ASIAN CIVILIZATION MAJOR e.

False teeth
CONTRIBUTIONS f. Anesthesia
1. China - is one of the oldest g. Tissue cauterization
civilizations. 5. Aztec, Mayan and Inca (Mesoamerican)
Contributions: - THREE SISTERS: “beans, corn,
1. Large silk squash”
production started - Cultivation techniques
- Calendars (Aztec, Mayan Haab,
2. Science:
Inca)
a. Physics
MAJOR EVENTS/PRODUCTS IN ANCIENT
b. Astronomy
CIVILIZATION
3. Technology: Stone Age
- Agriculture began
a. Paper - Invention of fire
b. Compass Ancient Age
c. Gunpowder 1. Bronze Age – 3000 BC to 1500
BC
2. India - Indus River valley: rise of
- Humans started to
civilization
work with metal.
- weapons and utensils - First smelting
(bronze and copper) process
● Contributions: 2. Iron Age – 1050 BC to 500 AD
a. Ruler - Iron was greatly
b. Cotton cultivation used during this age
c. Math: Fibonacci for tools and
Numbers, Decimal weapons.
System, Quadratic - More permanent
Formula, zero structures.
3. Middle East - Rise of Islam in the 7th Middle Ages – 476 – 1453 AD
century - S&T flourished in Islamic - Before 1500, more than 80 universities
world than in the West. were established in Europe. Many
● Contributions: universities were supervised by Catholic
a. Until 16th Century - churches. They were engaged in higher
Trade and Transport learning, at least of these courses,
b. Until 18th Century - Medicine, Law or Theology.
Effective transnational The Dark Age, 450 – 1000 AD
trading system, skilled -It was referred to as the time of
merchants with intellectual darkness.
geographical -It characterizes the middle Ages as a
knowledge. time of violence and lack of progress.
c. Cradle of Civilization–
oldest cultures and SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE
civilizations PHILIPPINES
Pre-Colonial Period
4. Africa - First method of counting - Early settlers learned to make simple
(Yoruba system & Zaire system) tools by sawing, drilling and polishing
● Contributions: hard stones.
a. Medicine - Filipinos used caracoa for coastal trade.
b. Bullet removal - Technological advancements were
c. Skin grafting simple, sufficient enough to meet the
d. Filling of dental cavities needs of the people.
Spanish Colonial Period
- Rapid growth in science and technology
happened by the influence of the
Spaniards.
- Establishment of first laboratory
- In medicine, Philippine herbs were
cataloged.
American Period
- Public school system enabled the
children of low-income families to avail
of good, free education. Filipinos were
educated.
- Offices that contributed to the
development of scientific researches:
Bureau of Plant Industry
Commonwealth Period
- Continuous expansion of the public
school system and Government-
recognized private schools and
universities were opened.
- Establishment of National Economic
Council
- Government Corporations were
formed:
Period since Independence
- Department of Science and Technology
(DOST) become member of the cabinet
INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS
Copernican Revolution
The Copernican Revolution, thus named
after Nicolaus Copernicus, changed the
paradigm from the Ptolemaic geocentric
model, which placed the Earth at the
center of the universe, to the heliocentric
model, where it placed the Sun at the
center of the Solar System.
Darwinian Revolution
Charles Darwin was an English naturalist,
biologist, and geologist. The way living
things come into being has undergone a
significant paradigm shift because of the
Darwinian Revolution. He presented his
theory on the origin of species
contradicting the belief that men and all
living things are made by the Divine
Being. He conducted a thorough study,
traveled to numerous places throughout
the world to see the wide range of
species, conducted countless tests for 20
years to verify his beliefs, and
discovered consistent outcomes. He
asserts that all species of life have
shared ancestors over the course of time.
According to the theory of natural
selection, changes in inherited physical or
behavioral features cause organisms to
evolve over time.
Freudian Revolution
- Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud
developed psychoanalysis. The id, ego,
and superego the three basic mental
structures are how Freud discussed
personality development. Complex
human behaviors are produced by
combining these personality traits. Each
element influences personality and
manifests at various times during life. The
property of unconsciousness known as id
includes all inherited traits, birthright
traits, and instincts. The pleasure principle
drives the id. It is the ego's function to
restrain the desires of ids because it
possesses the quality of consciousness.
