EMEK ELEKTRIK ENDUSTRISI A.S.

Ankara, TURKEY

INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS AND

LABORATORY TESTING
2016

Orkun Sevim
Chief Quality Engineer
orkun.sevim@emek.com.tr
 MILESTONES

1969 Established to manufacture low and

medium voltage oil filled instrument
transformers.

1971 Licence agreement with BALTEAU / Belgium

HV ITs
MV Epoxy type ITs

1973 Production of the first 170kV CT for

Turkish Electricity Authority (TEK).
 MILESTONES

LABORATORY

1975 Establishment of research and test laboratory,

Capable of performing type and routine tests

up to 525 KV
(except short time current test of CT)

Meeting the requirements of internationally

accepted standards
such as IEC, ANSI, BS, AS, IEEE etc.

Power frequency test set up to 750kV

Lightning impulse test set up to 3000kV , 112,5kJ.
 MILESTONES

1975 Licence agreement with ICAR / Italy

-HV CVTs
-Coupling Capacitors
-Grading Capacitors

1976 Production of the first 170kV CVT for

The Turkish Electricity Authority (TEK).

1982 First export

145 kV current and voltage transformers
to WAPDA, Pakistan
 MILESTONES

1984 Production of the first 420kV CT & CVT for

The Turkish Electricity Authority (TEK).

1985 Production of
first 170kV Disconnecting Switch
 MILESTONES

1994 EMEK was granted ISO 9001

Quality Management System

1998 EMEK’s shares (30%) were offered to

the public through Istanbul Stock
Exchange (EMKEL)
 MILESTONES

2006 EMEK was granted ISO 14001

Environment Management System

2009 EMEK was granted GOST certificate

applicable in Russia and former Soviet
Union Countries
 MILESTONES

2011 EMEK was granted IEC 17025

Accreditation Laboratory by TÜRKAK
TÜRKAK is a member of EA, ILAC

Accredidated to perform all type tests for:

- Current Transformers*
- Voltage Transformers
- Disconnecting Switches*

*Except short time current type test for DS & CT

 MILESTONES

2012 EMEK established new brand , VAEST for

polymeric and epoxy applications

VAEST products :
-Silicone Composite Insulators
-Load Break Switches Envelopes for MV panel manufacturers
-Load Break Switches for railway applications
-All kind of Epoxy Applications (supporting insulators etc.)
 MILESTONES

2013 EMEK manufactured first 525kV CT’s and

CVT’s for NEGK/Krygyzstan,
Supplied through ALSTOM
 MILESTONES

2013 EMEK has been awarded with the

certificate of OHSAS 18001:2007

Health and Safety Management System

 MILESTONES

2014 EMEK has established USA Office.

EMEK USA is located

in S. Carolina
 MILESTONES

2014 EMEK establised a new R&D Company,

in Middle East Technical University

Improvements in Instrument transformers,

Improvements in HV Disconnectors,
Silicon/composite products,
Smart Grid Systems
 FACILITIES

Total land area is around 31,050 m2. This land is utilised as follows:

a) Total plant : 10,397m2

b) Production areas : 7,200m2
c) Interior and exterior warehouses : 1,492m2
d) Offices and social areas : 1,705m2
PRODUCT RANGE

Outdoor, Oil Filled Transformers

*Current Transformers ,
*Inductive Voltage Transformers and
*Capacitive Voltage Transformers
*HV Capacitors
Up to 525 KV
Polymer or porcelain (grey or brown) housing
Capacity: 7.500 units/year
PRODUCT RANGE

Cast Epoxy Resin Current & Voltage Transformers

Indoor & Outdoor

up to 36 KV
Brown or Grey Color
Capacity: 25.000units/year
PRODUCT RANGE

Disconnecting Switches
Centre-Break, Double rotating

Outdoor,
w or w/o ES
w or w/o motor
up to 245 KV
Capacity: 2.000 units/year
HUMAN RESOURCES

EMEK has highly-skilled workforce,

average working period of employees is 14 years.

