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Implementation of Fuzzy Logic in Engineering Management

Conference Paper · August 2008

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 9th International conference on Sciences and Techniques
of Automatic control & computer engineering

Implementation of Fuzzy Logic in

Engineering Management

Amer R. Zerek1 , Mostafa B.Abuitbel 2 , Moammer H.Dhaw3 , Nabel K.Abd Ali4 and
Ibrahim A.Faraj5
1
Associate Professor, Electric and Electronic Engineering Department, Academy of
Engineering, Tajura, Libya.
ARZ_amer@yahoo.com
2 Electronic Eng. Dept Engineering Academy Tajoura – Libya

abuitbel88@yahoo.com
3
Engineer, Academy of Graduate Studies Computer Department, Tripoli, Libya
Emammer71@yahoo.com
4 Engineer, Academy of Graduate Studies mechanical Department, Tripoli, Libya.
Nabelkadum@yahoo.com
5
Engineer, Academy of Graduate Studies Computer Department, Tripoli, Libya
Ibarhim_faraj2000@yahoo.com

Abstract. This paper aims at discusses the effect of production factors in the
total cost by using fuzzy logic theory. The study will focus on the effect of waste
of wool during preparation stage before using it in another department of
production, also the effect of waste of time on the total production cost.

Keywords. Fuzzy logic, Production factors, Membership function.

1. Introduction

The Variation and increasing the production costs of any product lead to an increase
in the costs of the product itself, and results in the decrease of the competitive power
of this product with other competitive products in the market. In order to make
available a local product with a high quality and a suitable price, the effective factors
on production costs, the nature of the relation among these factors must be kept in
mind, From here , the notion of this study which include "The Effective Factors on
the Production Costs" with its two kinds; the direct and indirect costs. Wool Textile
Company in Bani-Walid was taken as a case study for this research. This selection is
due to the role of this complex in providing the Libyan market with the various kinds
of carpets, and also due to the competitive share in both the local and the international

STA'2008-SSI-403, pages 1-9

Academic Publication Center of Tunis, Tunisia
markets, and the variety of the competitive products which may compete the local
product. This study is to be carried out in the form of field visits, gathering data,
analyzing them through a program, in order to discover the relationship among those
factors, and stating the extent of effect for each factor on the total production costs;
reaching results that might reduce the cost, increase the production and promoting the
quality and the competitive position of the product as well.
This paper is divided into three sections as follows: section 2 presents a brief
descriptions of the mechanism of fuzzy logic control including that Fuzzification of
production factors (wastage of wool and time), Production costs, Rule base that
defines the behavior of the system, Defuzzification the results from this system,
furthermore also it include a numeric example of using our system. And finally the
paper concludes with a discussion of the results in section 3.

2. Fuzzy logic

The first fuzzy logic control algorithm founded theoretically by Zadeh [1] and
implemented by Mamdani [2] was constructed to synthesize the linguistic control
protocol of a skilled human operator. Two major applications of fuzzy systems are
fuzzy modeling and fuzzy control. The design procedure is depended both on
capturing human expert knowledge and dealing with uncertainty. It can be initialized
by prior knowledge and can be adapted by the use of process data (measurements) [3].
This ability can be considered as direct knowledge transfer in the form of fuzzy rules,
which is the main advantage of fuzzy inference systems [4]. Hence, such fuzzy
systems can be regarded as fuzzy expert systems [5].It can be seen from figure (1)
below the mechanism of the fuzzy logic control.

Fig. 1. The mechanism of the fuzzy logic control.

2.1 Fuzzification of production factors

In this system, we have two major factors that determine the final cost. These factors
are waste of wool and waste of time.

2.1.1 Wastage of wool

When the raw material (wool) passes through preparation stages, some of it is wasted,
and that leads to an increase in the production costs .Therefore, we will study the
effect of actual waste in wool material by kg per day during preparation stages before
transferring it to the Production Department according to costs from Feb. 2007 to
Jul. 2007.
By using fuzzy logic theory, we define the linguistic variable for the first input and
linguistic value for it and divide the universal discourse for six categories from (very
low, …, very high ) respectively .We must note that the value of wool waste is a
percentage value (from 0% to 13%) [6], Figure (2) shows that.

Fig. 2. Membership function of wool waste

2.1.2 Wastage of time

Waste of time occurs due to under mentioned reasons: shortage of spare parts, lack of
raw materials and labors, electrical and mechanical breakdowns and fires. Also
stoppage of machines in tufted carpets and needle felt carpets departments due to
accumulated productions. We will also study the effect of this factor along with the
previously mentioned factors in the total cost for productions of Woven carpets, tufted
carpets and Needle felt carpets Departments.
Figure (3) ,explains the linguistic variable for second input and linguistic value for it
and also divide the universe discourse for six categories from (very low , …, to very
high ) respectively .We also note that the value of time waste is the absolute value
measured by hour during the same period (from 0 to 50 or more) [6].

1
Membership Value (0 To 1)

Very High
Very Low

Moderate

Medium

High
Low

12.5 22.5 32.5 42.5

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Time Waste (h)

Fig.3. Membership function of time waste

To obtain fuzzy output Mamdani implication will be used which uses (min-max)
approach.

