Cyber John S.

Ismil BSED-Science 3

Make a list of microbes in different biogeochemical cycles and habitats.

CARON CYCLE
1. Methanotrophs - Bacteria and archaea that use methane as their carbon source
2. Methanobacterium and Methanococcus – can anaerobically reduce carbon dioxide to
methane; They are present in anaerobic habitats rich in organic matter (swamps, marine
sediments, intestinal tract, and rumens of animals.

NITROGEN CYCLE
1. Rizobium bacteria - fix nitrogen and live symbiotically in the root nodules of legumes
(such as beans, peanuts, and peas), providing them with needed organic nitrogen while
receiving fixed carbon as sugar in exchange; involved in nitrogen fixation
2. Klebsiella – involved in nitrogen fixation
3. Nitrococcus and Nitrosococcus – involved in nitrification
4. Pseudomonas – involved in denitrification
5. Azotobacter – members of this genus are free-living bacteria are also able to fix nitrogen
6. Certain bacteria and fungi convert nitrogenous waste from living animals or from the
remains of dead organisms into ammonia (NH3)
7. Nitrosomonas – members of this genus oxidize ammonia to nitrite (NO2-), then to nitrate
(NO3-), through the process of nitrification
8. Pseudomonas and Clostridium – members of these genera use nitrate as a terminal
electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration in the process called denitrification
9. Algae – remove dissolved phosphorus from the water

SULFUR CYCLE
1. Chromatium and Chlorobium
2. Proteus, Campylobacter, Pseudomonas and Salmonella – have the ability to reduce sulfur,
but can also use oxygen and other terminal electron acceptors
3. Desulfuromonas – use only sulfur
4. Disulfovibrio – involved in dissimilatory sulfate reduction
5. Some prokaryotes – involved in sulfate assimilation
6. Beggiatoa, Thiothrix, and Thiobacillus

COMMON MICROORGANISMS FOUND IN SOIL

Bacteria  Anthrobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Agrobacterium, Alcaligene,
Flavobacterium, Streptomyces, and Nocardia (Actinomyces) – most
common soil bacteria
 Clostridium and Desulfovibrio – obligate anaerobes that are also
found in soil
Fungi  Penicillium and Apergillus
Algae  Eukaryotic algae and cyanobacteria are found in the upper layer of
soil
Protozoa  Flagellated protozoa (Allantion, Bodo) in flora of terrestrial habitats
 Pathogenic protozoa such as Entamoeba histolytica
 Virus  Bacteriophages of soil bacteria
 Hepatitis virus, tobacco mosaic virus and other viruses that cause
human, animal, and plant disease

OTHER MICROORGANISMS
1. Mycorrhiza – present in nutrient-poor and water-limited environment
a. Endomycorrhiza – the most common type, which occur in about 80% of all
vascular plants
b. Ectomycorrhiza – typically found in trees and shrubs, particularly in temperate
forests
2. Thiobacillus thiooxidans and Thiobacillus and ferrooxidans – acidophilic and generally
found in acidic environments, such as hot springs and sulfide ore deposits

COMMON MICROORGANISMS FOUND IN WATER

Marine Habitats  Algae (phytoplankton)
Estuaries  Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, and Vibrio, as well as enteric
organisms
Rivers  Soil bacteria such as Nacillus and Actinomyces
 Fungi such as Penicillium and Aspergillus
 Algae such as Microcystis and Nostoc
 Sewage bacteria such as E. coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Proteus
vulgaris, Clostridium sp., and other intestinal bacteria
Lake  Cyanobacteria and algae are abundant in littoral and limnetic zones
 Photoautotrophic bacteria such as Clorobium, Rhodopeudomonas,
and Chromatium are found at lower depths
Other freshwater  Chemolithotrophic bacteria such as Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter, and
bodies Thiobacillus

INDICATOR ORGANISMS
1. Coliforms
2. Enterobacteriaceae such as E.coli, Enterobacter erogenes, and Klabsiella peumoniae