies load memory to work memory. A memory reset does not clear the diagnostics
buffer or the permanently saved values of the IP address. All non-retentive system and user data
are initialized at warm restart. We can specify the power-up mode of the CPU complete with
restart method using the programming software. This configuration item appears under the Device
Configuration for the CPU under Start up. When power is applied, the CPU performs a sequence
of power-up diagnostic checks and system initialization. The CPU then enters the appropriate
power-up mode. Certain detected errors will prevent the CPU from entering the RUN mode. The
CPU supports the following power-up modes:
● STOP mode
● Go to RUN mode after warm restart
● Go to previous mode after warm restart
We can change the current operating mode using the "STOP" or "RUN" commands from
the online tools of the programming software. We can also include a STP instruction in wer
program to change the CPU to STOP mode. This allows we to stop the execution of wer program
based on the program logic. In STOP mode, the CPU ① handles any communication requests (as
appropriate) and ② performs self-diagnostics. In STOP mode, the CPU does not execute the user
program, and the automatic updates of the process image do not occur.
We can download we project only when the CPU is in STOP mode.

11
STARTUP Processing
Whenever the operating state changes from STOP to RUN, the CPU clears the process
image inputs, initializes the process image outputs, and processes the start up OB's. (Therefore,
any read accesses to the process-image inputs by instructions in the start up OBs will read zero
rather than the current physical input value.) To read the current state of a physical input during
the start up mode, we must perform an immediate read. The start up OBs and any associated FCs
and FBs are executed next. If more than one start up OB exists, each is executed in order
according to the OB number, with the lowest OB number executing first.
The CPU also performs the following tasks during the start up processing.
● Interrupts are queued but not processed during the start up phase
● No cycle time monitoring is performed during the start up phase
● Configuration changes to HSC (high-speed counter), PWM (pulse-width modulation), and
point-to-point communication modules can be made in start up
● Actual operation of HSC, PWM and point-to-point communication modules only occurs in
RUN After the execution of the start up OBs finishes, the CPU goes to RUN mode and processes
the control tasks in a continuous scan cycle. Processing the scan cycle during RUN mode For each
scan cycle, the CPU writes the outputs, reads the inputs, executes the user program, responds to
communication requests, updates communication modules, performs internal housekeeping
chores, and responds to user interrupt conditions. These actions (except for user events) are
serviced regularly and in sequential order. User events, which are enabled, are serviced according
to priority in the order in which they occur. The system guarantees that the scan cycle will be
completed in a time period called the maximum cycle time; otherwise a time error event is
generated. Each scan cycle begins by retrieving the current values of the digital and analog
outputs from the process image and then writing them to the physical outputs of the CPU, SB, and
SM modules configured for synchronous update (default configuration).

12
Downloading the elements of we program
We can download the elements of we project from the programming device to the CPU.
When we download a project, the CPU stores the user program (OBs, FCs, FBs and DBs) in
permanent memory. We can download we project from the programming device to we CPU from
any of the following locations:
• "Project tree": Right-click the program element, and then click the context-sensitive "Download"
selection.
• "Online" menu: Click the "Download to device" selection.
• Toolbar: Click the "Download to device" icon.

13
3.3.2 Pneumatic Cylinder
 Figure 3.3.3 Pneumatic Cylinder
Double Acting Cylinders are equipped with two working ports- one on the piston side and
the other on the road side. To achieve forward motion of the cylinder, compressed air is admitted
on the piston side and the rod side is connected to exhaust. During return motion supply air
admitted at the rod side while the piston side volume is connected to the exhaust. Force is exerted
by the piston both during forward and return motion of cylinder. Double acting cylinders are
available in diameters from few mm to around 300 mm and stroke lengths of few mm up to 2
meters.

