Practical Research 1

Quarter 3 – Module 14:

Literature Review: Elements and
Ethics
Practical Research 1
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 14: Literature Review: Elements and Ethics
First Edition, 2020

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 Practical Research 1
Quarter 3 – Module 14
Literature Review: Elements and
Ethics
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
elements and ethics of literature review. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into two lessons, namely:

• Lesson 1 – Elements of Good Literature Review
• Lesson 2 – Ethics in Literature Review

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. follow ethical standards in writing related literature;
2. present written review of literature

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 What I Know

Read each statement carefully. Write T if the statement is True, F if otherwise. Write
your answers on your notebook.

1. Literature review contains sufficient discussion of the background, processes,

findings, and implication.
2. The main purpose of literature review is to give bases for your research.
3. Literature has to be accomplished by means of providing clear, concrete, and
systematic way.
4. Literature review provides clear discussion on the parameters of your research.
5. Literature review represents the whole claim of your research.
6. You can come up with literature review without consulting other researches.
7. Literature review is mere collection of studies published and unpublished.
8. Literature review has something to do with the findings and result of other
researches.
9. Literature review is just a pile of researches related to your working study.
10. Literature review provides explanation to your research.

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 Lesson
Elements of Good Literature
1 Review
In the previous lesson, you were able to write your literature review. Good job!
However, there are still some reminders that you need to ponder as you hone your
skill in writing literature. These are just recommendations that you need to think
about as you polish what you have written. Do not worry, your literature is good
enough, but you still need to consider these pointers in achieving good literature
review.

What’s In

Read and answer the following questions. Write your answers on your notebook.

1. What is the process of scholarly acknowledging others ideas or work used

in your research?

2. What do you call the main claim of your literature?

3. What serves as your guide in writing literature review?

4. What do you call that summarizes the ideas presented in the body of your
literature?

5. What part of study that contains the discussion of the reviewed study?

Notes to the Teacher

This module let the students to be familiarized with the elements
of a good and ethical literature review.

3
 What’s New

The misAdventures of Bok and Nonoy

Your teacher is very proud of you because like Nonoy and Bok, you do not have
questions anymore. But wait a minute, are you not going to take your pen and begin
revising your literature review? Maybe you are just too tired to do it now. Anyway,
keep going, because you are almost done! With all the journal articles, books, online
sources, and theses and dissertations that you have read, you can establish now a
clear background of your research. After this, you will have a better literature review.

What is It

What makes a good literature review? There are many ways of coming up with a good
literature review. Hence, every writer has their own style on how they can create a
good literature review (Thomas et al., 2015). Here are some suggestions that you may
use in polishing your work. These are the five (5) elements of good literature review:

1. Literature review is intensive. The main purpose of literature review is to

provide background of your research (Ramdhani, Ramdhani, & Amin, 2014).
It has to be intensive wherein all relevant discussion must be included to
clearly understand the parameter and bases of your study. Likewise, this

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 provides an explicit background of what you are writing. Thus, a good
literature review is concentrated, wherein all aspects of it are focused,
explored, and identified.
2. Literature review is concise. Literature review does not represent the entire
claim of the research being reviewed. It is just a part of your research that
provides information about the variables that you are exploring that were
already explored by other researchers on their studies. Therefore, a short
discussion of their processes, findings, and implication is more than enough
to establish the concepts being dealt on your research (Wee & Banister, 2015).
One reviewed literature has to be comprised of one (1) paragraph with six (6)
to ten (10) sentences. However, you can exceed depending on the information
and its relevance to your research.
3. Literature review is logical. Literature review has to be logical, analytical and
rational. It is accomplished through deductive or inductive presentation.
Deductive presentation may begin with most important to lesser important.
On the other hand, inductive presentation may begin with local going to
global. Nonetheless, each sentence has to be in harmony with each other.
4. Literature review is complete. Saturation of the studies related to you research
has to be practiced. It should not be based on the quota of literature you need
to cite but on the relationship of previous researches to your research. But of
course, it is impossible to exhaust all literature in the world related to your
work. It is up to you to decide whether the literature considered clarified all
the inquiries related to your research or not. Thus, all important parts are
present (Reijers et al., 2018).
5. Literature review is recent. The literature to be used have to be conducted
within ten (10) years for it to be called recent. However, there are institutions
that are requiring literature to be only within five (5) years. Though these time
frames differ from each other, their suggested time has to be recent. The more
recent it will be, the better. The wisdom behind this idea is that every day we
discover new things. There is a great possibility that the information on a
certain topic may possibly change.

