DR. VIVENCIO B.

VILLAMAYOR
INEGRATED SCHOOL

TECHNOLOGY and LIVELIHOOD

EDUCATION 9
Home Economics Beauty / Nail Care Services
Quarter 3 Week 1 & 2 – Hand-out, WHLP & Activity
Sheets

Student’s Name: _____________________________________

Grade & Section: _____________________________________
Teacher: Mark Cris F. Fabalina

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Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region IV-A CALABARZON
Division of Rizal
Angono Sub Office
DR. VIVENCIO B. VILLAMAYOR INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Silver St. Medalva Hills Phase III Subdivision, San Isidro Angono, Rizal

Grade 9
Week 1 Quarter 3

Teacher’s Note:
• This hand-out will also serves as your answer sheet.
• Do not forget to write your name on the space provided for.

Day and Learning Learning Mode of

Learning Tasks
Time Area Competency Delivery
Day 1 TLE 9 Checked and Learning Task 1 Option 1
analysed client’s ENUMERATION: Send your
hand nail Directions: Enumerate the outputs to your
structure and following items listed below. TLE 9 teacher
condition. through
Learning Task 2 Labeling: messenger.
Directions: Label the top view Option 2
parts of the nail. Write the answer Have your
in the table below parent/guardian
bring your output
at school.
Mobile number:
09463353018

Day 2 Learning Task 3 Identification

Directions: Identify the word/term
being described in the statement.
Write the answer in your space
provided before the number.

Learning Task 4 Task Sheet

Directions: Do the Task Sheet
and make sure to have a
documentation of your
performance and accomplish the
performance checklist.

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 Nail Structure and Nail Shape

Basic Information about Nail

Nail is a plate of keratin that lies on the tips of the fingers and toes. The main purpose of
the nail is to protect the fingers and toes; however, the fingernail also assists with certain
physical activities in daily life.

NAIL STRUCTURE

It is very essential for a manicurist to have knowledge on the different parts of the nails
for this will be your basis in giving nail care services to your clients.

The nail is an appendage of the skin. Nail is a horny, translucent plate that protects the
tips of the fingers and toes. It is composed mainly of keratin, a protein substance that forms the
base of all horny tissue. The nail is whitest and translucent in appearance and allows the pinkish
colour of the nail bed to be seen. The horny plate contains no nerves or blood vessels

Onyx is the technical term for the nail. The condition of the nail, like that of the skin,
reflects the general health of the body. Onychology is the study of nail. The nails vary in
thickness, being heaviest on the thumbs and big toes.

The characteristics of healthy nails are firm and flexible, slightly pink in color and the
surface is smooth, curved and unspotted, without any hollows or wavy ridges.

Diagram of the nail and its structure

The nail consists of three parts: nail body, nail root and free edge
 Nail Body or Nail Plate - visible portion of the nail that is attached to the nail bed.
 Free edge - end portion of the nail plate which extends beyond the fingertip. It is shaped
during manicure.
 Nail root - beginning of nail found at the base and is embedded underneath the skin.

Structures beneath the Nail

The structures beneath the nail include the nail bed, matrix and lunula.

 Nail Bed – the skin upon which the nail body or nail plate rests. It is supplied with many
blood vessels and nerves. The blood vessels supply nourishment for the nail.

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  Matrix – part of the nail bed which contains nerves and blood vessels and is located
beneath the nail root. It produces cells that generate and harden the nail and will
continue to grow as long as it receives nutrition and remains in a healthy condition.
 Lunula – half-moon shape found at the base of the nail where the matrix connects with
the nail bed.

Structures Surrounding the Nail

The structures surrounding the nail include the cuticle, eponychium, hyponychium,
perionychium, nail walls and nail grooves

 Cuticle - the overlapping skin around the nail. A normal cuticle should be loose and
pliable.
 Eponychium - cuticle extension at the base of the nail body which partly overlaps the
lunula
 Hyponychium – portion of the skin under the free edge of the nail.
 Nail Walls – folds of the skin overlapping the sides of the nail
 Nail Grooves - are slits or tracks in the skin at the side of the nail upon which the nail
moves as it grows.
 Mantle – deep fold of the skin in which the nail root is embedded.

Shapes of Nail

The shape of nail conforms to that of finger tips of an individual.