Fig 3.3.3(a) symbolic representation of Pneumatic cylinder

In automatic paper stapling the pressure is provided by using the pneumatic cylinder which
is produced a pressure on the staple pin to staple the paper properly. The pneumatic cylinder is
worked on the compressed air pressure. To produced compressed air pressure we used compressor
which is having capacity to produced air pressure up to 6 bar. The pneumatic cylinder which is
having the stroke of 50 mm is sticks on the stapler which is produced the pressure on the staple
pin and then the staple is done properly on the paper.
14
3.3.3 Air Compressor
 Figure 3.3.4 Air Compressor
Air compressor is a device that converts power (using an electrical motor, diesel gaoline
engine etc.) into potential energy stores in a pressurised air. By one of several method air into a
storage tank , pressure reaches its upper limit the air compressor shuts off. The compressed air
then is held in the tank until called into use. The energy contained in compressed air can be used
for a variety of applications utilized the kinetic energy of the air as it is released and tank its lower
limit the air compressor turns on again and pressurizes the tank.
To prevent any damage to the compressor, the contaminants present in the air need to be
filtered out. This is done by using inlet filters. These can be dry or wet filters. Dry filters use
disposable cartridges. In the wet filter, the incoming air is passed through an oil bath and then
through a fine wire mesh filter. Dirt particles cling to the oil drops during bubbling and are
removed by wire mesh as they pass through it. In the dry filter the cartridges are replaced during
servicing. The wet filters are cleaned using detergent solution.
The air compressor used in this project to compress the air by using the FRL (Filter
regulator and lubricator). In compressor first the atmospheric air is compressed and then this
compressed air is transferred to the FRL unit. In which the dust particles which is present in air
remove by using filter section then air is transferred to the regulator to regulate that air pressure
and then we are providing the lubrication for no loss will occurred in system. As per our
requirement the FRL unit is provide the air pressure.

15
3.3.4 Solenoid Valve
Most solenoid valves operate on a digital principle. They thereforepossess two distinct
states, which are (1) - when the coil is activated by an electrical current, and (2) - when the valve
is resting (without electricity). Valve functions are defined from the resting position.
 Figure 3.3.5 Pneumatic solenoid valve

The direct acting or pilot operated solenoid valves may have two functions:
Normally Closed (NC)
A solenoid valve is normally closed (abbreviated - NC) if there is no flow across the valve in its
resting position (with no current on the solenoid contacts).

Figure 3.3.6 Solenoid valve (normally closed)

Please note that in the case of 3-way solenoid valves, port A isopen to port R which, for example,
enables the valve’s single-action cylinder to be exhausted to atmosphere.

16
Normally Open (NO)
A solenoid valve is said to be “normally open” (abbreviated NO) when it enables fluid to pass in
its resting position (with no current on the solenoid contacts).
 Figure 3.3.7 Solenoid valve (normally open)
A specific choice of entry ports can change a valve’s function. However, since balanced-force
calculations take rebound effects, coil effects and the effects of pressure exerted on the seal into
Account, the performance of an NC valve fitted in an NO position would be reduced. In this
configuration it would be better to choose a universal solenoid valve.
3.3.5 Sensor
The sensor used in this system is a object detected sensor which is act as a simple IR
sensor. To detect only paper we used object detected sensor. In this system the paper is collected
bas per the sequential manner and then it is pass through the roller and then to detect that paper we
used simple IR paper detector sensor. This Medium Range Infrared sensor offers simple, user
friendly and fast obstacle detection using infrared; it is noncontact detection. The implementations
of modulated IR signal immune the sensor to the interferences caused by the normal light of a
light bulb or the sun light. The sensing distance can be adjusted manually