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 What’s More

Read each statement carefully. Write T if the statement is correct, F if otherwise.

Write your answers on your notebook.

1. The main purpose of literature review is to provide background of your

research.
2. Literature review includes research questions.
3. Literature review represents related literature and studies.
4. Literature review contains short discussion of studies’ processes, findings,
and implication.
5. Literature has to be accomplished by means of providing clear, reliable and
concrete data in systematic way.

What I Have Learned

Read the statements carefully and determine what element of literature review is
described. Write “A” for intensiveness, “B” for conciseness, “C” for logical; “D” for
completeness, and “E” for recentness of the literature. Write your answers on your
notebook.

1. Peter connects in a systematic manner all the research studies from reputable
journal publications in his research.
2. Mike chooses studies highly related to his study.
3. Marta considers the findings and conclusions of the gathered research
articles.
4. Prince searches only for research articles that are recently published.
5. Sophie is careful in choosing research articles. She briefly discussed them in
her study.

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 What I Can Do

Read the statements carefully. Write T if the statement is true, F if otherwise. Write
your answers on your notebook.

1. Literature review needs to be systematic.

2. In making related literature of your research, presentation of information
needs to be short with plenty of errors.
3. In choosing related literature and studies, it has to be unrelated to the
research.
4. Literature review contains literature and studies that are obsolete and proven
not relevant anymore.
5. Presentation of literature review can be in deductive or inductive manner
depending on point of view of the researcher.

Assessment

In four (4) to five (5) sentences, make a short literature review about students’
academic stress using the five (5) sources in the box. Write your composition on your
notebook.

1. According to Dusselier et al. as cited in Young (2017), students’ source of

stress is academics.
2. Stress is part of students’ life (Kan, Altaf, & Kausar, 2013).
3. Cimanes and Guevarra (2017) stressed that students are facing stress
because of their busy life.
4. According to Alzayyat, and Al‐ Gamal, as cited in Caraig, Masangcay,
Villanueva, and Manibo (2020), stress originates from an excess of homework.
5. Jain and Singhai (2017) added that family adds to students’ stress.

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Rubrics on how your composition will be graded

Criteria 5 4 3 2 1
The The
The The
composition composition
composition composition is
is highly is fairly The
is organized moderately
organized organized composition
Organization having 1 idea organized
wherein having 3 is not
that is not having 2 ideas
ideas are ideas not organized
related to the not related to
related to related to
topic. the topic.
the topic. the topic.
The The
The The The
composition composition
composition composition composition
does not has more
Grammar has 1 to 3 has 4 to 5 has 6 to 7
have any than 8
grammatical grammatical grammatical
grammatical grammatical
errors. errors. errors.
error. errors.
Committed 4
Citation Committed 1 Committed 3
Committed 2 or more
format is wrong wrong
Formatting wrong citation wrong
religiously citation citation
format. citation
followed. format. format.
format.

Additional Activities

Search for ten (10) words in the box that are related to the elements of good literature
review. Write your answers on your notebook.

