San Pedro University Medicine faculty

Full name: Level:

Date: / 06 / 2020 Professor: Edmund Louis Loli.

PRE INCAIC MEDICINE

HISTORY OF PRE INCAIC MEDICINE

Activities:
a. Translate the text
b. Complete the following reading with:

ACHIEVED / ALLOWED / BASED / BECAME / BEGAN / CARRIED OUT / CAUSED / CLEANED /

COMPLICATED / CONCLUDED / CONSIDERED / CONSISTED / COVERED / CRUSHED /
DEDICATED / DEVELOPED / DID / DISCOVERED / DIVIDED / EXPOSED / EXPRESSED /
FOUND / GENERATED / HAD / INFRINGED / INJURED / INVESTIGATED / LOCATED / MADE
MANAGED / PERFORMED / PRACTICED / RELATED / REMOVED / REPRESENTED / RESIDED
RETURNED / SKILLED / TOOK CARE / TRANSFERRED / TREATED / USED / WERE.

I. MOCHE CULTURE (100 D.C– 800 D.C)

- It was by German archaeologist Federico Max Uhle in 1901. It was

in the valleys of Chicama, Moche and Virú in the current department of La

Libertad.

- Traditional Peruvian medicine was on a magical religious approach.

- His skills in the development of the huacos which demonstrating his

remarkable advances in medicine, with his scientific spirit, discovered the healing properties

of metals, plants and animals until establishing institutions or professionals exclusively

to the defense of health.

- The way they the sick is faithfully in ceramics.

- People healers as supernatural beings.

A. DIFFERENT PATHOLOGIES ARE KNOWN

- Epilepsy (chronicles by Felipe Huamán Poma de Ayala)

- Tetanus
- Facial paralysis
- Various bone alterations
- Pott's disease

- Cranial deformations _ in mummies, skulls even bicéfalos were shown.

B. THE DISEASES THAT WERE PLASMATED IN CERAMICS ARE:

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- Goiter, exophthalmos and myxedema, which evidences an ancient pathology in Peru

- Cretinism

- Venereal manifestations such as lue (Syphilis)

- Cases of blindness by acute conjunctivitis

- Representations of semi-skeletal onanists

- Psychotic deformations
- Lordotics of the spine
- Acute idiocy
- Cases of Siamese brothers
- Facial paralysis
- Cleft lip ceramics.

C. PATHOLOGICAL HOLES

- Individual with skin manifestations similar to

those by venereal diseases.

- Patient with possible smallpox or uta box.

D. FACIAL PARALYSIS.

E. CONJUNTIVITIS AND BLINDNESS.

F. MALE MEDICAL WOMEN'S MOCHICAS

G. SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS

- The tumi (rectangular or trapezoidal shape.)

- A cutting blade in a semicircular shape

- Medicinal herb plasters with antibiotic properties

- They coca and chicha for their anesthesiological properties

- knew the use of bandages.

I. COMPLETE DOMAIN OF AMPUTATIONS

J. EFFECTIVE TREATMENTS FOR FRACTURES

II. PARACAS CULTURE

- It was in 1925 by Peruvian archaeologist JULIO C. TELLO, 18 km south of

Pisco (Ica). Between 700 BC and 200 A.D.

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- The paracas were to many activities such as weaving, livestock, fishing,

but the most prominent features were their surgical interventions by cranial

trepanations.

They are into two:

A. CAVERN PARACAS: (700 A. C. - 500 A. C.)

- During this period cranial trepanations were to treat the wounded in the

central cranial area and the funeral bundles

B. NECROPOLIS PARACAS: (500 A. C. - 200 D. C.)

- Here, textile art, cranial deformations to distinguish social class and underground burial

chambers were more prominent.

C. THE CRANEAN TREPANATION  WHAT IS A TREPANATION? Trepanation is a

medical practice that involves piercing the skull. Formerly it was done with the aim of

eliminating diseases _ of cerebral origin, while currently it is as

surgical access in some neurosurgery operations, such as brain tumors or to treat subdural

hematoma.

D. PARACAS CRANIAL TREPANATION

- Paracas cranial trepanation of skillfully piercing a part of the cranial bone

with obsidian tips, which was subsequently by a sheet of gold or other metal.

- This technique is as one of the oldest in the world and only very few cases

are known in Africa and Europe

- The trepanations were to cure men who have cranial trauma, it is

assumed that this practice could have been born after war.

E. INSTRUMENTS USED

F. STEPS OF THE SURGEONS (SIR KAH)

1. The surgeon by shedding the wound by bending the scalp outward, then

cleaning the area leaving the bone in sight.

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2. Subsequently they the injured area.

3. After preparing the area, obsidian knives were to make the cuts.

4. The cuts that were _ in the skull parallel and perpendicular in order to

form a kind of rhombus which they could leverage with the blade until it was .

5. That way the bone mass was , which carefully to cover, often with

gold plates and sometimes with bandages, and suture, the operation when the

scalp to its place.

G. NOTES:

- Obsidian knives
- Anesthetics used
- Effectiveness of the intervention

INCA MEDICINE HISTORY

They a traditional medicine on medicinal plants and rituals

to spirituality and energy

- This practice was by herbalists, healers or shamans, known as "Kallawayas"

- The Inca civilization a high degree of medical knowledge; they to

treat many diseases, such as:

• Respiratory disorders,
• Diseases of the immune system,
• Gastrointestinal,
• Eye problems and
• Different pain

A. SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS

The surgical instruments of the Incas quite simple:

• La Vilcachina: was to perform excisions

• The Tumi: served to open skulls

B. HEALTH AND DISEASE IN INCA MEDICINE

- HEALTH

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• The physical, mental and moral health was by the RUNA ("human being" in

Quechua).

- DISEASE According to their conceptions and mentalities, they were only :

• First, by acts of witchcraft or sorcery.

• Second, as punishment by a divinity or supernatural being.

C. MEDICAL TREATMENTS OF THE INCAS

- They hypnosis and anesthesia from coca leaf, natural liquors and

other herbs. - They able to carry out blood transfusions, small operations to

amputate or diseased limbs and even brain surgeries.

- Not only they treat the symptoms of the disease, but they its

causes.

- The location and climate of Machu Picchu it possible to grow medicinal plants,

from all parts of the Empire; wild tobacco, Coca leaves (sacred leaf of the Incas) or others

such as ayahuasca and chacruna.

- To close the open wounds they used the jaws of some species of ants (natural insect

suture).

a. Cranial trepanation antiguos Old amputation instruments

Foxglove plant

D. PHYSICIANS IN THE EMPIRE OF THE INCAS

El Watuk
El Hanpeq
El Paqo
El Sancoyoc
El Hampi Camayoc
El Collahuaya

D. EXERCISE OF MEDICINE IN THE TIME OF THE INCAS

- knowledge of medicine was from parents to children, also to

go to the School of Medicine in the capital of the Empire.

- It took several years for a student to be a doctor.

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- The most were sent with the armies or to the main cities of the empire,

such as Machu Picchu, to treat the nobles

E. THE MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE INCAS

Maca
Cat's claw
Nettle
Chanca stone Grade blood
Hercampuri
Quinoa
Paico
Achiote

F. OF THE ENVIRONMENTS AND TEMPLES In Cuzco, there were small "oratories-

temples" such as 450 for the devotion and sacrifices of the sick.

Pachacamac may have been a center on the coast where the "center of the curators" may

have .

The temple of Pachacamac «center of the curators».

The temples Huari Vilca and Haan Vilca "came to implore health" The Corpahuasi "where

they of them if they very sick."