HALLIBURTON

PRODUCTION LOGGING
FROM THE FROZEN TUNDRA TO THE SANDS OF THE MIDDLE EAST, OFFSHORE OR
ON LAND, HALLIBURTON HAS THE RESOURCES TO HANDLE YOUR PRODUCTION
MONITORING REQUIREMENTS–FOR A SINGLE WELL OR AN ENTIRE FIELD.
HN00788

• Pre-Job Planning
• State-Of-The-Art
Surface Equipment
• Rugged and Reliable
Downhole Tools
• Experienced Wellsite
Personnel
• Processing Support
• Research and
Development
HN00789
 PRODUCTION LOGGING DATA INTEGRATION–A HALLIBURTON SPECIALTY
MAXIMIZE RESERVOIR PERFORMANCE BY USING FINAL FLOW PROFILES FROM PRODUCTION LOGGING
DATA ALONG WITH THE FULL RANGE OF COMPLETION SERVICES OFFERED BY HALLIBURTON.

GAS TOTAL
0 BPD 7500 0 BPD 7500
WATER PERF WATER
Problem: Excess water threatens to kill 0 7500 0
BPD BPD 7500
gas production. A complete suite of pro-
duction logs was run to locate the water

X300
source and determine work-over options.
Final flow profile results indicated water
production from the bottom set of perfora-
tions. However, doubt remained as to
whether the water originated from the

X350
formation or is channeling from a large
aquifer located below total depth.

Solution: the Thermal Multigate Decay

(TMD) tool was requested to examine well

X400
characteristics outside the wellbore.

Downhole
Flowing
Profile

X450

HN00790
TOTAL MONITOR SIGMA
0 BPD 7500 30 CU 0
OPEN HOLE
GR WATER BASE SIGMA ANALYSIS
PERF 0 API 150 0 BPD 7500 30 CU 0
X300

Clay

Sand
Marked separation between the base sigma
and monitor sigma confirms that water flows
from the formation and not from a cement
X350

channel. A through-tubing bridge plug was

set above the lowermost perforations to help
eliminate produced water. For single-trip
well evaluation, our production logging suite
Flow can be run in combination with our new
Profile
X400

Thermal Multigate Decay-Lithology

(TMD-L) Tool.
Base S

GR Monitor S
HN00791

X450

HN00806
CUSTOMIZE TO MEET YOUR WELL’S REQUIREMENTS.

