TEXTILE TERMS (DUE September 4) Name: Sophia Shute

Textile – a general term used to refer to any flexible material that’s composed of thin films of polymers
or of fibers, yarns, or fabrics or anything made from films, fibers, yarns, or fabrics.

Fiber – any substance, natural or manufactured, with a high length to width ratio and with suitable
characteristics for being processed into a fabric

Yarn – an assemblage of fibers, filaments, or materials twisted or laid together so as to form a

continuous strand that can be made into a textile fabric.

Fabric – a planar substance constructed from solutions, fibers, yarns, fabrics, or any combination.

Finish – any process used to convert unfinished gray goods into a completed fabric.

Serviceability – the measure of a textile product’s ability to meet consumer needs

Performance – the manner in which a textile, textile component, or textile product responds when
something is done to it or when its exposed to some mechanical or environmental element that might
adversely affect it

Quality – the sum total of product characteristics, including appearance, appropriateness for the end
use, performance and interactions of materials in the product, consistency among identical products,
and freedom from defects in construction or materials

7 Serviceability Concepts and Definition of each:

1. Aesthetics- appearance or attractiveness of a textile product

2.Durability- how a product withstands use or the length of time the products is considered
suitable for the use it was purchased for

3.Comfort and Safety- the way a textile product affects heat, air, and moisture transfer and the
way the body interacts interacts with the textile product/ the ability of a textile/textile product to
protect the body from harm.

4.Apperance Retention-how a product maintains its original appearance during use, care, and
storage

5.Care- the treatment required to maintain a textile products original appearance.

6.Environmental Impact- the impact on the environment of the production, use, care, and
disposal of textiles and textiles product.

7.Cost- the amount paid to acquire, use, maintain, and dispose of a product

Staple Fiber – any natural or manufactured fiber produced in or cut to a short length measured in
inches or centimeters

Filament – fibers that are extremely long or yarns made of these fibers

Denier – yarn or manufactured fiber size and weighs in grams for 9000 meters of fibers or yarn

Crimp –a 2d or 3d aspect in which fibers or yarns twist or bend back and forth or around their axis
Amorphous – a random or disorganized arrangement of molecular chains within a fiber

Crystalline – molecular chains that are parallel to each other in a fiber or in regions within a fiber

Abrasion Resistance – the ability of a fiber to withstand everyday rubbing or abrasion

Absorbency or Moisture Regain – the percentage of moisture a bone-dry fiber will absorb from the air
under standard conditions of temperature and moisture

Chemical Reactivity- the type of chemical reaction to which an individual fibers are susceptible

Cohesiveness – the ability of fibers to cling together, which is important in yarn spinning

Compressibility – resistance to crushing

Cover – the ability to occupy space for concealment or protection

Creep –delayed or gradual recovery from elongation or strain

Density and Specific Gravity – the weight in grams per cubic centimeter of an object/the ratio of the
mass of the fiber to an equal volume of water at 4 c

Dimensional Stability – the ability to retain a given size and shape through use and care also refers to a
finish that minimizes fabric shrinkage or growth and use or during care

Drape – The matter in which are fabric falls or hangs over at 3D form

Dyeability – The fibers receptivity to coloration by dyes or it's dye affinity

Elasticity –The ability of a strange material to recover its original size and shape immediately after
removing stress

Elastic Recovery –the ability of fibers to recover from strain

Electrical Conductivity –the ability to transfer electrical charges

Elongation –the ability of a fiber to be stretched extended or lengthened

Flammability –the characteristics of a fabric that pertain to its relative ease of ignition, and ability to
sustain combustion

Flexibility – The ability of a fiber to band repeatedly without breaking.

Hand – the way of fiber feels to the sense of touch.

Heat Conductivity – the ability to conduct heat away from the body.

Heat or Thermal Retention –The quality of being hot/ the amount of heat an object or material can
store overtime.

Heat Sensitivity –The ability to soft, melt, or shrink when subjected to heat.

Hydrophobic – tending to repel or fail to mix with water.

Hydrophilic or Hygroscopic – Fibers with high moisture absorbency or regain.

Light Resistance or Sunlight Resistance –Finish or fiber modification to minimize the degradative effects
of sunlight on fiber or die.

Loft or Compression Resiliency – The ability to spring back to original thickness after being compressed..

Luster –the way light is reflected from the fiber or fabric surface .

Oleophilic – fibers that have a high affinity or attraction to oil .

Pilling –the formation of tiny balls of fibers and lent on the surface of the fabric .

Resiliency – The ability to return to original shape after bending, twisting, compressing, or a combination
of these deformations.

Stiffness or Rigidity – The resistance to bending or creasing of a fabric.

Strength or Tenacity or Tensile Strength – The ability to resist stress Anas expressed as tensile strength
or as tenacity. Breaking tenacity is a number of grams of force to break a fiber.

Sustainability – Describes practices and policies that reduce environment pollution, do not exploit
people or natural resources in meeting the lifestyle needs of the present, and do not compromise the
future.

Texture – Describe the nature of a fabric surface as perceived by side or touch.

Translucence –The ability of a textile to allow light to pass through it.

Wicking –The ability of a fiber to transfer moisture along its surface.