1. Oval nail - this is common among people with long, perfect nail beds. It may be styled slightly
rounded at the base and slightly pointed at the fingertips. Most often this type of nail has a
natural look and looks very good in a short-medium length.
2. Round nail - ideal for shorter nails, the nail is allowed to grow out straight at the sides for
approximately 1.5 mm and then the tip is filed into a rounded shape. This is a strong shape
which is great for those who keep their nails short.
3. Stiletto/ pointed nail - filed away at the sides to a point at the tip; this shape is very weak as
the sides of the nail (which provide the strength) are totally lost
4. Squoval - As above, but followed by squaring off the tip, this gives the nail tip strength over
the oval shape
5. Square nail- The square-shaped nails are the most famous among the nail shapes. It is
created by allowing the nail to grow out straight and then filing the tip straight across at right
angles with the rest of the nail plate.

Nail Growth

There are factors that can influence the growth of nails such as nutrition, general health
and disease. A nail grows forward, starting at the matrix and extending over the tip of the finger.
Like hair, nails grow faster in warm weather. Adult’s nail growth is about 1/8 inch per month
whereas the nails of the children grow faster than those of the elderly. Toenails grow slowly but
they are thicker and harder than fingernails.

Learning Task 1 ENUMERATION:

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Directions: Enumerate the following items listed below.

A. Parts surrounding the nail

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
B. Shapes of nails
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Learning Task 2 Labeling:

Directions: Label the top view parts of the nail. Write the answer in the table below.

A. F.
B. G.
C. H.
D. I.
E. J.

Learning Task 3 Identification

Directions: Identify the word/term being described in the statement. Write the answer in your
space provided before the number.
______________________ 1. Portion of the skin under the free edge of the nail.
______________________ 2. The skin upon which the nail body or nail plate rests
______________________ 3. Beginning of nail found at the base and is embedded underneath
the skin.
______________________ 4. Folds of the skin overlapping the sides of the nail
______________________ 5. Technical term for the nail

Learning Task 4 Task Sheet

Title: Trimming and Filing Nails
Performance Objective: The learner/manicurist should observe the nail type, skin tissues and
to determine if manicure is possible and which type of service is best to be given to client.
Supplies/Materials: the patron/client, towel, cuticle remover, small basin with water
Equipment/Tools: manicuring table, chair, nail file, nail clippers, nail polisher
Step/Procedures:
1. Prepare patron/client nails.
2. Cut patron/client nails.
3. File nails with desired implements.
4. Check look over nails.

Note: Always observe safety precautions when handling client’s hand/nails.

Make sure to have documentations of your performance.

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 Performance Criteria Checklist
Criteria YES NO
Did you. . .
Prepare patron/client nail?
Trim patron/client nails correctly?
File nails with desired implements?
Check/look over nails?
Ensure safety during the entire process?

YOU ARE NOW READY FOR THE NEXT LESSON!

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Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region IV-A CALABARZON
Division of Rizal
Angono Sub Office
DR. VIVENCIO B. VILLAMAYOR INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Silver St. Medalva Hills Phase III Subdivision, San Isidro Angono, Rizal

Grade 9
Week 2 Quarter 3

Teacher’s Note:
• This hand-out will also serves as your answer sheet.
• Do not forget to write your name on the space provided for.

Day and Learning Learning Mode of

Learning Tasks
Time Area Competency Delivery
Day 1 TLE 9 Recognize nail LEARNING TASK 1 MATCHING Option 1
disorder for TYPE Send your
prepare nail Directions: Match Column A with outputs to your
repair. Column B. Write the letter of the TLE 9 teacher
correct answer in your quiz through
notebook. messenger.
Option 2
LEARNING TASK 2 FILL IN THE Have your
BLANK parent/guardian
Directions: Fill in the blanks with bring your output
the correct answer. at school.
Mobile number:
09463353018

Day 2 LEARNING TASK 3 NAIL

DISORDER
Directions: Choose three (3)
members of the family and check
their nails. List down nail disorder
that you found in their
fingernails/toenails. Write your
answer on the table below.

LEARNING TASK 4 PERSONAL

INSIGHTS
Directions: Write your personal
insights about the lesson using
the prompts below.

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 Nail Diseases and Disorders

Examine your own fingernails. Check its structure and analyze its condition. What have
you observed?