No. Of Employees:
a) Management : 6
b) Engineering : 35
c) Administration : 7
d) Production : 163
Total : 211
 SALES LIST

EMEK products are supplied to 113 countries all around the world.
 END USER COUNTRIES
EUROPE

Norway Sweden
Russia

Ireland Denmark Estonia

United Kingdom
Germany
Ukraine
Luxemburg Austria Moldova Turkmenistan
Switzerland Hungary
Portugal Spain France Italy Romania Armenia
Croatia Azerbaijan
Malta Kosova

Greece
Northern Cyprus
HV oil immersed
MV Dry
HV oil immersed and dry
 END USER COUNTRIES
MIDDLE EAST

Lebanon
Syria
Iran
Israel Iraq
Jordan
Palestine

Qatar
U.A.E
Saudi Arabia
Oman

Yemen
HV oil immersed
MV Dry
HV oil immersed and dry
 END USER COUNTRIES
ASIA

Mongolia Japan

Krygyzstan

Korea
Tajikistan
Myanmar
Nepal
Nepal Hong Kong Taiwan
Laos

Bangladesh Vietnam
Philippines
Pakistan Thailand

Combodia Malaysia
India

Sri Lanka Singapore

Indonesia
HV oil immersed
MV Dry
HV oil immersed and dry
 END USER COUNTRIES
AUSTRALIA

Guam

Fiji
Australia

HV oil immersed
MV Dry New Zealand
HV oil immersed and dry
 END USER COUNTRIES
AFRICA

Morocco Tunisia

Libya
Egypt

Mali
Ethiopia

Uganda

Ghana Nigeria
Kenya
Tanzania
Angola
Zambia
Zimbabwe

Mozambique
HV oil immersed
MV Dry
South Africa
HV oil immersed and dry
 END USER COUNTRIES
SOUTH AMERICA
Panama
Trinidad & Tobago
Barbados

Colombia Venezuela

Brazil
Ecuador

Peru

Chile

HV oil immersed
MV Dry
HV oil immersed and dry
 END USER COUNTRIES
NORTH AMERICA & CARIBBEANS

Canada

USA

Cuba

Mexico Dominican Republic

HV oil immersed
MV Dry
HV oil immersed and dry
 MAIN CUSTOMERS

since 1990 , 2,581 units

since 1988 , 12,383 units

since 1990 , 5,856 units

Also , registered supplier for and

INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS

What is an Instrument Transformer?

A circuit element that transforms and insulates

voltage or current from higher levels with a
high accuracy.
INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS

Why do we need Instrument

Transformers?

• For metering purposes

• For protection purposes

INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS

Traditional Types of Instrument Transformers

• Current Transformers
• Voltage Transformers
• Inductive Voltage Transformers
• Capacitive Voltage Transformers
CURRENT TRANSFORMERS
VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS

Inductive Capacitive
EMEK TEST LABORATORY

Which Equipments Do We Need To

Perform Tests on Instrument
Transformers?
- Temperature Loggers
- Impulse Generator
- High Voltage Generators
- Artificial Rain Equipments
- RIV Measurement Systems
- Accuracy Measurement Systems
(Bridge, Current/Voltage Sources,
Standard Transformers, Standard
Burdens)
EMEK TEST LABORATORY

Which Equipments Do We Need To

Perform Tests on Instrument
Transformers? (continued)
- PD Measurement Systems
- Capacitance and Dielectric Dissipation
Factor Measurement Systems (Bridges,
Standard Capacitors)
- Oscilloscopes
- Mechanical Testing Set-ups
- Voltmeters, Ampermeters, Ohmmeters
- Frequency converters
- Climatic Chambers
 IEC 61869 Series Standards

IEC 61869-1 - Instrument transformers – Part 1: General Requirements

- Current version is Edition 1.0 2007-10
- First and main standard of relevant product family. All of the standards of this
family is prepared by TC 38 of IEC.
- Scope: newly manufactured instrument transformers with analogue or digital
output for use with electrical measuring instruments or electrical protective
devices having rated frequencies from 15 Hz to 100 Hz.
- IEC 60044 series standards are withdrawn and replaced with IEC 61869 series.
- Specific product standards shall be read together with this standard.
- Edition 2 is in progress. Forecast of publication date: 30.06.2018
IEC 61869 Series Standards

Family
 IEC 61869 Series Standards

We will focus on the tests that are stated by below standards:

- IEC 61869-1 - Instrument transformers – Part 1: General Requirements
- IEC 61869-2 - Instrument transformers – Part 2: Additional requirements for
current transformers
- IEC 61869-3 - Instrument transformers – Part 3: Additional requirements for
inductive voltage transformers
- IEC 61869-5 - Instrument transformers – Part 5: Additional requirements for
capacitor voltage transformers
 Classification Of Tests