Figure 3.3.8 IR Sensor

17
. The product features include:
• 5V powered, low current consumption, less than 10mA.
• 3 pin interface which are signal, GND and 5V.
• Small LED as indicator for detection status.
•Obstacle detection up to 8 cm
•Adjustable sensing range (2cm – 8cm).
•Small size makes it easy to assembly.
• Single bit output
•Compatible with all types of microcontrollers and Arduino
Infrared sensor uses special sensor to modulate IR signal emitted from 2 IR transmitters
and detects the modulated IR signal reflected back from a nearby object. This sensor has a built-in
IR LED driver to modulate the IR signal at 38KHz to match the built-in detector. The modulated
IR signal immunes the sensor from the interferences caused by the normal light of a light bulb or
the sun light. The module will output a HIGH if no object is detected and a LOW if an object is
detected.
The Medium Range Infrared Sensor has a sensing range of approximately 2cm to 8cm.
The sensitivity can vary with the reflectivity of the object and the ambient lighting. The
modulated IR signal will reflect more on white surface and reflect less on black surface. The
sensor is designed to adjustable sensing range. User may adjust sensing range by using the preset
on infrared sensor for different application.

3.3.6 Relay
A relay is usually an electromechanical device that is actuated by an electrical current. The
current flowing in one circuit causes the opening or closing of another circuit. Relays are like
remote control switches and are used in many applications because of their relative simplicity,
long life, and proven high reliability. Relays are used in a wide variety of applications throughout
industry, such as in telephone exchanges, digital computers and automation systems. Highly
sophisticated relays are utilized to protect electric power systems against trouble and power
blackouts as well as to regulate and control the generation and distribution of power. In the home,
relays are used in refrigerators, washing machines and dishwashers, and heating and air-
conditioning controls. Although relays are generally associated with electrical circuitry, there are
many other types, such as pneumatic and hydraulic.
18
All relays contain a sensing unit, the electric coil, which is powered by AC or DC current.
When the applied current or voltage exceeds a threshold value, the coil activates the armature,
which operates either to close the open contacts or to open the closed contacts. When a power is
supplied to the coil, it generates a magnetic force that actuates the switch mechanism. The
magnetic force is, in effect, relaying the action from one circuit to another. The first circuit is
called the control circuit; the second is called the load circuit.
The relay are used in a automatic stapling to a to control the ON/OFF action of pneumatics
system. The control actions are provided by using the solenoid interfacing to the relay is having a
three terminals NO, NC, and common. When we actuate the double acting cylinder using the relay
get at its NO position. When another actuation is done then its goes t the NC position which is
having the common terminal. The ratings of the relay is same in that of the plc ratings at which
ON, OFF action can be easily control.

19

4. Performance Analysis
4.1 Operating Instructions of Automatic Paper Collection & its Stapling
 Operating system of Automatic Paper Collection & It’s Stapling consists of
following procedure shown in below:-
4.1.1 Switch on Procedure
a. Ensure that the main switch is off
b. Switch on main MCB
c. Fill the paper in a tray as per the same paper bunches in two parts
d. Switch in the main MCB
e. Make sure that the paper is collected one by one
f. Make sure that the no folded or blank paper in the tray.
g. After operation is performed make sure the paper is staple properly according to
the sequence
4.1.2 Switch off Procedure
a. Switch off the MCB
b. Ensure that no paper is remaining in a tray.
c. Switch off the main power supply
4.2 List of Tool Used in a Maintenance
a. Digital Multimeter
b. Cutter
c. Screw Driver Set
d. Extension Board
4.3 Construction Detail
In this project the operation is carried out according to the plc control. The
component is interface according to PLC logic. According to that PLC logic when we
performed the operation in actual implementation board it will perform but carried more
time to staple the paper. To overcome that we are perform the operation 2-3 times and
change the PLC logic according o the operation. In this automatic stapling we staple the
paper according to the sequential manner. We collect the 2 paper bunch according to
sequence and tried to staple it also having some collection problem when paper is
collected it will not collected one by one.

20
 There are more than one paper is collected in that system to overcome that system
we used a Xerox machine assembly in which the paper is collected one by one and as per
the sequential manner.

Pneumatic Cylinder

Stapller

Figure 4.1 Stapling Mechanism

The paper is collected according to sequential manner because of delay is given to
the motor which is connected to the roller assembly of Xerox. When it work easily then
the time consumption to collect the paper is very high to overcome that again test that
assembly in multi ways according to that performance we change the parameters used in
the PLC programme.