STANDARD OPTIONS

Auxiliary
Gamma Ray
CCL

Quartz XY Caliper
Temperature Pressure

Strain
Pressure

Fluid
Density Holdup
Sensors
Fluid
Gradient

Hydro

Fullbore Flowmeters
Spinner

Continuous Diverter
Spinner Flowmeter
HN00640
Auxiliary
Measurements
Gamma Ray/Casing Collar
Locator. Gamma Ray and
CCL Tools correlate the
production log to open-hole
data or previous cased-hole
logging runs. A scintillation
gamma detector provides
high sensitivity for positive
correlation.
Temperature Tool. Fluids
entering or leaving the
wellbore alter the normal
temperature gradient in the
well. The Temperature Tool
identifies temperature changes
which may indicate produc-
tive zones, and qualitatively
evaluates fluid type and rate.
Pressure Tool. Halliburton
uses either strain or quartz
gauges in its production
logging tool strings. Strain
gauges respond more
quickly to pressure changes.
However, quartz gauges
have higher resolution and
yield superior data for ana-
lyzing pressure drawdown
and buildup tests.
XY Caliper. Flowmeter
interpretation is based upon
a known cross-sectional
wellbore area. In open-hole
completions, or in casing
where scale, paraffin
buildup, or damage can
be expected, caliper data
is required to convert the
flowmeter data into an
accurate flow rate.
Holdup Measurements
The Fluid Density Tool
utilizes gamma-ray absorp-
tion to measure the density
of the borehole fluid. This
tool is very useful in highly
deviated or horizontal wells,
where pressure-based devices
tend to lose sensitivity. As
with any radioactive mea-
surement, statistical fluctua-
tions are present and can be
minimized through the use
of averaging techniques.
Hydro Tools overcome the
inherent inability of density-
based devices in distinguish-
ing oil from water. Wellbore
fluids flow through a cham-
ber in the Hydro Tool, pro-
viding a dielectric measure-
ment of the produced fluids.
A high dielectric constant
indicates water, while a low
dielectric constant indicates
hydrocarbons. Hydro
devices perform best in low
water-cut environments.
The Fluid Gradient Tool mea-
sures the buoyancy effect of a
float assembly within the
wellbore fluid column.
Buoyancy is directly propor-
tional to fluid density. The
entire cross-sectional area
of the casing is investigated,
providing a significant
advantage in segregated flow
situations. Corrections are
necessary for well deviations.
Flowmeters
The Fullbore Spinner consists
of a collapsible blade which
opens to a large diameter
after passing through the
tubing into casing. The
rugged design has proved
extremely reliable in condi-
tions ranging from low-rate
oil producers to high-velocity
gas wells. The Fullbore
Spinner is very useful in the
interpretation of multi-phase
flows where separation of the
fluid components is common.
The Continuous Spinner
contains a helical impeller of
small diameter. By virtue
of a low threshold velocity
continuous spinners are
extremely sensitive in low
flow rates. They are also used
to make measurements in
small diameter casings, inside
tubing, and in situations
where restrictions are present
in the production string.
The Diverter Flowmeter
contains a motorized,
expandable metal basket,
which diverts wellbore flow
through an impeller, located
in the center of the tool. The
diverter design is an advan-
tage when logging low flow
or deviated wells. Maximum
flow rate through the diverter
section is 2000 barrels per
day, although the modular
diverter assembly can be
combined with either the
Continuous or Fullbore
Spinners to evaluate
higher rates.
CALL HALLIBURTON WHEN YOU NEED PRODUCTION LOGS UNDER ANY CONDITIONS
Non-Flowing Wells Using
Nitrogen Lift Techniques
Non-flowing wells can be
evaluated using production
logging tools conveyed on
reeled-coiled tubing. Nitro-
gen is injected down the
tubing to lift oil and gas up
the production tubing. As
the nitrogen is injected into
the tubing, logging data is
recorded. Measurements are
generally taken while log-
ging down, in order to
reduce the effects that nitro-
gen may have on the fluid
identification sensors.
Low Flow Rate Wells
Halliburton’s Fluid Travel
Tracer Tool evaluates low-
rate injection wells. The
tool resolves flow rates as
low as 10 barrels per day.
Non-Flowing Wells Using
Y-Tool Completions
Special Y-tool completions,
equipped with electrical
submersible pumps, allow
the logging tool to enter
production casing. In wells
that do not contain perma-
nent Y-tool installations, logs
can be acquired by removing
the original completion,
then lowering a temporary
Y-tool string into the well
for logging.

Rod Pumping Wells
Special one-inch-diameter
production logging tools are
available when you need
results in sucker-rod comple-
tion strings. Logging tools
are lowered through the tub-
ing/casing annulus. Due to
the cyclic nature of flow in
these wells, the use of sta-
tionary measurement tech-
niques is required.
HN00606
Horizontal Wells
Production logs are acquired
in horizontal completions by
conveying the production
logging string via specially
prepared coiled tubing.
Traditional wellbores,
slotted liners, and open-hole
completions have all been
logged using this technique.
Fluid segregation between
fluid phases is common,
requiring careful interpre-
tation of the horizontal
well results.
 FROM ACQUIRING RAW DATA TO THE FINAL PROCESSED RESULTS,
HALLIBURTON IS A LEADER IN PRODUCTION LOGGING.
Temp
°F Fluid
170 175
Fullbore Gradient Production Logging Data
Pressure Spinner Density
in a Deviated Flowing Well
1500 PSI 1700 PERF -5 RPS 15 0.7 GR/CC 1.2
This log example from the Middle East
depicts actual production log data collected
TEMP
in a deviated well. Two-phase oil and
X800

water flow is produced above reservoir

bubble-point pressure. The key evaluation
objective was to identify the source of
excess water production and recommend
remedial action.

The logging suite consisted of the Fullbore

X900

Spinner, Fluid Gradient, Temperature,

Pressure, and Gamma Ray/CCL tools.
Several passes were run at various speeds
to simultaneously acquire production
logging data.
X000

SPINNER STATIONARY STOP

PRES
Depth x790ft elapsed time 0:05:56
FLUID
HN00792

GRADIENT
DENSITY Summary:
CURVE MEAN S.D. UNIT

TEMP 173.005 0.084 DEGF

PRES 1529.811 0.312 PSI
Stationary Logging Data SPINNER 6.424 0.018 RPS
Provides Increased Accuracy DENSITY 1.004 0.002 GR/CC

Several stationary checks were made to

TEMPS
supplement the dynamic logging runs. 170 °F 175 Fullbore
Fluid
Gradient
PRESSURE Spinner Density
The production logging acquisition software 1500 PSI 1700 0 RPS 10 0.7 GR/CC 1.2

averages the data over time and reports the

mean value along with standard deviation.
Stationary data can be input into the analysis
routines in either a stand-alone or comple- One
Minute

mentary role.