Have you seen somebody who has nail disorder? Nail problem? Are you aware what
cause it? In your next lesson, you have to study why some people have nail problems. In here,
you will be aware on how microorganisms can infect and affect your body particularly the nails
and learn more about how this can be treated.

NAIL DISEASES AND DISORDERS

Did you know your nails can reveal signs to your overall health? Have you noticed some
abnormalities in your fingernails? Are you aware that problems in the liver, lungs and heart can
show up in your nails? Do you bite your nails? Watch out and learn what your nails will reveal!

Onychosis refers to any disease, disorder or condition of the nails.

Having knowledge about infections caused by bacteria will prevent the spread of
infectious diseases, preserve the health of the cosmetologist and the patron and appreciate the
value of proper sanitation.

Pus is the yellowish fluid that oozes from the wound. It is a sign of infection. White blood
cells attack the bacteria and consume them. The pus contains blood cells, body cells and dead
and living bacteria. Bacteria may invade the body through cuts, scratches or punctures in the
skin or through any of the body openings.

Fungi are plant organisms that live on dead, decaying or living matter. Some fungi are
capable of causing serious infections but some are harmful and beneficial.

Diseases may be considered contagious or non-contagious. A disease becomes

contagious or communicable when it spreads from one person to another by direct or indirect
contact. Some of the common contagious diseases are tuberculosis, common cold, ringworm,
scabies, head lice, and virus infections. Coughing, sneezing, unclean hands, eating utensils and
salon equipment play a role in spreading diseases. Diseases that are not able to be spread from
person to person are considered as non-contagious. Genetic diseases, cancers, mental
disorders, autoimmune diseases and heart disease are some of the many diseases that aren't
contagious.

Sterilization is the process whereby microorganisms are destroyed. Equipment and

tools found in salon are needed to be sterilized. Sanitizing or sanitation refers to the physical or
chemical means used to keep the salon and its equipment as clean and free of germs as
possible in order to protect the health of the public.

A. Nail Disorders

Nail Disorders – are condition caused by injury to the nails, diseases or imbalances in the
body.

Name of Nail Definition/Description Treatment/Care/Prev Picture

Disorder ention

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Bluish Nails Appear blue in color which
reveals that body is not getting
enough oxygen. This also
indicates infection in the lungs,
such as pneumonia. Some
heart problems can also be
associated with bluish nails.
It is recommended to
see a physician but
can also be given
manicure with care
and light pressure.

Bruised nail The result of trauma to the nail This can be treated by
plate. This causes injury to nail, not applying pressure
blood becomes trapped under on nail plate.
nail. There is discoloration
under the nail

Corrugations Wavy ridges caused by uneven It is recommended to

growth of the nails, usually the buff the nails carefully
result of illness or injury. to help remove or
minimize the ridges.
Hangnails Split cuticles; loose skin This may be trimmed
separates from the cuticle. This with cuticle nippers,
is caused by dry cuticle and moisturize and apply
environmental. cuticle oil.

Koilonychia or Nails with a concave shape It is recommended to

Spoon Nails usually caused through iron
deficiency anemia. These nails
show raised ridges and are thin
and concave.
Leuconychia A condition in which white
spots appear on the nails but
do not indicate disease and as
the nails grow, these white
spots eventually disappear.
Onychorrhexis Caused by injury to the finger,
or Split / brittle improper filing or exposure to
Nails harsh chemicals. Dry, brittle
nails have revealed thyroid
disease.
file nails carefully with
no pressure and use
nail polish to harden
and protect nail.
The white spots on the
fingernail will gradually
diminish if you start
taking zinc in daily
food. Limit the usage
of nail enamels and
polish to certain
occasions.
It is recommended to
soften nails before
trimming and use daily
moisturizers or have
oil manicures.

Onychauxis An overgrowth of the nail, File the nail smooth

usually in thickness rather than and buff with pumice
length caused by a local powder.
infection and can also be
hereditary. This condition may
be given nail services if
infection is not present.
Onychatrophia An atrophy or wasting away of File the nail smooth
the nail plate which causes it to
with the fine side of
lose its luster, become smaller the emery board.
and sometimes shed entirely. Protect your hands
Injury or disease may account from over exposure to
for this irregularity. water, detergents, and
other chemicals.
Onychophagy Caused by nervous habit and It is recommended
or Bitten Nails stress related. it is a sign of that the client receives
persistent anxiety that could frequent manicure. Do