21
 5. CONCLUSION
5.1 Advantages

 Most kinds of staples are easier to produce than nailsor screws.

 The crown of the staple can be used to bridge materials butted together.
 The crown can bridge a piece and fasten it without puncturing with a leg on either side,
e.g. fastening cable to wood framing.
 The crown provides greater surface area than other comparable fasteners. This is generally
more helpful with thinner materials.
 Used in a high speed application where staple is used.
 this system reduced the time for a binding, stapling etc.
 System having high efficiency in which staple is done in same manner in each paper of
bunch.
 It is a portable device in which we can move it into one space to another.
 Consume less power to operate and its having low cost to construct.
 Most consist in all the type of the stapling systems.

5.2 Applications

 Staples can attach items to paper board for carded packaging

 Staples of stitches can be used to attach the manufacturer's joint of corrugated boxes
 Staples are used to close corrugated boxes. Small (nominally 1/2 inch crown) staples can
be applied to a box with a post stapler. Wider crown (nominally 1 1⁄4 inch) staples can be
applied with a blind clincher
 Staples can help fabricate and attach paperwork to wooden boxes and crates.
 staple the question paper which is came in a institute like college and government sectors.
 it is used in a booklet making industries in which high speed application and large amount
of booklets are stapled.
 Its also used in binding purpose in which temporary binding are required this stapling
machine are used.
 In government sectors exam where the online question paper sends in that examination the
paper stapling is most essential.
 22

5.3 Future Scope

Staplers, like most other mechanisms, are continually adjusted and improved upon.
As new materials and processes are developed, many uses become incorporated into all
kinds of products, the stapler is no exception. Likewise the use for staplers will continue to
increase as one of the latest uses is in the medical field as a substitute for stitches.
 23

REFERENCES

[1]. Online Etymology Dictionary Retrieved 26 October 2012.

[2]. Standard Terminology of Collated and Cohered Fasteners and Their Application Tools,.

ASTM International

[3]. D1974, Standard Practice for Closure of Corrugated Boxes, ASTM.

[4]. Frank E. Comparato, Books for the Millions: A History of the Men Whose Methods and

Machines Packaged the Printed Word, Stack pole Co., Harrisburg, PA, 1971, p. 137ff.

[5].Ewers, William. The Staple Gun in Home and Industry. Sincere Press, 1971.

[6].Capotosto, Rosario. "Pop Goes the Stapler." Popular Mechanics. August, 1987, p. 19.

[7]."Now, a Stapler Can Become a Riveting Tool." Consumer Reports. February, 1987, p. 73.

[8].McCafferty, Phil. "Plastic Nails." Popular Science. April, 1987, p. 66.

[9].Programmable Logic Controller, 5th Edition, by W. Bolton, ELSEVIER.

[10].Programmable Logic Controller Principles and Applications by Webb and Reis, PHI

Publications.

[11]. Distributed Computer Control for Industrial Automations by Poppovik Bhatkar, Dekkar

Publications.

[12]. Computer based Process Control by Krishna Kant , PHI Publications.

[13].Introduction to Programmable Logic Controller by Garry Dunning, Thomson Learning

Publications.

[14].Allen Bradley's PLC Programming Handbook.

[15].Siemens PLC Programming Handbook.

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to place on record our deep sense of gratitude to Prof. R. M Autee, HOD-
Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Deogiri Institute of Engineering and
Management Studies Aurangabad, for his generous guidance, help and useful
suggestions.
We express our sincere gratitude to Mrs. A.V.Nikalje, Dept. of Electronics &
Communication Engineering, Deogiri Institute of Engineering and Management Studies
Aurangabad, for her stimulating guidance, continuous encouragement and supervision throughout
the course of present work.
We are extremely thankful to Dr. Ulhas Shiurkar, Director, Deogiri Institute of
Engineering and Management Studies Aurangabad, for providing me infrastructural facilities to
work in, without which this work would not have been possible.

Student name Signature

Nikhil Gawande(45209)
Vinod Salve (45248)
AmolSalve(45247)