HYDROLOGY

BFC 32002
SEMESTER 2, SESI 2020/2021

TAJUK : A REVIEW ON VARIATION OF METHODS IN

ESTIMATING EVAPOTRANSPIRATION

Disediakan oleh :

NAMA AHLI NO.

MATRIK
NURMIZATUL ANEESA JOHALMI DF200109
MUHAMMAD AMIRUDDIN BIN DF 200073
AHMAD DAWAM
NURUL ATIKA BINTI FAIZOL KAMAR DF200098
AIDIL SHAHMI BIN HASHIM DF200169
FAKHRUL AMER BIN FAHAMI DF200072

PENSYARAH : DR.MOHD HAIRUL BIN KHAMIDUN

SEKSYEN : S12
KUMPULAN : GROUP 7
TARIKH HANTAR : 24 APRIL 2021
 1. TITLE PROPOSED
A Review On Variation of Methods In Estimating Evapotranspiration

2. INTRODUCTION
Evapotranspiration is a key process of water balance and also an important
element of energy balance. This concept very importance to study about climate
change and evaluation of water resources and very mostly use for application value in
crop water requirement management, drought forecasting and monitoring, effective
water resources development and utilization. This study is a collection of review on
literatures with its scope of work focusing on estimation of actual and reference
evapotranspiration (ETa or ETo). In general, all the literatures that had been reviewed
was proposing the estimation of ETa and ETo at farmland, irrigation field and
rainforest ecosystem. Most agricultural water will be returned to the atmosphere
through the ET process. The process of water loss to the atmosphere is one of the
most significant parts of the hydrologic cycle, and its estimation is subjected to
uncertainties through all the numerous method applied in this field. Therefore,
accurate measurement of ET is crucial in water resource planning and management
practices, field irrigation and the environmental assessment of agricultural regions.

3. OBJECTIVES
- To review several literatures regarding the methods of evapotranspiration
estimation.
- To identify the apparent advantages and disadvantages of the methods of
evapotranspiration estimation.
- To conclude the most effective methods in estimating evapotranspiration concerning
its accuracy and availability.

4. METODOLOGY
As this research study method was encompassed on the theoretical concepts
which only analyzing the previous similar paper instead executing laboratory test
technically in getting the result of discussion, the range of articles that may be used
must be selected wisely and undergoes several phases of screening in order to finalize
this research references paper. This review consisted of 20 journals that been found to
analyze the method of estimating evapotranspiration. This study will review various
types of method to estimating evapotranspiration models and theory. According to
these previous studies, the estimated daily ET from ET at a certain time by various
evapotranspirationmethods are affected by climatic conditions and the underlying
surface, therefore no universal method can be applied, and these methods should be
discussed for various climatic and crop conditions.
5. CONCLUSION
In summary, all the literatures been gathered in this study represents an abundance of
methods in estimating evapotranspiration. All the methods that would be reviewed in
this study are differ to each other regarding its concern in achieving the final purpose
of their research. The scope of study in these literatures mostly about the comparison
between classical methods or numerous widely used methods in this time being.
These methods are flux sites, remote sensing and reanalysis products, MEP model of
ET, Energy Budget Imbalance, Penman-Monteith method, FAO 24 Penman, the
modified Blaney and Criddle, the FAO 24 Makkink, Hargreaves, Priestley – Taylor
(PT), Eddy-covariance (EC), volumentric lysimeters (Lys), water balance (WB),
energy balance (EB), Bowen ratio method. There are also plenty of review that
focusing on the methods in hydrological model such as Integrated Converting
Methods, Classification Gathering Methods, Lysimeters, Atmospheric measurements,
Plant measurements, Soil measurements, High Resolution with Internalized
Calibration (METRIC), Probability Distribution Model (PDM) and the Hydrologiska
Byrans Vattenbalansavdelning model (HBV-light). Some of the literatures also
focusing on the method from empirical to numerical approaches such as Empirical
direct methods, Residual methods of the energy budget, Deterministic method,
Vegetation methods. There is also a review comparing five up-scaling methods from
instantaneous latent heat flux to daily ET which are evaporative fraction method,
reference evapotranspiration and crop coefficient method, modified reference
evaporative and crop coefficient method, surface resistance method and sine methods.
Apart from that, new innovation and methods proposed also had been presented in
this collection of literatures. For instance, the final outcome of several literatures
succeed in upgrading some of existing method such as new sensitivity coefficient,
Simplified Penman Method, modified Bowen method and semiemprical method.
There also literatures that come out with new propose method which are Gravity
Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), stable isotope method and Modified
GG Model. Therefore, all these reviews would be analysis in details in order to
achieve the objectives of this study.
REFERENCES

1. Homin Kim, Doctor of Philosophy Utah State University, 2017, Estimating

Evapotranspiration Using the Complementary Relationship and the Budyko
Framework.
2. Baozhong Zhang, He Chen, Di Xu, Fusheng Li c, June 2016,Methods to estimate
daily evapotranspiration from hourly evapotranspiration.
3. Charles Scarborough,2020,Estimating Crop Evapotranspiration using a Remote
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Ullah*.Asad Ali, Muhammad Aleem, Muhammad Asim Yasin, China,2013,
Estimation of evapotranspiration using Bowen ratio method
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7. Andre B. Pereira, Nilson A. Villa Nova, Clinton C.Shock, 2010, Estimation of
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