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 benefit from treatment. This has not bite your nails.
also been linked to obsessive –
compulsive disorder. The signs
are sensitive to touch; nail plate
may appear flat and deformed.
Pterygium The inward advance of skin
over the nail plate. This results
in the loss of the nail plate due
to the development of scar
tissue. Cortisone is used to
prevent the advancement of
scar tissue.
B. Nail Diseases
Nail Diseases – are problems of nails from fungal and bacterial infections to other causes of
nail abnormalities.
Name of Nail Definition/ Description
Diseases
Onychia An inflammation of the
nail matrix accompanied
by pus formation caused
by improperly sanitized
nail implements and
bacterial infections.
Onychocryptosis In this condition, the nail
or Ingrown Nails grows into the sides of
the flesh and may cause
infection. Improper
trimming and shaping of
nails are often
responsible for ingrown
nails.
Onychogryposis A condition in which the
nail curvature is
increased and enlarged;
the nail becomes thicker
and curves, sometimes
extending over the tip of
the finger or toe; this
condition results in
inflammation and pain if
the nail grows into the
skin.
Onycholysis A loosening of the nail
caused by internal
disorder, infection or
drug treatment.
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Never attempt to
remove pterygium,
instead, consult a
physician for advice
and treatment. It is
also suggested to
have oil manicures.
Treatment/ Care/ Pictures
Prevention
Always keep the nails
clean and use
properly sanitized
implements.
It is recommended to
cut the nails properly
and wear comfortable
shoes that fit perfectly
(shoes with a wide toe
area and ones that
don't press your toes)
Apply a moisturizing
cream on the nails
every time you wash
your hands or feet.
Nails should always
be trimmed and avoid
tight fitting foot wear.
It is recommended to
keep the nails short
and avoid nail polish.
Use an emollient
cream after washing
or bathing and try to
avoid irritants such as
nail polish remover
and enamel or
solvents and cleaning
agents.
Onychomycosis Also known as tinea To prevent getting a
unguium or ringworm of nail fungal infection, it
the nails is an infectious is advisable to keep
disease caused by a the nails dry and
fungus which commonly clean, use an
appears in whitish antifungal foot spray
patches that can be or powder and avoid
scraped off from the cutting the skin
surface. around the toenails
since this may be an
entry point for
infection.
LEARNING TASK 1 MATCHING TYPE
Directions: Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter of the correct answer in your quiz
notebook.

Column A Column B

1. Leuconychia a) ingrown nails

2. Onychocryptosis b) inflammation of the skin around the nail

3. Onycholysis c) wavy ridges

4. Paronychia d) shedding of one or more nails

5. Koilonychia e) bitten nails

6. Onychophagy f) white spots

7. Onychoptosis g) an overgrowth of the nail in thickness

8. Onychomycosis h) spoon nails

9. Corrugations i) ringworm of the nails

10. Onychauxis j) loosening of the nail

LEARNING TASK 2 FILL IN THE BLANK

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct answer.
1. Free edge is the part of the nail that can be filed and shaped. It is an extension of the
_____________ that overlaps the hyponychium.
2. ____________ are the folds of skin that overlap the sides of the nail. It holds your nail in
place and protects the nail plate edges.
3. Nail bed is the part of the nail that the nail plate ______________ on, also a continuation of
the matrix. It is abundantly supplied with blood vessels and nerves, having numerous parallel
ridges which dovetail exactly with the ridges on the under surface of the nail plate.
4. Matrix is the only living reproducing part of the nail; this is situated directly below the
___________. New cells form here and continually push towards to produce the nail plate. It
also contains blood vessels and nerves. Blood supply provides the cells with nourishment. If the
matrix is damaged the nail will grow deformed.
5. ____________is a visible nail that rests on the nail bed up to the free edge. This is made up
from dead cells and minimum amount of moisture.

LEARNING TASK 3 NAIL DISORDER

Directions: Choose three (3) members of the family and check their nails. List down nail
disorder that you found in their fingernails/toenails. Write your answer on the table below.

Name of the family member Nail Disorder Found Signature of

the chosen
family member

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 1.

2.
3.

Total

LEARNING TASK 4 PERSONAL INSIGHTS

Directions: Write your personal insights about the lesson using the prompts below.

1. I understand that

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________.

2. I realize that

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________.

YOU ARE NOW READY FOR THE NEXT LESSON!

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