“NATURE AND APPLICATION OF PSYCHOLOGY

IN PAKISTAN…”

ASSIGNMENT # 1 SEMESTER FALL-2020

Submission Date (December 9, 2020)
BY
Zainab Azmat Mir
Laiba Amer
Rida Abbas
Zumer Aiman

ROLL # 20011511-077,-080,-079,-075
PSY-103 (Introduction to Psychology I+ practicum)
Submitted To:
Dr. Iram Naz

UNIVERSITY OF GUJRAT

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TABLE OF CONTENT:

LITERAL MEANING…………………………………………………………………....3

DEFINATION………………………………………………………………………….....3

NATURE OF PSYCHOLOGY…………………………………………………………...3

PSYCHOLOGY IN PAKISTAN…………………………………………………….........3

TYPES OF PSYCHOLGY………………………………………………………………..3

CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY……………………………………….……………………..3

EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY……………………………………………………….3

ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY……………………………………...…………...4

CRIMINAL PSYCHOLOGY……………………………………………………………..4

SPORTS PSYCHOLOGY………………………………………………………………...4

CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………………....5

REFERENCE………………………………………………………………………….......6

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 NATURE AND APPLICATION OF PSYCHOLOGY

 Meaning:

The word psychology is derived from two Greek words “psyche and logos”. psyche means “soul, spirit, mind” and logos means “knowledge.”

 Definition:

“Psychology is a science of behavior and mental process of living organism.”

 Nature of psychology:

Psychology is a science behavior and mental process that’s way its different from other social sciences. Psychology studies individual and other
studies groups or history. There are three subjects that matter for psychology: affect, behavior, and cognition. Affect means actual mental
process e.g. sad feelings, mood behavior means the way we act in situation the actual action e.g. running sleeping, cognition means mental
event such as memories.

 Psychology in Pakistan:

Pakistan came into existence on August 14, 1947, after the division of British India into East and West Pakistan. At this time psychology was
being taught as a branch of philosophy, but the history of psychology in Pakistan dates back to the 1920s. There were only three departments in
Lahore. that offered a master's program in psychology. Now there are 28department of psychology . These universities also offered MPhil and
PhD degrees.(Rehman)

 Types of psychology applicable in Pakistan:-

Following are some types of psychology applicable in Pakistan:-

 Clinical psychology
 Educational psychology
 Industrial organizational psychology
 Criminal psychology
 Counseling psychology
 Sports psychology

1. Clinical psychology:

“Clinical psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on diagnosing and treating mental, emotional and behavioral disorder.”

 Clinical psychology with reference to Pakistan:

Psychology was given a position of separate field of study in Pakistan almost 53 years ago. After partition of Pakistan in 1947 Psychology was
taught in only two colleges one of the Government College (GC) and the other was Forman Christian College, Lahore. The era starting from
1960 can be considered as the excellent period of Psychology in Pakistan. T. In 2007 four year BS Psychology program was introduced by HEC
which led to remarkable change in the training of clinical psychologist at undergraduate level. The key development for clinical psychology was
the launch of two institutes of clinical psychology in two major cities of Pakistan including Karachi and Lahore in the year 1983. both institutes
also introduced doctoral level program in clinical psychology. The Institute of Clinical Psychology Karachi was founded by Dr. Farrukh Zahor
Ahmad, who was first trained clinical psychologist is Pakistan from University of Stanford.

 Scope of Clinical psychology in Pakistan:-

Pakistan is a developing country the scope of clinical psychology in Pakistan is high in capital cities such as Lahore, Islamabad Karachi .The
rate of unemployment in our country is very high people got stressed students got frustrated due to they fail their exams . As the scope of
Clinical Psychology in Pakistan keeps on increasing, several institutes in Pakistan are engaged in promoting research and development in the
field of Clinical psychology. Along with BS, Mphil, MS, MSc and the PhD degree in Psychology, different certificates and diplomas are also
offered in this field from varied universities.so the clinical psychologist help people to resolve their problems in every field of life.

2. Educational psychology: -

It is the branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of human learning . The study of learning
both cognitive and behavioral perspectives, allows researchers to understand individual differences in intelligence ,cognitive development,
affect, motivation, self-regulation, and self-concept, as well as their role in learning.

 Educational psychology with reference to Pakistan:-

Psychology used to be a very under rated field and profession and many people opt it but Pakistan has started to grow. Now people are interested
that promoted this field a lot. The educational psychologist increase the passion of students among studies. The educational psychology is the
combination of two .i.e. education and psychology it study the behavior of teachers and students.

