1

Q.
Expl
aint
hety
pesofnet
wor
ktopol
ogy
.[l
ongquest
ion]
ver
yimpor
tant
.
Memori
zeit
.

Ty
pesofNet
wor
kTopol
ogy
NetworkTopol
ogyistheschematicdescri
pti
onofanetworkar
rangement,
connect
ingvar
iousnodes(senderandrecei
ver)t
hroughl
i
nesofconnecti
on.
BUSTopol
ogy
Bustopologyisanetwor
ktypei
nwhi chever
ycomput
erandnetwor
kdevi
cei
s
connect
edt osingl
ecabl
e.Whenithasexact
lyt
woendpoi
nts,
theni
tis
cal
led 
LinearBustopol
ogy.

Feat
uresofBusTopol
ogy

1.I
ttransmit
sdataonl
yinonedi
rect
ion.
2.Everydev
icei
sconnectedt
oasinglecabl
e

Adv
ant
agesofBusTopol
ogy

1.I
tiscostef f
ecti
ve.
2.Cablerequir
edisleastcomparedtoot
hernetwor
ktopol
ogy
.
3.Usedinsmal lnetworks.
4.I
tiseasyt ounderstand.
5.Easytoex pandjoini
ngtwocablest
ogether
.

Di
sadv
ant
agesofBusTopol
ogy

1.Cabl
esfail
sthenwhol enetworkf
ail
s.
2.I
fnetworktr
affi
cisheavyornodesaremor
etheper
for
manceoft
he
net
workdecreases.
3.Cabl
ehasal i
mitedlength.
4.I
tissl
owerthanther i
ngt opol
ogy
.
 2

RI
NGTopol
ogy
I
tiscal
ledri
ngtopol
ogybecauseitf
ormsar i
ngaseachcomputeri
sconnect
ed
toanot
hercomputer
,wit
hthelastoneconnectedt
othef
ir
st.Exact
lyt
wo
nei
ghborsf
oreachdevi
ce.

Feat
uresofRi
ngTopol
ogy

1.Anumberofr epeat er
sareusedf orRi
ngtopologywi t
hlargenumberof
nodes,becausei fsomeonewant stosendsomedat atothelastnodei n
theri
ngtopol ogywi th100nodes, t
henthedatawi l
lhavetopasst hrough
99nodest or eacht he100thnode.Hencetopr eventdatalossrepeater
s
areusedi nthenet work.
2.Thetransmissioni sunidi
rect
ional,
3.Dataistransferredinasequentialmannerthatisbitbybit
.

Adv
ant
agesofRi
ngTopol
ogy

1.Transmit
ti
ngnetwor
kisnotaff
ectedbyhight
raf
fi
corbyaddi
ngmor
e
nodes,asonl
ythenodeshavi
ngtokenscantr
ansmitdat
a.
2.Cheaptoinst
all
andexpand

Di
sadv
ant
agesofRi
ngTopol
ogy

1.Troubl
eshoot
ingisdi
ff
icul
tinr
ingtopology
.
2.Addingordel
eti
ngthecomputersdist
urbsthenet
wor
kact
ivi
ty.
 3

3.Fai
l
ureofonecomput
erdi
stur
bst
hewhol
enet
wor
k.

STARTopol
ogy
Inthi
stypeoftopol
ogyal
lthecomputer
sareconnect
edtoasi
ngl
ehubthrough
acable.Thi
shubisthecentr
alnodeandal
lot
hersnodesar
econnect
edtothe
centr
alnode.

Feat
uresofSt
arTopol
ogy

1.Ever
ynodehasitsowndedicatedconnect
iont
othehub.
2.Hubact
sasar epeat
erfordatafl
ow.
3.Canbeusedwithtwi
stedpair
,Optical
Fibr
eorcoaxi
alcabl
e.

Adv
ant
agesofSt
arTopol
ogy

1.Fastperfor
mancewi t
hf ewnodesandlownetworktr
aff
ic.
2.Hubcanbeupgr adedeasily.
3.Easytotroubl
eshoot.
4.Easytosetupandmodi fy.
5.Onlythatnodeisaff
ectedwhichhasfai
led,
restoft
henodescanwor
k
smoot hl
y.

Di
sadv
ant
agesofSt
arTopol
ogy

1.Costofinstal
lat
ioni
shigh.
2.Expensi
vet ouse.
3.I
fthehubf ail
sthenthewholenet
worki
sstoppedbecauseal
lthenodes
dependont hehub.
4.Perf
ormancei sbasedonthehubthati
sitdependsoni
tscapaci
ty.

