EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE ISO 9001: 2015 CERTIFIED EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE ISO 9001: 2015 CERTIFIED EMILIO

NALDO COLLEGE ISO 9001: 2015 CERTIFIED EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE ISO 9001: 2015 CERTIFIED
QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
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Pipe Discharging from a Reservoir Pipe Connected in Series

For pipe with constant diameter, the difference between the water levels in the
piezometer tubes. If the pipe is horizontal and with uniform size, the difference in
pressure head measures the head lost between the two points.
System of Pipes If the pipe is very large such that the velocity head is very small, the total head lost HL can
be taken as equal to H.

hL entrance

If the pipe length in any problem is about 500 mm diameter, the error resulting from
neglecting minor losses will ordinarily not exceed 5%. Neglecting minor losses, the head
Reference: lost becomes:
- Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulics 4th Edition by Gillesania
- Engineering Fluid Mechanics, Crow, Elger, Williams & Roberson
HL = hf1 + hf2 + hf3

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EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE ISO 9001: 2015 CERTIFIED EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE ISO 9001: 2015 CERTIFIED EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE ISO 9001: 2015 CERTIFIED
QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
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Topics to be discussed Pipe Connecting Two Reservoirs Pipe Connected in Parallel

Pipe discharging from a reservoir When one or more pipes connects two reservoirs as in the figure shown, the total head If the pipe length in any problem is about 500 mm diameter, the error resulting from
Pipe connecting two reservoirs lost in all the pipes is equal to the difference in elevation of the liquid surfaces of the neglecting minor losses will ordinarily not exceed 5%. Neglecting minor losses, the head
reservoir. lost becomes:
Pipe connected in Series
Pipe connected in Parallel hL entrance
Equivalent Pipe

hL exit

Q = Q1 + Q2 + Q3
HL = H = hL minor + hf
HL = hf1 = hf2 = hf3
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EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE ISO 9001: 2015 CERTIFIED EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE ISO 9001: 2015 CERTIFIED EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE ISO 9001: 2015 CERTIFIED
QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
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Pipe Discharging from a Reservoir Pipe Connected in Series Pipe Connected in Parallel

The figure shown below shows the conditions of flow in a pipe of uniform diameter For pipes of different diameters connected in series as shown in te figure below, the In the pipe system shown, pipe 1 draws water from reservoir A and leads to junction C
discharging from a reservoir into open air. discharge in all pipes are all equal and the total head lost is equal to the sum of the which divides the flow to pipes 2 and 3, which join again in junction D and flow through
The velocity head and the pressure head in the liquid surface of the reservoir is zero. individual head losses. pipe 4.
If there will be no head lost, the velocity head could have been equal to H, which is the Since the drop in the energy grade line between C and D is equal to the difference in the
distance between the water surface in the tank and the exit end of the pipe and the levels of piezometers a and b, then the head lost in pipe 2 is therefore equal to the head
velocity of flow could have been v = sqrt(2gH), but such is not the case due to head losses. lost in pipe 3.
The necessary equations for
hL entrance the system are:
Q1 = Q4
1 Q1 = Q2 + Q3
3
hf2 = hf3
Q1 = Q2 = Q3 = Q4 HLAB = hf1 + hf2 + hf4
4
HL = hf1 + hf2 + hf3 + hf minor 2
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 EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE ISO 9001: 2015 CERTIFIED EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE ISO 9001: 2015 CERTIFIED EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE ISO 9001: 2015 CERTIFIED
QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
City of Dasmariñas,Cavite City of Dasmariñas,Cavite City of Dasmariñas,Cavite

Equivalent Pipe Problem #2 Problem #4

If pipe system (O) is to be replaced with an equivalent single pipe (E), the equivalent pipe A pump draws water from reservoir A and lifts it to reservoir B as shown in Figure 4-10. The loss of head from A to 1 A pipe network consist of pipeline 1 from A to B, then at B it is
Diameter
is 3 times the velocity head in the 150-mm pipe and the loss of head from 2 to B is 20 times the velocity head in the connected to pipelines 2 and 3, where it merges again at Joint C to Pipelines Length (m)
must have the same discharge and head loss as the original pipe system. (mm)
100-mm pipe. Compute the horsepower output of the pump and the pressure heads at 1 and 2 when the discharge form a single pipeline 4 up to point D. Pipelines 1,2 and 4 are in series
is: (a) 12 L/s; (b) 36 L/s. connection whereas pipelines 2 and 3 are parallel to each other. If the 1 3,000 200
rate of flow from A to B is 10 liters/sec and assuming f 0.0 2 for all 2 2,200 300
Solution:
pipes, Determine the flow in each pipe and the total head lost from A 3 3,200 200
Energy equation between A and 1 Energy equation between 2 and B to D. 4 2,800 400

QE = QO Solution:
Substitute Q3 to Eq. (1)
HLE = HLO

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Problem #1 Problem #3

In Figure 4-04, a 50 mm pipeline leads downhill from a Two pipes, each 300m long are connected in series. The flow of
reservoir and discharges into air. If the loss of head water through the pipes is 150 lit/sec with a total frictional loss
of 15m. If one pipe has a diameter of 300mm, what is the
between A and B is 44.2 m, compute the discharge. diameter of the other pipe? Neglect minor losses and assume f =
Solution: 0.02 for both pipes.
Solution:
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Equate Energy Head of A and B:

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EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE ISO 9001: 2015 CERTIFIED EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE ISO 9001: 2015 CERTIFIED
QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
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Problem #2 Problem #4
A pump draws water from reservoir A and lifts it to reservoir B as shown in Figure 4-10. The loss of head from A to 1 A pipe network consist of pipeline 1 from A to B, then at B it is
Diameter
is 3 times the velocity head in the 150-mm pipe and the loss of head from 2 to B is 20 times the velocity head in the connected to pipelines 2 and 3, where it merges again at Joint C to Pipelines Length (m)
(mm)
100-mm pipe. Compute the horsepower output of the pump and the pressure heads at 1 and 2 when the discharge form a single pipeline 4 up to point D. Pipelines 1,2 and 4 are in series
is: (a) 12 L/s; (b) 36 L/s. connection whereas pipelines 2 and 3 are parallel to each other. If the 1 3,000 200
rate of flow from A to B is 10 liters/sec and assuming f 0.0 2 for all 2 2,200 300
Solution:
pipes, Determine the flow in each pipe and the total head lost from A 3 3,200 200
Head Lost: Output power of the pump: to D. 4 2,800 400
Solution:

Energy equation between A and B:

Eq. (1)

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