I N T E N S I V E E R C C

I N F O R M A T I O N O O

L O G I C A L B R I E F N

C O M P L E T E R I T P C

R E C E N T R E V I E W I

V A R I A B L E S T A N S

L I T E R A T U R E E M E

U N D E R S T A N D I N G

1. ___________________________
2. ___________________________
3. ___________________________
4. ___________________________
5. ___________________________
6. ___________________________
7. ___________________________
8. ___________________________
9. ___________________________
10. ___________________________

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 Lesson

2 Ethics in Literature Review

You commonly hear ethics as an action that is prescribed by the society. If you think
that ethics is exclusively for action following norms, then, this is just a particle of the
huge concern of ethics. It is because even in literature review, there is an ethics that
you need to follow. Do not worry, you will not be imprisoned if you become
“unethical”, however, your integrity as a novice researcher is on wage. Better to follow
the standards procedures in conducting literature review because a research that is
ethically accomplished is a research that is dignified and with integrity.

What’s In

Arrange the jumbled words related to ethics in literature. Write your answers on your
notebook.

1. B R I E F R B E I F

2. F O C U S E D S U C O F E D

3. G O O D O G O D

4. R E V I E W S R W I E E V S

5. C O N C I S E S N O C I C E

Notes to the Teacher

This module let the students to be familiarized with the elements
of a good and ethical literature review.

9
 What’s New

The misAdventures of Bok and Nonoy

Bok and Nonoy mistakenly thought ethics as proper action or a physical expression.
Well, ethics in literature review is not exclusively an action of doing what is right and
moral. It is more on following the standards of writing literature review. At the end
of the day, after following the proper protocols and standards, your literature review
will be ethical. Let us be ethical writers!

What is It

Ethics etymologically came from the Greek word ethos which means right action. In
any society, standard action is ought to be followed. For example, if you go out, you
need to wear facemask. If you will buy goods, you need to fall in queue. Aside from
that, we respect elders, those in authority, and people around us. In literature review,
we also follow ethics. But this ethics is not expressed through concrete action like
bowing our heads, using “po” and “opo”, or being generous to others. This is
manifested to the way we write our literature review. Hence, these are five (5) ethical
ways on writing our literature review that we need to follow.

1. Observe proper citation. In writing academic text like research, you ought to
observe proper citation. This is from proper paraphrasing to correct citation
entry in different citations. Observance of this is one way of acknowledging

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 their contribution, as well as your professionalism. As a novice researcher,
you need to master different kinds of citation styles depending on what your
institution is requiring you.
2. Keep the original thoughts. There are many times that we lose the original
thoughts of the text that we are paraphrasing. It is unethical if we will just
cite writing wherein the original essence of the sentence is different from what
we have interpreted it or written down. We need to be abreast with proper
skills in paraphrasing and interpreting others’ work.
3. Avoid biases. As a novice researcher, it is important that you eliminate
personal interest or biases on your studies (Fleming & Zegwaard, 2018). You
should be fair, not one sided. This is not just demeaning your literature but
also destroying the integrity of research as vessel of new knowledge. Therefore,
any form of biases has to be eliminated.
4. Be scientific. Becoming scientific is to have strong basis on reviewing
literature. One has to state only what is written and provided evidence alone
not on personal and intuitive deductions of interpretation.
5. Embrace positivism. Research is always geared towards positivity. Thus, the
literature review has to be in line with positivism (Polonski, 2004). Though not
all reviewed literature is an affirmation of your research, negation of it on the
other hand provides clearer picture of implication.

What’s More

Read and answer the following questions. Write your answers on your notebook.

1. What is the word that refers to right action?

2. What do you commit when you write something that is only favoring only one
side?
3. In literature review, what do you use to give credit to the original author of the
idea?
4. In writing literature review, what do you call when you provide strong basis or
evidence to your claim?
5. What is the word that refers to positive and affirmation action toward others
study?

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 What I Have Learned

Read the following statements carefully. Write T if the statement is True, F if

otherwise. Write your answers on your notebook.

1. Observance of proper citation is writing everything that you see in others’

work.
2. Paraphrasing is only applicable to your original ideas.
3. Ethics in literature review is doing what you think is right.
4. Research review is always geared towards positivism.
5. Evidence is only a secondary factor in research that is why citation is just an
additional work.