Pres Spinner
Fluid
Gradient
Density

Temp
HN00793
 Temp Fluid
Fullbore Gradient
175 °F 185 Spinner Density
Pressure
Cross-Flow Detection with 1600 PSI 1800 PERF -10 RPS 10 0.7 GR/CC 1.2
Shut-In Data
A series of passes was made with the
well shut in. These shut-in passes are

X800
very useful to accurately analyze
production logging data.
Pres

Spinner information from the shut-in passes

is used to determine spinner calibration
parameters and to detect cross flow between

X900
perforations. The Fluid Gradient Tool
identifies the presence of an oil-water con-
tact within the wellbore. The corresponding
density values aid the analyst’s selection of
downhole water and oil density values.

X000
Fluid
TRESHOLD PLOT
Gradient

HN00794
Density
Depth X895ft to Y080ft
Summary: Temp
UP Passes
Intercept -3.62 FT/MIN
Slope 0.0487 RPS/FT/MIN
1/Slope 20.54 FT/MIN/RPS
Correlation (r2) .993

DOWN Passes
Intercept
Slope
3.01
0.0465
FT/MIN
RPS/FT/MIN
Accurate Production
1/Slope 21.51 FT/MIN/RPS Logging Analysis
Correlation (r2) .999
10 A number of crossplots are available to
8
accurately enhance production log analysis.
6
In this example, shut-in spinner data is
averaged and crossplotted versus the cable
4

speed. The x-axis intercept defines the

2
threshold velocity (the minimum fluid
SPINNER RPS

0
velocity required to overcome friction
-2
and inertia effects). Threshold velocity
-4
is a required input to the Production
-6 Log Analysis routines.
-8

UP DOW
-10
HN00795

-150 -120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150

CABLE SPEED FT/MIN

 SPINNER CORR
FULLLBORE APPARENT QUALITY 1.0 0.95
SPINNER VELOCITY FLAGS
PERF SPNQ
-5 RPS 15 -10 FT/MIN 190 10 0
Quality Indicators Enhance
Analysis of Production
Logging Data
x800

The Production Logging Analysis program

calculates a least squares fit of the spinner
data after eliminating passes that fail to
meet its quality criteria. Typically, passes
are eliminated in zones of high turbulence
or if unstable flow is present. Quality
x900

flags indicate intervals where a particular

logging pass is not used in the analysis.
CORR
An overall spinner quality indicator
(SPINQ) is computed, as well as the corre-
lation coefficient of the passes used in the
fluid velocity computation.
x000

SPINQ
HN00796

VELOCITY PLOT
Va
x100

Depth X765ft to X815ft

Summary:

Intercept 90 FT/MIN
Slope 0.0451 RPS/FT/MIN
1/Slope 22.19 FT/MIN/RPS
Correlation (r2) .996
Graphical Display of Fluid Velocity 15

Fluid velocity crossplots can be generated for 13

any interval to provide further quality control 11

of the input spinner data. A least squares fit 9

is computed and the final velocity and spin-

7
ner efficiency displayed in digital format.
SPINNER RPS

-1

-3
HN00797

UP DOW
-5
-150 -120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150
CABLE SPEED FT/MIN
 V FINAL WATER
WATER -10 FT/MIN 190 0 BPD 8000
HOLDUP PERF V SLIP TOTAL
Continuous Logging Data 0 % -10 FT/MIN 190 0 BPD 8000

Provides Flow Profile

The un-averaged computation is the
intermediate step between fluid velocity

x800
V SLIP
calculation and the final flow profile.
Outputs include:

1. The water holdup, as seen by the

Fluid Gradient Tool.
2. Final fluid velocity (V FINAL), after cor-

x900
rection for pipe velocity profile effects.
3. Slip velocity (V SLIP); the user has several WATER
HOLDUP
slip velocity models to choose from.
4. Un-averaged flow profile with the
fluid at downhole conditions.

x000
OIL TOTAL
0 BPD 4000 0 BPD 8000

HN00798
WATER PERF WATER
V FINAL DOWNHOLE
0 BPD 4000 0 BPD 8000
FLOW
PROFILE
TOTAL RATE
O : 1630 BPD
W : 4300 BPD
x800

O : 1130
Clear and Concise Interpretation
W : 810
Identifies Zonal Contributions
Final averaging of the results helps to provide
a clear and concise picture of well perfor-
x900

mance. The downhole rates of the un-aver-

O : 60
W : 60 aged computation are converted to the uphole
equivalent using either reservoir data or
O : 130
W : 80 industry correlations. These rates are then
DOWNHOLE
FLOW assigned to a corresponding set of perfora-
PROFILE
tions and the individual contributions
x000

O : 310 summed to depict a final fluid flow profile.

