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13th International Conference Interdisciplinarity in Engineering (INTER-ENG 2019)

13th International Conference Interdisciplinarity in Engineering (INTER-ENG 2019)
Broadband Antenna SIW for X-Band Application
Broadband Antenna SIW fora X-Band Application
Dahbi El Khamlichi * , Naima Amar Touhami , Tajeddin Elhamadi , Imane Badaouia
a, a

a, a a
Dahbi El Khamlichi * Essaadi
Abdelmalek , Naima
a Amar
University, Touhami
Faculty , Tajeddin
of Science, BP.2121 Elhamadi
M’Hannech , Imane Badaouia
II, 93030 Tetuan.
a
Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Faculty of Science, BP.2121 M’Hannech II, 93030 Tetuan.

Abstract
Abstract
Technological advances in telecommunications and microwave technology have led for many years to the miniaturization of
circuits, the reduction of costs, the masses and the losses of these devices. SIW (Substrat Integrated Waveguide) Circuits They
Technological
are perfectly inadvances
line with in
thistelecommunications
trend and are currentlyand the
microwave
subject oftechnology
many researchhave topics
led forwith
many years
direct to the miniaturization
applications of
in the industry.
circuits, the reduction of costs, the masses and the losses of these devices. SIW (Substrat Integrated Waveguide)
In this paper, a new slotted antenna structure based on a SIW cavity for X-band (8GHz-12GHz) applications has been designed. Circuits They
are perfectly
moreover, thisin antenna
line withisthis trend and
conceived by are
fourcurrently
pairs of the subject
uniform of manyslots
resonator research
(λg /topics with on
2) placed direct
the applications
lower wall ofinthethecavity,
industry.
in
In this paper, a new slotted antenna structure based on a SIW cavity for X-band (8GHz-12GHz) applications
order to widen the bandwidth, the uniform size of the 4 slots for the purpose to widen the bandwidth also the separation distance has been designed.
moreover,
between thethis antenna
slots is conceived
used to enhance the byvalue
four pairs
of theofgain.
uniform resonator the
In conclusion slotsbandwidth
(λg / 2) placed
of thison the lower
Cavity Backedwallslot
of antenna
the cavity, in
at 10
order to widen the bandwidth, the uniform size of the 4 slots for the purpose to widen the bandwidth
GHz is 9.8 GHz-11.3GHz and the percentage bandwidth is 15% and the second operation band at 11.45GHz is 11.3GHz- also the separation distance
between
11.6GHz theandslots used to enhance
the percentage the value
bandwidth of the gain. In conclusion the bandwidth of this Cavity Backed slot antenna at 10
is 2.62%.
GHz is 9.8 GHz-11.3GHz and the percentage bandwidth is 15% and the second operation band at 11.45GHz is 11.3GHz-
11.6GHz
© 2019 and The the percentage
Authors. bandwidth
Published by isElsevier
2.62%. B.V.. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
© 2020
© 2019The
Peer-review
Authors.
The Published
Authors. by Elsevier
Published ofby the
B.V. B.V.. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
Elsevier
This is an openunder
accessresponsibility
article under the scientific
CC BY-NC-ND
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
committee of the 13th International Conference Interdisciplinarity in
license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Engineeringunder responsibility of the scientific committee of the 13th International Conference Interdisciplinarity in Engineering.
Peer-review
Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 13th International Conference Interdisciplinarity in
Engineering
Keywords: SIW, Slot Antenna; Broadband; X-Band; Resonators.

Keywords: SIW, Slot Antenna; Broadband; X-Band; Resonators.

1. Introduction
1. Introduction
Recent developments in RF, microwave and wireless communication systems are characterized by high data
transfer rates, and they require low loss dielectric substrates, where integration is easy and with low manufacturing
Recent developments in RF, microwave and wireless communication systems are characterized by high data
costs. This means that they can be provided by SIW technology. In addition to this, Substrate Integrated Waveguide
transfer rates, and they require low loss dielectric substrates, where integration is easy and with low manufacturing
(SIW) technology has already generated a lot of interest in the development of many microwave integrated circuits.
costs. This means that they can be provided by SIW technology. In addition to this, Substrate Integrated Waveguide
(SIW) technology has already generated a lot of interest in the development of many microwave integrated circuits.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +212634601666.

E-mail address:elkhamlichidahbi@gmail.com
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +212634601666.
E-mail address:elkhamlichidahbi@gmail.com
2351-9789© 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
2351-9789© 2019 The
Peer-review under Authors. Published
responsibility by Elsevier
of the scientific B.V..of
committee This
theis13th
an open access article
International under the
Conference CC BY-NC-NDinlicense
Interdisciplinarity Engineering
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 13th International Conference Interdisciplinarity in Engineering