Tests Are Classified In 4 Groups

1- Type Tests: Tests made on equipment to demonstrate that all equipment made
to the same specification complies with the requirements not covered by routine
tests.
2- Routine Tests: Tests to which each individual piece of equipment is subjected.
Routine tests are for the purpose of revealing manufacturing defects.
3- Special Tests: Tests other than a type test or a routine test, agreed on by
manufacturer and purchaser.
4- Sample Tests: A selected type or special test performed on one or more
complete instrument transformers out of a specified production batch.
 Type Tests

Type Tests
1. Temperature-rise test
2. Impulse voltage test on primary terminals
2.1. Lightning impulse voltage test on primary terminals
2.2. Switching impulse voltage test
3. Wet test for outdoor type transformers
4. RIV test
5. Test for accuracy
6. Short-time current tests (Only for CTs)
7. Short-circuit withstand capability test (Only for IVTs and CVTs)
8. Capacitance and tanδ measurement at power freq. (Only for CVTs)
9. Ferro-resonance test (Only for CVTs)
10. Transient response test (Only for protective CVTs)
 Type Tests

Temperature-rise test

Performed to verify the temperature rise of windings, magnetic circuits and any
other part of the instrument transformer.

Performed by applying rated continuous thermal voltage/current

Test goes on until thermal stable condition of transformer
Type Tests

Impulse voltage test on primary

terminals - Lightning impulse voltage test
on primary terminals

Performed to verify withstand capability of
the instrument transformers to lightning
impulses

Performed by application of 15 (+) polarity,
15 (-) polarity lightning imp. for Um<300kV,
3 (+) polarity, 3 (-) polarity lightning imp.
for Um≥300kV at rated lightning impulse
withstand level (Waveform: 1,2/50µsec)

No permanent damage should be seen for
both internal and external insulation
 Type Tests
Impulse voltage test on primary terminals - Lightning
impulse voltage test on primary terminals
 Type Tests

Impulse voltage test on primary terminals - Switching impulse voltage

test

Performed to verify withstand capabilites of instrument transformers to switching
impulses. Test is effective especially for outer insulation. Applicable only for
Um≥300kV

Performed by application of 15 (+) polarity switching imp. at rated switching
impulse withstand level (Waveform: 250/2500µsec)

No permanent damage shall be seen.
 Type Tests
Impulse voltage test on primary terminals - Switching
impulse voltage test
 Type Tests

Wet test for outdoor type transformers

Performed to verify outer insulation under wet conditions

Test performed under artificial rain which is defined by IEC 60060-1

Performed by application of power frequency voltage for Um<300kV or
application of switching impulse for Um≥300kV

No breakdown is permitted for power frequency voltage
 Type Tests

RIV test

Performed to measure Radio Interference Voltage created by instrument
transformer

Test voltage is applied to the object and RIV measured with the help of a
detector in a calibrated circuit

Measured RIV shall be in conformance with declared value
 Type Tests

Test for accuracy

Performed for verifying accuracy of instrument transformer

Performed by applying voltage and current in various points of operation range
and measuring ratio error and phase displacement from transformed secondary
voltage/current.

Instrument transformer’s errors shall be inside the limits of declared accuracy
class
 Type Tests

Short-time current tests (Only for CTs)

Performed to verify withstand capability to the rated short time current

Performed by applying a virtual fault current which is equal to rated short time
current

No damage shall be seen

Short-circuit withstand capability test (Only for IVTs and CVTs)

Performed to verify withstand capability to the short circuit

Performed by short circuiting the secondary for 1 second while the rated voltage
is applied

No damage shall be seen
 Type Tests

Capacitance and tanδ measurement at power freq. (Only for CVTs)

Performed to measure capacitance and dissipation factor

Performed to check the capacitance of the transformers before and after
dielectric type tests

Measurement result shall be within the tolerances and no change shall be seen
after dielectric type tests
 Type Tests

Ferro-resonance test (Only for CVTs)

Performed to verify the prevention of ferro-resonance

Performed by short circuiting the secondary for a limited time

CVT shall stabilise its secondary voltage within the defined duration.