What I Can Do

Search for ten (10) words in the box that are related to the elements of good literature
review. Write your answers on your notebook.

C I T A T I O N T A R C C
S C I E N T I F I C N O O
B I A S E S S R E V I E W
O R I G I N A L R I T P C
D E D U C T I V E I E W I
L I T E R A T U R E A N S
E T H I C S U A C T I O N
U N D E P O S I T I V E G

1. ___________________________ 6. ___________________________

2. ___________________________ 7. ___________________________

3. ___________________________ 8. ___________________________

4. ___________________________ 9. ___________________________

5. ___________________________ 10. __________________________

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 Assessment

In four (4) to five (5) sentences, make a short literature review about students’
behavior inside the classroom using the five (5) sources in the box. Write your
composition on your notebook.

1. According to Abun (2017), human behavior can be love, respect, care,

domination, control or destroy.
2. Supportive system can help students with behavioral problem inside the
classroom (Cheon et al., 2014).
3. Inspiring students helps them to divert their negative behavior (Dallimore,
Hertenstein & Platt, 2010)
4. Interaction among students affect their emotions (Hafen et al., 2015).
5. According to Rashid and Zaman (2018), teachers’ behavior affects students’
behavior.

Rubrics on how your composition will be graded

Criteria 5 4 3 2 1
The The The
The
composition composition composition
composition
is highly is moderately is fairly The
is organized
organized organized organized composition
Organization having 1 idea
wherein having 2 having 3 is not
that is not
ideas are ideas not ideas not organized
related to the
related to related to the related to
topic.
the topic. topic. the topic.
The The
The The The
composition composition
composition composition composition
does not has more
Grammar has 1 to 3 has 4 to 5 has 6 to 7
have any than 8
grammatical grammatical grammatical
grammatical grammatical
errors. errors. errors.
error. errors.
Committed
Citation Committed
Committed 1 Committed 2 4 or more
format is 3 wrong
Formatting wrong citation wrong citation wrong
religiously citation
format. format. citation
followed. format.
format.

13
 Additional Activities

Search five (5) related studies that are relevant to your research. From those
literature, compose an eight (8) to ten (10) literature review. Write your composition
on your notebook.

Rubrics on how your composition will be graded

Criteria 5 4 3 2 1

Searched
Searched for Searched for Searched for Searched for
Sources for 5
4 sources 3 sources 2 sources 1 source
sources

Presentatio Presentation
Presentation Presentation Presentation
n of ideas is of ideas is
Organization of ideas is of ideas is not of ideas is
very somehow
coherent. so coherent. not coherent.
coherent. coherent.
The essay The essay
The essay The essay The essay has
does not has more
has 1 to 3 has 4 to 5 6 to 7
Grammar have any than 8
grammatical grammatical grammatical
grammatical grammatical
errors. errors. errors.
error. errors.

14
 15
Additional Activities What I Can Do What I Have Learned
1. intensive 1. T 1. C
2. information 2. F 2. A
3. brief 3. F 3. D
4. logical 4. F 4. E
5. complete 5. T 5. B
6. recent
7. review
8. variable
9. literature
10. understand
What’s More What’s In What I Know
1. T 1. proper citation 1. T
2. F 2. thesis statement 2. T
3. T 3. outline 3. T
4. T 4. conclusion 4. T
5. T 5. literature review 5. F
6. F
7. F
8. T
9. F
10. T
Lesson 1
Answer Key
 16
What I Can Do
1. citation
2. scientific
3. bases
4. deductive
5. original
6. literature
7. ethics
8. review
9. action
10. positive
What I Have Learned What’s More What’s In
1. F 1. ethical 1. brief
2. F 2. bias 2. focused
3. F 3. proper citation 3. good
4. T 4. evidence 4. reviews
5. F 5. positivity 5. concise
Lesson 2
References
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