2351-9789 © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 13th International Conference Interdisciplinarity in Engineering.
10.1016/j.promfg.2020.04.009
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The SIW guide is synthesized by placing two rows of metal vias in a substrate. The field distribution in the SIW
is similar to that of a conventional rectangular waveguide. As a result, it has the advantages of low cost, high quality
factor and easy integration into built-in microwave and millimeter wave circuits [5]. This leads, in recent years, to a
lot of interest in SIW techniques which has not only increased significantly in communication systems, but also has
developed the active and passive microwave circuits [6] using them.
Antennas SIW technology has provided that suffer from many problems such as, low gain and narrow bandwidth
[1]-[2]-[3]-[4]. To solve these problems, several techniques have been invented, among which we can cite the
addition of the slots on the antenna’s planes, which makes it possible to generalize hybrid modes, or to use several
layers of metal-dielectrics.
In this article, the broadband and high gain Cavity Backed slot antenna is presented and the four pairs of
resonators ( λg / 2) slots are placed on the bottom of the cavity to widen the bandwidth and enhance the gain: The
operating band of the Cavity Backed slot antenna at 10.6 GHz is 9.8 - 11.3GHz and the percentage bandwidth is
15%, while the second operation band at 10.45GHz is 11.3GHz- 11.6GHz and the percentage bandwidth is 2.62%.

2. Antenna Design and structure:

The parameters necessary for the design of the SIW guide are the following: the diameter d of the vias, the
distance p between the vias. The design rules are [11]:

𝝀𝝀𝒈𝒈
�� ��� 𝟎𝟎 � 𝟐𝟐� (1)
𝟓𝟓

Fig. 1. Rectangular waveguide and its equivalent in SIW technology.

The work [12] gives empirical equations, to determine the dimensions of the equivalent rectangular waveguide in
SIW technology, such as:

𝑫𝑫𝟐𝟐
𝑾𝑾𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆 � 𝑾𝑾𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺 � (2)
𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎

𝑫𝑫𝟐𝟐
𝑳𝑳𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆 � 𝑳𝑳𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺 � (3)
𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎

Where (WSIW, LSIW) and (Weq, Leq) are respectively the widths and lengths of the waveguide rectangular in SIW
technology and its equivalent waveguide classic, D is the diameter of the metal cylinder (via) and p is the distance
between two adjacent vias.
The cutoff frequency 𝑓𝑓��� for a rectangular waveguide RWG with a dielectric filling is given by equation (4),
where a, b are respectively the width and the height, of the waveguide:

� � �
𝑓𝑓��� � �� � �� � � � �� � �� � � �����𝟎𝟎 (4)
�√�� ��
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� �
𝑓𝑓��� � �√�� �� ����
� ��
n=1, m=0 (5)
�√�� �� ������ � ������

The proposed antenna is made of copper with a thickness tm = 0.036 mm etched on a Rogers RT / Duroid 5880
type substrate with a relative permittivity εr = 2.2 and a loss constant tgδ = 0.0009, with a thickness equal to 0.787
mm, and designer with ANSYS HFSS EM software.

Fig. 2. Proposed SIW Cavity Backed Slot Antenna geometry and its sides view (top view and bottom view).

3. Results and discussion

The authors begin with a structure SIW without slot, the addition of the slots is done one by one, to study the
effect of the number of slots, on the reflection coefficient (S11), and the bandwidth of this antenna, as indicated in
the Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.The effect of slots on the reflection coefficient of the proposed antenna SIW antenna SIW.
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 Width effect of the feed line e1:

When the feed line width e1 is changed, the SIW Cavity backed Slot Antenna performance also modified (shift of
bandwidth and gain variation), as seen in Fig. 4.

Fig. 4. Effect of feedline width on the reflection coefficient (S11) of the proposed antenna SIW.

 Vertical position effect of slots on the coefficient de reflection:

Among the keys of this structure is to play on the vertical position of slots, which gives a great influence on the
bandwidth, so this parameter permits to widen the bandwidth as seen in Fig. 5.

Fig. 5. Vertical position slots effect on the reflection coefficient (S11) of the proposed antenna SIW.

In the lower wall of the cavity, four radiating slots resonators ( Lslot =λg/ 2) with form of a letter L are graved, the
excitation of these 4 pairs of slots is done by the excitation line, the operating dual band of the Cavity Backed slot
antenna at 10 GHz is 9.8-11.3 GHz and at 11.45 GHz is 11.3 -11.6 GHz and the percentage bandwidth of the first
wideband is 15% in the second broadband the percentage bandwidth is 2.62%.
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The optimum physically dimensions are resumed in Table 1

Table 1.Optimal values of the Antenna parameters.

Parameter Value (mm) Parameter Value(mm)
f 2 s 1
e1 1.8 W 14
f1 45 Ls 6
d 0.8 Ws1 0.7
L 66 Ws2 0.3

The reflection coefficient S11 of the proposed Cavity Backed slot Antenna simulated is shown in Figure 6.

Fig. 6. Simulated reflection coefficient of the proposed antenna.

The parameter S11 give a dual band with the first band is wideband (More than 1.5GHz) and the second band is a
broadband (300 MHz).

4. Conclusion

In this work a new design of SIW Cavity Backed Slot antenna on a Rogers RT / Duroid 5880, four pair of ( λg /2) slot are
etched on broad wall SIW Cavity with same dimensions to expand bandwidth and keeps high radiation performance of SIW
Cavity Backed Slot Antenna , the dualband operating of the proposed antenna at 10 GHz is 9.8 GHz-11.3GHz and the percentage
bandwidth is 15% and the second operation band at 11.45GHz is 11.3GHz- 11.6GHz and the percentage bandwidth is 2.62%.

References

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