CHEG 211 Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics

Homework #1
Due: May 23, 2017

Problem 1)

meter. Then, W = mgh = 30 kg x 9.8 
x h m  294h J

It depends on the distance over which the weight falls by gravity. Let the distance be h in

1.1 ∆U  Q  W  0  294 h  294h J

1.2 ∆U  294 h  C T  T   10 kg x x   x4.18 t  25





 

t  25  0.1266h
C

1.3 ∆U  ∆U  0

∆U  ∆U  294h J

Problem 2)

dU  C dT  dq  dW

dT dq dW
C  
dt dt dt

 200 , 0
 
  

4.18 kJ kJ
C  10 kg x  41.8
kg K K

41.8 30  20  0.2t

t  2090 s

Problem 3)

3.1 specific heat of air, C,  29.2

Q  1 mol x 29.2 x 1 K  29.2 J

 

W  1 atm ∆V  1 atm x &  '  1 atm x 1 mol x 0.082 x  


 

  

3.2
0.082 L • atm  0.082 L • atm x   x x  x  8.31 J
 

 

 .    /

3.3 ∆H  29.2 J  ∆U  PV  ∆U  ∆PV  ∆U  nR∆T


•

∆U  29.2  1 mol x 8.31

  x 1 K  20.9 J

Problem 4)

4.1 dV    dT    dP
#$ #$

   dT    dP
# #
$  #$  #$

By definition, β    , κ    
$ $ #  $ #
 #$  #$

 βdT  κdP
$ #  $ #
$

 βdT  κdP  1.487 x 10% x 0  20  62 x 10%& x20  1  0.031

$
$
4.2
$

Problem 5)

(a) heating at constant volume from 1 bar to 5 bar

basis of calculation: 1 mol of air
initial volume: V    0.0831

• x50  273.15Kx  26.854 L 
 •' 



0.026854 m
 '

final temperature, T    1615.76 K

$ ( '  &.() 
•

∆U  Q  W
 .

•

5 J
W=0
Q  ∆U  C ∆T  x 8.314 x1615.76  323.15  26,867 J
2 mol • K
7 J
Cooling at constant pressure:
Q  C ∆T  x 8.314 x323.15  1615.76  37,614 J
2 mol • K
L • bar
1 mol x0.0831 x323.15
∆V  2 mol •K  26.854 L5  21.4832 L
5 bar
 0.0214832 m
W  P* ∆V  5 bar x0.0214832 m   0.10742 bar•m3=10,742 J
Qtotal = 26,867 -37,614 = -10747 J
Wtotal = 0 + 10,742 = 10,742 J

∆U  Q  W  C ∆T  0
(b) Isothermal compression

V J 5.3708
W  RTln  8.314 x 323.15 x ln  4,324 J
V mol • K 26.854
Q = -4324 J
(c) adiabatic compression to 5 bar and 50oC:
dU  C dT  dq  dw  0  PdV  RT $
$

dT R dV

T C V
T V
ln  ln  +%/,
T V
 T V 5.3708 %.)
  +%/,     1.9037
T V 26.854
T  323.15 K x 1.9037  615.18 K
∆U  C ∆T  W
J
W  2.5 x 8.314 x 615.18  323.15  6070 J
mol • K
J
Cooling at constant volume: W =0
Q  2.5 x 8.314 x 323.15  615.18  6070 J
mol • K
Q 
  0  6070  6070 J
W
  6070  0  6070 J

Problem 6)

Q  ∆H
kJ kg kJ kg kJ
30  1.0 x 4.18 x T  25  0.8 x 4.18 x T  75
s s kg • K s kg • K
T = 43.2 oC

1.015x10(
Problem 7)
∆H  10 x 8.314 x 7 85.699  0.801x10% T  9 dT
-.(

T
∆H  414,363 J
)-.(

Problem 8)

dP 
By Clapeyron equation,
∆H  T∆V
dT
From steam table
Psat = 11.74 kPa at 49oC

dP  12.96  11.74kPa kPa

Psat= 12.96 kPa at 51oC
at 50
C   0.61

dT 51  49 C

C
∆V  12,040  0.21672
.
  


(from steam table)
m kPa 10 N/m J J


  .