W : 550

Digital annotations are displayed on the

W : 450
log, summarizing the contribution of
W: each perforation set.
HN00799

2350
WITH THE EXPERTISE AND RESOURCES OF HALLIBURTON AT YOUR CALL, THE END
OF THE PRODUCTION LOGGING OPERATION IS ONLY THE BEGINNING OF OUR
COMMITMENT TO MAXIMIZE RESERVOIR PERFORMANCE.

After receiving the final flow profile,

your local Halliburton representative
is available to recommend appropriate
remedial services that will further
enhance production.
HN00800

Thi
1) 2 ngs
2) M PM s to do
o taf
tub bilize H f mee
o ing alli ting
3) ver b unit - burton
Line ott dum c
re-p up H om pe p ce oiled
OIL e r a l l ib r f s m ent TOTAL
thr f
0 BPD 4000u t orate urton0 BPD 8000
ubin mid wi
WATER gun dle z reline
gPERF WATER
4000 s o
0 ne w unit 8000
0 BPD
ith BPD
x800

WATER OIL
x900

re-perforate

FLOWING PROFILE
x000

dump
cement
HN00801
x100
Pre-Job Planning
Successful production
logging operations begin
with thorough planning.
Consultation with your
experienced Halliburton
representative focuses on
safety, key evaluation
objectives, and the most
effective production logging
tool combinations. Your
satisfaction is our priority.

State-Of-The-Art
Surface Equipment
Modern computerized log-
ging units perform the pro-
duction logging operation.
Real-time logging data is dis-
played on screen and printed
on paper hard copy. If well-
site interpretation is needed,
Halliburton’s Production Log
Analysis (PLA) is available
for quick, accurate answers.
Digitally formatted data can
also be provided on diskette
at the wellsite.

Rugged and Reliable
Downhole Tools
Halliburton employs rugged
modular sensor in its pro-
duction logging string for
fast, reliable operations.
Simultaneous data acquisi-
tion allows collection of
accurate data, even in cases
where flow rates may be
unstable. A variety of
sensor types are available.
Flexibility to customize the
production logging tool
string delivers the data you
need and minimizes costs.
Experienced
Wellsite Personnel
The Halliburton wellsite
crew is highly trained and
knowledgeable in produc-
tion logging operations.
You can be assured they
will assist you in a safe, fast,
and efficient operation. The
Halliburton engineer contin-
ually monitors the quality of
production logging data and
has the experience to deter-
mine when additional effort
is needed. Halliburton crews
are trained in a variety of
cased- and open-hole disci-
plines and can perform addi-
tional services while on site.
Processing Support
Halliburton maintains
a global network of full
service computing centers
to perform detailed analysis
of production logging data.
Experienced analysts know
your field and the capabilities
of our equipment. Flow pro-
HN00802
files can be integrated with
other information sources,
such as open-hole logs or
data from our Thermal
Multigate Decay (TMD) tool
or Pulsed Spectral Gamma
Tool (PSGT), providing
complete reservoir moni-
toring analysis.
Research and Development
Ongoing research and devel-
opment efforts include flow-
loop characterization and
new sensor development.
A 140-foot flow loop facility
in Houston allows realistic
testing under a full spectrum
of downhole conditions,
including three-phase and
inclined flow regimes.
PRODUCTION LOGGING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
As part of our continuous commitment to Research and Development, Halliburton recently
introduced a new 1-11/16-inch production logging sensor: the Fullbore Gas Holdup Tool.
Contact your local Halliburton representative for tool information and availability.