Primary Voltage

Secondary Voltage
 Type Tests

Transient response test (Only for protective CVTs)

Performed for verifying fidelity of secondary voltage to primary voltage
under transient conditions

Performed by abruptly short circuiting the primary voltage several times in
different voltage levels

CVT shall satisfy the limits of standard according to declared transient
response class
 Routine Tests

Routine Tests
1. Power-frequency voltage withstand tests on primary terminals
2. Partial discharge measurement
3. Power-frequency voltage withstand tests between sections
4. Power-frequency voltage withstand tests on secondary terminals
5. Test for accuracy
6. Verification of markings
7. Inter-turn overvoltage test (Only for CTs)
8. Ferro-resonance check (Only for CVTs)
Routine Tests

Power-frequency voltage
withstand tests on primary
terminals

Performed to verify the insulation
between primary and
secondary/earth.

Performed by applying rated power
frequency withstand voltage for 1
minute.

No breakdown shall be seen.
 Routine Tests

Partial discharge measurement

Performed to measure partial discharge (PD) of instrument transformer.

Performed by measuring PD created by instrument transformer by the help
of a PD detector.

Instrument transformer shall satisfy the limits of standard.
 Routine Tests

Power-frequency voltage withstand tests between sections

Performed to verify insulation between sections.

Performed by applying 3kV test voltage between sections for 1 minute.

No breakdown shall be seen

Power-frequency voltage withstand tests on secondary terminals

Performed to verify insulation between secondaries and earth.

Performed by applying 3kV test voltage between secondaries and earth for 1
minute.

No breakdown shall be seen
 Routine Tests

Test for accuracy

Same as the type tests, except test may be performed with a reduced
number of points

Verification of markings

Performed for verifying the markings of the transformer. (including rating
plate)

Ferro-resonance check

Same as the type tests, except test may be performed with a reduced
number of points
 Routine Tests

Inter-turn overvoltage test (Only for CTs)

Performed to verify the insulation between the turns of transformer.

Performed by applying extended rated current from secondary or primary
while the other windings are open.

No breakdown shall be seen.
 Special Tests

Special Tests
1. Chopped impulse voltage withstand test on primary terminals
2. Multiple chopped impulse test on primary terminals (Only for CTs and IVTs)
3. Measurement of capacitance and dielectric dissipation factor (Only for CTs and
IVTs)
4. Transmitted overvoltage test
5. Mechanical tests
6. Internal arc fault test
Special Tests

Chopped impulse voltage withstand test on

primary terminals

Performed for verifying the chopped impulse
withstand capability

Performed by applying 2 chopped impulses at
115% of rated lightning impulse withstand
level (combined with LI test)

No damage shall be seen
 Special Tests
Chopped impulse voltage withstand test on
primary terminals
 Special Tests

Multiple chopped impulse test on primary terminals (Only for CTs and
IVTs)

Performed to verify withstand capability to multiple chopped impulses.

Performed by 600 chopped impulses at the 70% of rated lightning impulse
withstand voltage

Transformer shall pass DGA test, capacitance and dissipation factor measurement
and partial discharge measurement

Measurement of capacitance and dielectric dissipation factor (Only for

CTs and IVTs)

Performed to measure the capacitance and dissipation factor

Test is only informative at the moment
 Special Tests

Transmitted overvoltage test

Performed to measure transmitted overvoltage from primary to secondary.

Performed by application of impulse voltage.

Transmitted overvoltage shall not exceed 1,6kVpeak.
Mechanical tests

Performed to verify the withstand capability of primary terminals to static
mechanical loads.

Performed by application of mechanical loads in several directions.

No damage shall be seen.
Special Tests

Internal arc fault test (Only for CTs and

IVTs)

Performed for observing behaviour of
instrument transformer when internal arc
happens

Performed by creating a virtual internal arc
between primary and secondary windings

Transformer shall satisfy the conditions of
relevant protection class
 Recommended Site Tests

1. Ratio Check
An insensitive ratio check may be performed at site. (Especially when taking into
service.) It is important to remember accuracy of the transformer is only guaranteed
at the points that are defined by standard.
2. Capacitance and Dissipation Factor Measurement
Capacitance and dissipation factor change during the life time of transformer shall
be under review. Periodical measurements are recommended. It is important to
remember ambient conditions are highly effective on this measurement. GST Guard
testing method is recommended for elimating these effects.
3. Insulation Resistance Measurement
Insulation resistance measurements may be performed on primary and secondary
windings. Important point is dust or humidity may affect the results. This shall be
taken into consideration.
THANK YOU
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