MODULE THREE SHORT PAPER 1

Module Three Short Paper

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MODULE THREE SHORT PAPER 2

The parcel which is at the mountain's base that is 0m starts to rise, the temperature is

"00C". This air seems to be unsaturated and therefore continues to increase, but its temperature

falls at a "dry adiabatic lapse rate" of 100C/1000 m. The air parcel pressure rises, leading to a

reduction in the volume of that air parcel [ CITATION Bru93 \l 1033 ].

As this unsaturated air hits the temperature of its dew point, it becomes saturated and the

level of relative humidity is completely 100 %. At this saturation height which is 1000m, the air

starts to condense and clouds are created which leads to precipitation. The air at this height

seems to now increase and cool at a somewhat "moist adiabatic lapse rate" of 60C/1000m.

Additionally, the moist air starts to condense and emits latent heat to the top of the 3000m

mountain.

As the air arrives at the peak, it begins to fall on the lee-side of the mountain and warms

up again at a "dry adiabatic lapse rate", because there is no moisture in the air. This renders the

base of that lee-side to be warmer than the temperature at the windward side.

Coming to the temperature changes at different points. The air at the base of that

windward side begins at 100C temperature. With the "dry adiabatic lapse rate", the temperature at

1000m is shown below:

10× 1000
=10
1000

Thus,

100 C−100 C=00 C

Temperature at top is attained by the "moist adiabatic lapse rate". Moreover, the height is

shown below:

3000 m−1000 m=2000 m

MODULE THREE SHORT PAPER 3

And so the temperature changes by,

2000
×6=120 C
1000

Thus, the temperature at the peak is,

0−12=−120 C

At lee-side the air starts to warm at a" dry adiabatic lapse rate". This implies that the

temperature of the air at the bottom of the lee-side warms by as shown below:

10
×3000=300 C
1000

Hence temperature will be,

−12+30=180 C
MODULE THREE SHORT PAPER 4

References

Brunt, D. (1993). The adiabatic lapse‐rate for dry and saturated air. Quarterly Journal of the

Royal Meteorological Society, 59(252), 351-360.

Stone, P. H., & Carlson, J. H. (1979). Atmospheric lapse rate regimes and their parameterization.

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 36(3), 415-423.