LABORATORY EXERCISE NO.

11
Voltage-current relationship in resistive, inductive, and capacitive
elements

OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this laboratory exercise, the students are expected to be:
1. Comprehend the behavior of a pure R, pure L, and pure C circuits;
2. Relate the behavior of the voltage to current and vice versa in a
pure R, pure L, and pure C circuits;
3. Connect the electrical wiring diagram of an alternating current
circuit system.

MATERIALS/EQUIPMENT REQUIRED:
Quantity Materials/Equipment

1 pc. Voltmeter

1 pc. Ammeter

1 pc. Wattmeter

1 pc. Digital Multi-tester

10 pcs. Resistors

1 pc. Heath kit

20 pcs. Connecting Wires

1 set Power supply

ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 2 - LABORATORY

Introduction:

Electricity is produced by generators at a power stations and then

distributed by a vast network of transmission lines to industry and for domestic
use. It is easier and cheaper to generate alternating current than direct current
and ac is more conveniently distributed than dc since its voltage can readily be
altered using transformers.

Discussion:
The basic inductive device is a coil of wire, called an inductor
or a solenoid. Its functioning is based on the physical fact that an
electric current produces a magnetic field around it. This magnetic field
describes a circular pattern around a current-carrying wire; the direction
of the field can be specified with a “right-hand rule.” When a wire is
coiled up, it effectively amplifies this magnetic field, because the
contributions from the individual loops add together. The sum of these
contributions is especially great in the center, pointing along the central
axis of the coil. The resulting field can be further amplified by inserting
a material of high magnetic permeability (such as iron) into the coil;
this is how an electromagnet is made.

The other type of reactance is capacitive reactance, whose effect

is opposite that of inductive reactance. The basic capacitive device is a
capacitor. A capacitor consists of two conducting surfaces or plates that
face each other and are separated by a small gap. These plates can carry
an electric charge; specifically, their charges will be opposite. By having
an opposite charge on the opposing plate, very nearby but not touching,
it is possible to collect a large amount of charge on each plate.

ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 2 - LABORATORY

 Figure 1. Pure Resistive Load

Figure 2. Pure Inductive Load

Figure 3. Pure Capacitive Load

ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 2 - LABORATORY

Procedures:
1. Connect a coil of inductance of 0.32 henry to a 50hz supply. Determine
the reactance. Draw the wave formed by the voltage and current.

2. Connect the 124 ohms coil to a supply with 5 kHz source. Determine
the inductance. Draw the wave formed by the voltage and current.

3. Connect the 10 microfarad capacitor to a source of varying frequency.

Record the capacitance with 50 Hz and 10 kHz. Draw the wave formed
by the voltage and current.

4. Connect the 23 microfarad to a 230V 60 hz supply. Measure the current

across the capacitor. Draw the wave formed by the voltage and
current.

5. Connect the 100-ohm resistor to a 230V 60 hz supply. Measure the

current across the resistor. Draw the wave formed by the voltage and
current.

Analysis:
1. Draw the electrical diagram of the integration of the voltmeter to
the system.

2. Draw the electrical diagram of the integration of the ammeter to the

system.

ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 2 - LABORATORY

 3. Draw the electrical diagram of the integration of the wattmeter to
the system.

Conclusion:

Problems/Exercises:
1. To measure the ampere of an electrical load, the electrical measuring
instrument is connected in ______________________ with the load.
2. To measure the voltage of an electrical load, the electrical measuring
instrument is connected in ______________________ with the load.
3. To measure the wattage of an electrical load, the electrical measuring
instrument is connected in ______________________ with the load.
4. To measure the resistance of an electrical load, the electrical
measuring instrument is connected in ______________________ with the
load.
5. Identify ten electrical measuring instruments and devices commonly
used in the industry.

ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 2 - LABORATORY

 LABORATORY REPORT RUBRIC
Name of Students: ___________________________ ___________________________
___________________________ ___________________________
___________________________ ___________________________

Exercise No./Title : ___________________________________________________________

CRITERIA NOVICE (0 - 4) AVERAGE (5 - 7) EXPERT (8 - 10) SCORE

Untidy Report. Neat and well-

Submitted laboratory Neat Report. Submitted presented report.
Appearance /
report does not follow laboratory report Submitted laboratory
Organization /
the given format, not follows the given report follows the
Completeness of
organized, and not format, organized, and given format,
Laboratory Report (x
original but with but complete required organized, and with
0.5)
complete required contents. complete required
contents. contents.

Accuracy of Presented an incorrect Presented correct Presented correct

Results/Data Gathered result/data and result/data but result/data and
(x 2) incomplete. incomplete. complete.

Ideas are taken from

Ideas are not in
Ideas are in reference the result/data
reference to the
to result/data gathered gathered during the
Discussion of Results result/data gathered
during experiment. experiment. Very
(x 2.5) during experiment. Not
Clear, but not complete clear, complete, and
clear, incomplete and
and too short. sufficient to form
too short.
discussion.

Ideas are very much

appropriate to the
Ideas are somehow experiment that has
Ideas are inappropriate appropriate to the been performed. Very
to the experiment. Not experiment that has clear, complete and
clear, incomplete and been performed. Clear sufficient to form
Conclusion (x 3) too short. Failed to but not complete and conclusion. A
link the results of the too short. A general general theorem or
experiment with a theorem or law was law is formulated
general theorem or law. cited that supports the and discussed
data gathered. reasonably well to
explain the results
of the experiments.

Uses rich and

imaginative
Inappropriate use of
Appropriate choice of language. Excellent
words. Poor grammar and
words. Few grammatical grammar and sentence
Use of Language ( x 2) bad sentence
and syntax errors. Can construction. Ideas
construction. Cannot
express ideas. are expressed
express ideas clearly.
clearly and
precisely.

TOTAL

ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 2 - LABORATORY