2.2 Production costs

From the company data and practical experience, we suggest the design below for
cost, the universe discourse was divided to six intervals, each interval has own
linguistic value, the costs as we note from figures 4, 5 and 6 are varying depending
on department. The cost is measured in Libyan dinar per square meter.
 1
Membership Value (0 To 1)

Very Low

Moderate

Very High
Medium

High
Low

15.75 16.625 17.5 18.25 19.25 22.75

26
15 16 16.5 17 17.25 17.5 18 18.5 19 19.5 20 Cost (L.D/ Sq.m)

Fig. 4. Membership functions for cost in woven carpet department.

1
Membership Value (0 To 1)

Very Low

Moderate

Very High
Medium

High
Low

2.5 3 3.625 4.125 4.625 5.375

6
2 2.5 3 3.25 3.5 3.75 4.5 4.75 5
Cost (L.D/ Sq.m)
4 4.25

Fig. 5. Membership function for cost in tufted carpet department

 1
Membership Value (0 To 1)

Very Low

Moderate

Very High
Medium
Low

High
2.375 3.25
4
1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25 2.5 2.75 Cost (L.D/Sq.m)

Fig. 6. Membership function for cost in needle felt carpet department.

2.3 Rule base

The above linguistic values are used to specify a set of rules (a rule base) to define
the behavior of the system according to variation of its parameters and captures the
expert’s knowledge about how to model the process. Table (1) explains that.

Table 1. Rule base.

Time Waste
Very Low Low Moderate Medium High Very High
Wool Waste

Very Low Very Low Low Low moderate High Very High

Low Very Low Low moderate medium High Very High

Moderate Low moderate medium High High Very High

Medium moderate medium medium High Very High Very High

High medium medium High Very High Very High Very High

Very High High High Very High Very High Very High Very High

The design process of a fuzzy system is based on knowledge acquisition. It requires

specifying fuzzy sets to disperse all variables and a sufficient number of fuzzy rules to
describe the input/output relation of the problem of interest. Fuzzy sets can be created
by providing characteristic values for all variables and equality relations that
determine the membership degree.

2.4 Defuzzification.

The output, from the rule-based fuzzy systems, is itself a fuzzy set which may have to
be transformed to a numerical value for using controller output. This operation is
called defuzzification.
Several methods of defuzzification are used. The most commonly used is the
defuzzification by center of gravity. [8].

Example: let the waste of wool is 9 Kg and waste of time is 17.5 h in woven carpet
department, then outputs of fuzzification from this system are:
- Membership for waste of wool =medium (1)
- Membership for waste of time =low (0.333)
- Membership for waste of time =moderate (0.333)
To obtain fuzzy output, from the rule base table and use Mamdani implication which
uses (min-max) approach.
- Min {medium wool (1) and lowtime(0.333)} =mediumwoven(0.333)
- Min {medium wool (1) and moderatetime(0.333)} =mediumwoven(0.333)
- Now, max {medium (0.333) and medium (0.333)} = mediumwoven (0.333)
By applying center of gravity method to find the crisp output which represents the
cost for each square meter in final production, which will be 18.25 LD as showed by
figure ( 7 ).
Where center of gravitation calculated by:
µ A is membership value of ith output and A
n

∑µ Ai * Ai , where i base length

CoG = i =1
n

∑A
i =1
i

th
of i output.
 Fig. 7. Crisp output value of cost in woven carpet department

3. Conclusion

In this paper, we used fuzzy logic mechanism to expect final production costs for
square meter for all types of carpets in the company (case study of this paper).
Simulation program with visual basic package was used to analyze the effect of two
factors (waste of wool and waste of time) on final production costs. From
experimental work we can expect the price of square meter for all types of carpets
during the effect of this factor; also we can note increasing of production costs in this
company.

References

1. L. Zadeh, "Outline of a new approach to the analysis of complex synthesis with a

fuzzy logic controller", Int. J.Amn Machines Studies,Vol.7, No.1, 1975, pp. 1-13.
2. E. H. Mamdani, "Application of fuzzy logic algorithms for control of simple dynamic
plant", proceedings of the Institute of Electrical Engineering, Vol. 121, 1974, pp.
1585-1588.
3. E. Rafika , B. S. Ali and M. Naceur. "Fuzzy Modeling and Control of Chemical
Process", conference of Sciences and Techniques of Automatic control. 2007.
4. T. Takagi, T. and M. Sugeno, "Fuzzy Identification of Systems and its Application to
Modeling and Control", IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Vol. 15,
1985, pp116-132.
5. H. Bühler, "Réglage par logique floue", Presses Polytechniques et Universitaires
Romandes, Lausanne, 2007.
 6. Wool Textile Company, Annual efficiency report, Bani- Walled.
7. E. Mamdani, ,"Twenty Years of Fuzzy Control: Experiences Gained and Lessons
Learnt”, Proceedings of the Second IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy
Systems, 1993, pp. 339-44.
8. C.Abdelkader, S. Moez and G. Moncef. "Comparative study between the
conventional regulators and fuzzy logic controller", conference of Sciences and
Techniques of Automatic control. 2007.

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