∆H  323.15 K x 0.21672 x 0.61 x  42720.2

mol K kPa N • m mol
kJ
 2373.3
kg
By Trouton’s rule

∆H
< 13.1
RT
J J kJ
T= 100oC =373.15 K
∆H  13.1 x 8.314 x 373.15 K  40,641  2257.8
mol • K mol kg
 ∆H, kJ/kg
From steam table By Clapeyron Eq. By Trouron’s rule
2,382.9 2,373.3 2257.8

Problem 9)

∆H T  ∆H 25

C  = 7 υ C, dT


/.(

∆H0 25
C,
N2 H2 NH3

J
J/mol 0. 0. -46,110
∆H 25
C  1x0. 3x0. 2 x46,110  92,220
mol
C
 A  BT  CT   DT %
RT
A B, 10-3 C, 10-6 D, 105
N2 3.280 0.593 0 0.04
H2 3.249 0.422 0 0.083
NH3 3.579 3.020 0 -0.186

7 υ C, dT
-.(


J ∆B
 8.314 B∆A373.15  298.15  373.15  298.15 
/.(

mol K 2
1 1
 ∆D C  DE
373.15 298.15
∆A  1x3.280  3x3.249  2x3.679  5.669
∆B  B1x0.593  3x0.422  2x3.02Ex10%  4.181x10%
∆D  BB1x0.04  3x0.083  2x0.186Ex10(  0.661x10(
F/.( υ C, dT  3030.3


-.( 

J
∆H 100
C  92,220  3030  95,250
mol

Problem 10)

0  = n, 7 C, dT  ξ∆H 25

C  = 7 υ C, dT
 
 

C H)  3O  2CO  2H O

, /.(

n,
1 ,  1 mol
Basis of calculation: 1 mol of C2H4

n2
,  1 mol x 3 x 1.25  3.75 mol

79
n
,  3.75 mol x  14.11 mol
21
n,2
,  0 mol
n1
2,  0 mol
ξ  1 mol

C2H4 O2 CO2 H2O

∆H0 , J/mol
 25

∆H C  1x52,510. 3x0. 2 x393,509  2 x242,818

52,510 0 -393509 -241818

J
 1,325,164
mol
C
 A  BT  CT   DT %
RT
A B, 10-3 C, 10-6 D, 105
C2H4 1.424 14.394 -4.392 0
O2 3.639 0.506 0 -0.227
N2 3.280 0.593 0 0.04
CO2 5.457 1.045 0 -1.157
H2O 3.470 1.450 0 0.121

= n, 7 C, dT



J
,

 8.314 x BI1 x C1.424T  298.15

mol • K
14.394 4.392
 x10% T   298.15   J10%& T   298.15 K
2 3
0.506
 L3.75x M3.639T  298.15  x 10% T   298.15 
2
1 1
 0.227 x 10( C  D9 N
T 298.15
0.593
 L14.11 x M3.280T  298.15  x 10% T   298.15 
2
1 1
 0.04 x 10( C  D9NE
T 298.15
 8.314 x BC61.351T  298.15  12.3294x10% T   298.15 
4.392 1 1
 J10%& T   298.15  K  0.28685 x 10(   E
3 T 298.15
= 7 υ C, dT



∆B  ∆C 
 8.314xI∆AT  298.15  T  298.15   T  298.15 
/.(

2 3
1 1
 ∆D C  DO
T 298.15
∆A  1x1.424  3x 3.639  2 x5.457  2 x 3.470  5.513
∆B  I1x14.394  3x 0.506  2 x1.045  2 x 1.450Ox10%  10.922x10%
∆C  I1x4.392  3x 0  2 x0  2 x 0Ox10%&  4.392x10%&
∆D  I1x0  3x 0.227  2 x1.157  2 x 0.121Ox10(  1.391x10(

By using Polymath,
Calculated values of NLE variables
 Variable Value f(x) Initial Guess
1t 2200.805 2.328E-10 5000. ( 0 < t < 10000. )

Nonlinear equations
f(t) = 8.314*(61.351*(t-298.15)+12.3294e-3*(t^2-298.15^2)-4.392/3*1e-6*(t^3-
1 298.15^3)+0.286852e5*(1/t-1/298.15))+ (-1325164+8.314*(5.513*(t-298.15)-10.922/2*1e-
3*(t^2-298.15^2)+4.392/3*1e-6*(t^3-298.15^3)+1.391e5*(1/t-1/298.15))) = 0

T = 2201 K