FULLBORE GAS HOLDUP TOOL FULLBORE GAS HOLDUP

Measurement Principle
Low energy gamma rays,
emitted from a radioactive
source, are backscattered
to a scintillation detector
crystal. Gamma rays are
influenced by both Compton Low-Energy
and Photoelectric effects, Gamma Ray Source
yielding a fullbore measure-
ment directly proportional Shield
to gas holdup. High count Scintillation
rates virtually eliminate Crystal
statistical fluctuation.
Photomultiplier
Applications
• Determines gas holdup
• Provides horizontal Casing
well evaluation

HN00803
• Solves three-phase flow
problems, when used in
combination with the
Fullbore Water Holdup, Flow loop testing
Fluid density, or Fluid demonstrates the
gradient, or Hydro superiority of the
Holdup Sensors Fullbore Gas Holdup
tool in either vertical
or horizontal wells.
Count rate data is
7000 plotted versus cali-
Horizontal brated gas holdup
Counts/Seconds %

6000 value, ranging from

Vertical
100% to 0%. Response
5000
is linear and insensi-
4000 tive to segregated flow
commonly encoun-
3000
tered in horizontal or
2000 inclined flow regimes.
Fresh water
with Gas
1000

0
0 20 40 60 80 100
HN00804

Gas Hold %
TOOL SPECIFICATIONS
OD Temperate Pressure
Rating Rating
in (mm) °F (°C) psi (kPa)
1
1.438-inch-OD Production Logging Tool String
Hydro Tool 1.438 (37) 375 (191) 18,000 (124,100)
Fluid Density 1.438 (37) 375 (191) 18,000 (124,100)
2
Flowmeter, Continuous 1.438 (37) 375 (191) 18,000 (124,100)
Temperature 1.438 (37) 375 (191) 18,000 (124,100)
Pressure, Strain Gauge 1.438 (37) 375 (191) 10,000 (68,900)
Pressure, Standard Quartz 1.688 (43) 350 (177) 12,000 (82,700)
3
Pressure, Halliburton Quartz Transducer 1.688 (43) 350 (177) 16,000 (110,300)
4
1.688-inch-OD Production Logging Tool String
Fluid Density 1.688 (43) 350 (177) 15,000 (103,400)
Fluid Gradient 1.688 (43) 350 (177) 15,000 (103,400)
Fullbore Gas Holdup 1.688 (43) 350 (177) 18,000 (124,100)
Flowmeter, Continuous 1.688 (43) 350 (177) 15,000 (103,400)
Temperature 1.688 (43) 350 (177) 15,000 (103,400)
3
Pressure, Standard Quartz Transducer 1.688 (43) 350 (177) 12,000 (82,700)
3
Pressure, Halliburton Quartz Transducer 1.688 (43) 350 (177) 16,000 (110,300)

Pulsed Neutron Tools

Thermal Multigate Decay 1.688 (43) 300 (149) 15,000 (103,400)
5
Thermal Multigate Decay-Lithology 1.688 (43) 350 (177) 15,000 (103,400)
6
Additional Flowmeters
Flowmeter, Fullbore 1.688 (43) 350 (177) 15,000 (103,400)
7
Flowmeter, Fullbore 2.375 (60) 300 (149) 15,000 (103,400)
Flowmeter, Diverter 1.688 (43) 375 (191) 15,000 (103,400)

Auxiliary Devices
Borehole Audio Tracer 1.688 (43) 392 (200) 15,000 (103,400)
Fluid Travel 1.500 (38) 325 (163) 20,000 (137,900)
8
1.000-inch-OD Production Logging Tool String
Hydro Tool 1.000 (25) 350 (177) 10,000 (68,900)
Tracer Ejector 1.000 (25) 350 (177) 10,000 (68,900)
Flowmeter, Continuous 1.000 (25) 350 (177) 10,000 (68,900)
Temperature 1.000 (25) 350 (177) 10,000 (68,900)
Pressure, Strain Gauge 1.000 (25) 350 (177) 10,000 (68,900)

Gamma Ray/CCL tools are available for all tool strings and combinations.
1 All tools in this string are H2S rated.
2 Contains a 1.15-inch-OD impeller with a 1.438-inch-OD impeller cage. A 1.35-inch-OD impeller with a 1.688-inch-OD impeller cage is also available.
3 Stated pressure rating is the maximum calibrated pressure, and is not necessarily the maximum pressure rating of the tool itself.
4 Memory Tool String, Limited Availability.
5 Combinable with most production logging sensors.
6 Each of these flowmeters can be run with the 1.438-inch-OD and the 1.688-inch-OD tool strings. The ODs listed are for the spinner
or basket in the collapsed position.
7 Optional 350°F (177°C) device is also available.
8 Limited Availability.
 HN00805

Sales of Halliburton products and services will be in accord solely with the terms and conditions
contained in the contract between Halliburton and the customer that is applicable to the sale.

EL1071 © 1996 Halliburton Company Printed in U.S.A.