LIST OF FIGURES

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1. Top view of square loop antenna with 4 feeding points 20
2. Schematic diagram of double square loop antenna 21
3. Designing of conductor arm with length=30mm and width=1.5mm 25
4. Design of square loop 1 26
5. Design of square loop 2 27
6. Merging of 2 square loops at 45° to each other with a common centre 28
7. Specifications of real and imaginary part of impedance in
single feeding port for outer and inner feeding configurations 29
8(a) Single feeding port for outer feeding configuration 30
8(b) Single feeding port for inner feeding configuration 30
9. Substrate layer: free Space Specifications 31
10. Substrate layer: alumina Specifications 32
11. Substrate layer: ground Specifications 33
12. Top and side view of double square loop antenna with eight feeding
points: outer feeding configuration 35
13. S-Parameter specification: outer feeding configuration 36
14. Return loss: outer feeding configuration 37
15. Radiation pattern computation at 2.7GHz 38
16. Antenna parameters at 2.7GHz 39
17. Radiation patterns of antenna for configuration OA at 2.7 GHz 41
18. Radiation patterns of antenna for configuration OA at 4.3 GHz 43
19. OA configuration beam switching for 8 feeding points 45
20. Top and side view of double square loop antenna with eight
feeding points: inner feeding configuration 46
21. S-Parameter specification: inner feeding configuration 47
22. Return loss: inner feeding configuration 48
23. Radiation pattern computation at 3GHz 49
24. Radiation patterns of antenna for configuration IA at 3 GHz 51
25. Radiation patterns of antenna for configuration IA at 5.7 GHz 53
26. Direction of E max and max, versus frequency 55
27. 3dB beam swing for all the feeding configurations 56

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28. Top and side view of double square loop antenna with eight outer
feeding and eight inner feeding points with varying permittivity 58
29. max with permittivity at ‘OA’ 59
30. max with permittivity at ‘IA’ 60
31. max and max with Permittivity 61
32. Radiation patterns of antenna for configuration
IA at 5.7GHz at Permittivity 2.5 62
33. Input Impedance Vs Permittivity for OA configuration 63
34. Input Impedance Vs Permittivity for IA configuration 64

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