MESHTopol
ogy
I
tisapoi
nt-
to-
poi
ntconnect
iont
oot
hernodesordev
ices.Al
lthenet
wor
knodes
 4

areconnectedt
oeachot
her
.Meshhas 
n(n-
1)/
2 phy
sical
channel
sto
l
ink 
n devi
ces.
Ther
ear
etwot
echni
quest
otr
ansmi
tdat
aov
ert
heMesht
opol
ogy
,theyar
e:

1.Rout
ing
2.Fl
ooding

MESHTopol
ogy
:Rout
ing
Inrouting,thenodeshav earouti
nglogi
c,aspert henetworkr
equir
ement s.Li
ke
routinglogictodir
ectt hedat
atoreachthedestinati
onusingt
heshortest
distance.Or ,
rout
inglogicwhichhasinf
ormationaboutthebrokenli
nks,andit
avoidst hosenodeset c.Wecanev enhaverouti
nglogic,t
ore-
confi
gurethe
fail
ednodes.

MESHTopol
ogy
:Fl
oodi
ng
I
nfl
ooding,t
hesamedat aist
ransmitt
edtoallt
henetworknodes,henceno
r
out
inglogi
cisrequir
ed.Thenetworkisr
obust,
andtheit
’sveryunli
kel
ytol
ose
t
hedata.Buti
tleadstounwantedloadovert
henet
wor k.

Ty
pesofMeshTopol
ogy

1.Parti
alMeshTopol ogy: 
Inthist
opologysomeofthesy st
emsar e
connectedinthesamef ashi
onasmesht opol
ogybutsomedev i
cesare
onlyconnectedtotwoort hr
eedev i
ces.
2.FullMeshTopol ogy:
 Eachandev erynodesordev
icesareconnectedt
o
eachother.

Feat
uresofMeshTopol
ogy

1.Ful
l
yconnect
ed.
 5

2.Robust
.
3.Notfl
exi
ble.

Adv
ant
agesofMeshTopol
ogy

1.Eachconnectioncancarryi
tsowndat
aload.
2.I
tisrobust.
3.Faul
tisdiagnosedeasil
y.
4.Prov
idessecur i
tyandpr
ivacy.

Di
sadv
ant
agesofMeshTopol
ogy

1.I
nstal
lat
ionandconf i
gur
ati
oni
sdi
ff
icul
t.
2.Cabli
ngcostismore.
3.Bul
kwi r
ingi
sr equi
red.

TREETopol
ogy
I
thasarootnodeandall
ot hernodesareconnect
edtoitformingahier
archy
.It
i
salsocal
ledhi
erar
chi
caltopology.I
tshoul
datleasthav
et hr
eelevel
stothe
hi
erar
chy.

Feat
uresofTr
eeTopol
ogy

1.I
deali
fwor
kst
ationsar
elocatedi
ngr
oups.
2.Usedi
nWideAreaNetwork.

Adv
ant
agesofTr
eeTopol
ogy

1.Extensi
onofbusandstartopol
ogies.
2.Expansi
onofnodesispossibl
eandeasy.
3.Easil
ymanagedandmai nt
ained.
4.Err
ordetect
ioni
seasil
ydone.
 6

Di
sadv
ant
agesofTr
eeTopol
ogy

1.Heavi
lycabl
ed.
2.Cost
ly.
3.I
fmorenodesar eaddedmaint
enancei
sdi
ff
icul
t.
4.Cent
ralhubfai
l
s,networkf
ail
s.

HYBRI
DTopol
ogy
I
tistwodi f
ferentty
pesoftopol
ogieswhichisami xtur
eoftwoormor e
topologi
es.Forexample,i
finanoffi
ceinonedepar t
mentringtopol
ogyisused
and,inanotherstar
,,t
opol
ogyisused,connecti
ngthesetopologi
eswil
lresul
tin
Hy br
idTopology(ri
ngtopol
ogyandst art
opology)
.

Feat
uresofHy
bri
dTopol
ogy

1.I
tisacombi
nat
ionoftwoormoret
opologi
es
2.I
nher
it
stheadv
antagesanddi
sadv
antagesoft
het
opol
ogi
esi
ncl
uded

Adv
ant
agesofHy
bri
dTopol
ogy

1.Reli
abl
easErr
ordetect
ingandt r
oubl
eshoot
ingi
seasy
.
2.Eff
ecti
ve.
3.Scal
ableassi
zecanbei ncr
easedeasi
ly
.
4.Fl
exibl
e.