Assignment no 1

Vu code bc200412801
Ali Abbas

Question No1

How did Sir Syed Ahmad Khan manage to create cordial relations between the Muslims
and the British? Justify your answer with at least five points.
Answer
 Sir Syed cooperation
Sir Syed intensified his work to promote co-operation with
British authorities, promoting loyalty to the
Empire amongst Indian Muslims. Committed to working for the upliftment
of Muslims, Sir Syed founded a modern madrassa in Muradabad in 1859;
this was one of the first religious schools to impart scientific education.

 British and Muslims

Christianity and Islam are the two largest religions in the world and share a
historical traditional connection, with some major theological differences. The
two faiths share a common place of origin in the Middle East, and consider
themselves to be monotheistic.
 Flag with green colour
Green flag with a white crescent and a white cross flown during the Egyptian Revolution of 1919 to symbolize
the common struggle of Egyptian Muslims and Egyptian Christians against the British occupation.

 British are non Muslims

Christianity is an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion which developed out of Second

Temple Judaism in the 1st century CE. It is founded on the life, teachings, death,
and resurrection of Jesus Christ, and those who follow it are called Christians.
Islam is an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion that developed in the 7th century
CE. Islam, which literally means "submission to God", was founded on the
teachings of Muhammad as an expression of surrender to the will of God. Those
who follow it are called Muslims which means "submitter to God".
Muslims have a range of views on Christianity, from viewing Christians to
be People of the Book to regarding them as kafirs (infidels) that
commit shirk (polytheism) because of Trinitarianism and as dhimmis (religious
taxpayers) under Sharia. Christian views on Islam are diverse and range from
considering Islam a fellow Abrahamic religion worshipping the same God, to
believing Islam to be heresy or an apostatic cult that denies the Crucifixion and
rejects the divinity of Christ.
Islam considers Jesus to be al-Masih, the Arabic term for Messiah, sent to guide
the Children of Israel (banī isrā'īl in Arabic) with a new revelation: al-Injīl (Arabic
for "the Gospel"). Christianity believes Jesus to be the Messiah of the Hebrew
scripture, the Son of God, and God the Son, while Muslims consider the Trinity to
be a division of God's Oneness and a grave sin (shirk). Muslims believe Jesus (Isa)
to be a messenger of God, not the son of God.
Christianity and Islam have different scriptures, with Christianity using
the Bible and Islam using the Quran, though Muslims believe that both the
Quran and the Christian Gospel, termed Injeel, were sent by God. Both texts offer
an account of the life and works of Jesus. The belief in Jesus is a fundamental
part of Islamic theology, and Muslims view the Injeel as tahrif (distorted or
altered), while Christians consider their Gospels to be authoritative and the
Quran to be a later, fabricated or apocryphal work. Both religions believe in
the virgin birth of Jesus through Mary, but the Biblical and Islamic accounts
differ.

 Egypt tahtawi

In 1831, Egyptian Egyptologist and renaissance intellectual Rifa'a al-Tahtawi was part

of the statewide effort to modernize the Egyptian infrastructure and education. They
introduced his Egyptian audience to Enlightenment ideas such as secular authority and
political rights and liberty; his ideas regarding how a modern civilized society ought to
be and what constituted by extension a civilized or "good Egyptian"; and his ideas on
public interest and public good. Tahtawi's work was the first effort in what became an
Egyptian renaissance (nahda) that flourished in the years between 1860–1940.

Question No2

Why did the Muslims of Subcontinent start a movement to support Urdu in the 18 th century?
Justify your answer with at least five points

Answer

 Urdu movement as a political movement

The Urdu movement was a socio-political movement aimed at

making Urdu the universal language and symbol of the cultural and
political identity of the Muslim communities of the Indian
subcontinent during the British Raj. The movement began with the
fall of the Mughal Empire in the mid-19th century, fuelled by the
Aligarh movement of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan. It strongly influenced
the All India Muslim League and the Pakistan movement. The
debate over the status of Urdu for the Muslims of Pakistan would
also give rise to the Bengali Language Movement in East Bengal in
1952
 Muslims in 18th century

From the mid-17th century through the 18th and early 19th centuries, certain Muslims
expressed an awareness of internal weakness in their societies. In some areas,
 Muslims were largely unaware of the rise of Europe; in others, such as India, Sumatra,
and Java, the 18th century actually brought European control.
 Urdu Defence association

The Urdu Defence Association was an organisation developed by Mohsin-ul-

Mulk, starting in 1900 for the advocacy of Urdu as the lingua franca of
the Muslim community of India. The association is regarded as an offshoot of
the Aligarh Movement.
 Protect Urdu
This
situation provoked the Muslims to come out in order to protect the importance
of the Urdu language. The opposition by the Hindus towards the Urdu
language made it clear to the Muslims of the region that Hindus were not
ready to tolerate the culture and traditions of the Muslims.
 18th century for India

India in the 18th century had to endure one of the most chaotic periods in its entire
history. The Mughal Empire, which had dominated the Indian subcontinent for
two centuries, began to decline with internal and external pressures. ... After
Aurangzeb's death in 1707, the empire fell into decline.

Thank you