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  Scope of Educational psychology in Pakistan:-

In the past there were no scope of this field but now people are interested to know the psyche of students .Now there are dozens and dozens of
universities offering graduate & undergraduate courses in educational psychology. Educational psychology applies scientific evidence from the
field of psychology and learning, teaching and promotions. Now a days there are very bright future in this field.

3. Industrial-Organizational psychology:-

Industrial- organizational psychology is the branch of psychology that applies psychological theories and principles to organizations. Often
referred to as I-O psychology, this field focuses on increasing workplace productivity and related issues such as the physical and mental well-
being of employees.

 Industrial-Organizational psychology with reference to Pakistan:-

The profession of industrial/organizational psychology is faced with major hurdles in Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Social
Science. Lack of the necessary education and training in organizational psychology limits the scope of work for the psychologists employed
in organization. The study was designed to examine the relationship between job stress, job satisfaction,
and the level of job commitment among government officials. IT is the relation ship between job politics and commitment. The department of
organization psychology is now introducing MS for the first time in Pakistan .

 Scope in Pakistan:-

It is very new in our reign it faced many hurdles in Pakistan. .Now a days its future is not much bright but after some time its future will be
bright. Now people keen interested in this field.

4. Criminal psychology:-

It  is the study of the views, thoughts, intentions, actions and reactions of criminals and all who participate in criminal behavior. It is the deeply
study of criminal that what makes someone to commit crime and the reaction of criminals after crime

 Criminal psychology with reference to Pakistan:-

A criminal psychologist tries to understand the circumstances behind the crime. They focus on the psychology of the stakeholders involved.
Crimes are taking place every day in Pakistan. More and more market research and analysis is required to understand the reasons behind the
alarming trends. there is lack of criminal psychology in Pakistan, no material available in Pakistan. There is need for forensics psychology and
experts. The country requires researchers. The justice system is lacking in terms of its deliverables to the community because of lack of experts
available in the field. Forensic psychology is very important anywhere in the world. Especially Pakistan.

 Scope of criminal psychology in Pakistan:-

Its demand is very high in Pakistan There is a huge difference  between the demands and needs in the market. Crimes are taking place every
day in Pakistan. A person having degree in this field have many opportunities.

5. Counseling psychology:-

Counseling psychology is a psychological specialty that encompasses research and applied work in several broad domain. counseling process
and outcome; supervision and training; career development and counseling; and prevention and health Counseling psychology with reference to
Pakistan:-

In Pakistan huge amount of people are going to a counselor. counseling psychologist can start counseling through online session or physical
.Counseling Psychologists serve persons of all ages and cultural backgrounds in both individual and group settings. They also consult regularly
with organizations seeking to enhance their effectiveness or the well-being of their member.

 Scope in Pakistan:-

There is much Importance of Career Counseling in Pakistan which can be further reviewed through below given writing as displayed here.
Pakistan is a nation which is highly blessed with talent and capable human resource but the only need is the proper counseling of this raw
resource so that it can be converted in to productive man power.

6. Sport psychology:-

It is the study of how psychology influences sports, athletic performance, exercise, and physical activity. Sports psychologists work with athlete
and coaches to increase there performance.

 Sport psychology with reference to Pakistan:-

Pakistan is one of those countries where sports psychology is none existence but Dr. Ijaz Mughal, who has specialized in the field sees a very
bright future in it. He was a first Pakistani sports psychologist. He open first sport center in GCU Lahore .now some universities started BS in
sport psychology.

 Scope in Pakistan:-

Some sports psychologist work with national athlete and coaches . Pakistan is a developing country the scope of sport psychology in Pakistan is
not bright.

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  Conclusion:-

The scope of psychology is increasing day by day in pakistan. Because there so many issues and disorder that are cured by with the help of
psychologists. Its help the people to make the decision Psychology playes an important role in our life. Its helps the people to understand the
psyche of others.

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REFERENCE:

1:Weinberg, R.S. & Gould, D. (2010). Foundations of Sport and Exercise Psychology. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics

2:^ May, Ryan K. (2010), "Sport Psychology", The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology, American Cancer Society,
pp. 1– doi:10.1002/9780470479216.corpsy0937, ISBN 9780470479216

3:Ansari, Z.A. (1987). Teaching and research in psychology in Pakistan . A country report prepared for UNESCO under Contract No. 381.070.6
(86/84) (86).v

4: Ajmal, M. (1986). Muslim contributions to psychotherapy and other essays. Psychological Research Monograph 5. Islamabad: National
Institute of Psychology, Quaid-i-Azam University.vv

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