Dealing with reality is its responsibility.
The influence of others is reflected in the
superego. Freud claimed that the
superego starts to show itself around the
age of five. It is a person's sense of what
is good and wrong. It provides standards
for making decisions.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. Flint – rock that produces spark
2. Heliocentric - sun as center of the
universe
3. Geocentric - earth as center of the
universe
4. Caracoa – ship made by early
Filipinos
5. Smelting – the process of
extracting metals from ore using a
temperature higher than the
melting point of the base metal.
The Philippine Government Science &
Technology Agenda
Harmonized National R&D Agenda
(HNRDA) 2017 – 2022
- Prepared by DOST
- directed toward the realization of
economic and social benefits of
humankind.
Organized into 5 sectors:
1. National Integrated Basic
Research Agenda
2. Health Research and Development
Agenda
3. Agriculture Aquatic and Natural
Resources
4. Industry, energy and emerging
technology
5. Disaster Risk Reduction and
Climate Change Adaptation
National Integrated Basic Research
Agenda
a. Water Security – TUBIG Program
(Tubig ay Buhayin at Ingatan)
b. Food and Nutrition Security – SAPAT
Program (Saganang Pagkain Para sa
Lahat)
c. Health Sufficiency – LIKAS Program
(Likas Yaman sa Kalusugan)
d. Clean Energy – ALERT Program
(Alternative Energy Research Trends)
e. Sustainable Community – SAKLAW
Program (Saklolo sa Lawa)
f. Inclusive Nation Building – ATIN
Program (Ang Tinig Natin
Health Reseach and Development
Agenda
1. Philippine Council for Health
Research and Development
(PCHRD) under DOST
2. National Unified Health Research
Agenda (NUHRA)
Agriculture Aquatic and Natural
Resources
• Technology transfer
• Socio economics
• Policy research
Industry, Energy and Emerging
Technology
The Phil Council for Industry, Energy and
Emerging Technology Research and
Development (PCIEERD-DOST)
Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate
Change Adaptation
1. Phil Institute of Volcanology and
Seismology (PHIVOLCS), and
2. PHIL Atmospheric, Geophysical
and Astronomical Services
Administration (PAGASA)
Agencies responsible for the
implementation of the HNRDA
 DOST – lead agency
 National Research Council of the
Phil (NCRP) – promotes and
support basic research
 PCHRD – mandated as the
national coordinating body for
health researches
 PCIEERD – aims to strengthen the
support in R&D, development of
human resources, diffusion of IT
and development of policies
 PHIVOLCS – evaluates and
harmonizes the agenda for
disaster risk reduction and climate
change adaptation.
 PAG-ASA – collaborates with
PHIVOLCS in evaluating and
finalizing the agenda for disaster
risk reduction and climate change.
 PCAARRD – conducts a roundtable
consultation with the
representatives from other
agencies doing R&D functions in
agriculture and aquatic resources
Government Policies Pertaining to S&T
Republic Act 10055 – known as the Phil
Technology Transfer Act of 2009.
- Framework and support system for
ownership, management, use and
commercialization of intellectual
property resulting from R&D funded by
the government.
Republic Act 2067 – known as the Science
Act of 1958:
Focuses on the integration, coordination
and intensification of scientific and
technological research and development.
Major Science and Technology • Disaster Risk and Exposure
Development Programs in the Phil Assessment for Mitigation
1. DOST – prime mover in formulating (DREAM) Program
policies and rules in science and
technology for the country’s economic
status
 Balik Scientist Program – to
motivate well-trained overseas
Filipino experts to come home to
the country
2. PCAARRD has funded:
- A program that produced irradiated
carrageenan fertilizer that boosts
resiliency of rice plants having an
increased in yield of 65%.
- The trial of cara-vita organic fertilizer in
the rice fields of Bulacan, Laguna,
Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija and Iloilo;
distributed to farmers for free
3. Completion of Electric Train Project in
2015
4. Nationwide Operational Assessment of
Hazard (NOAH) - Primary disaster risk
reduction and management program of
the Phil.

Components of NOAH
• Coastal Hazards and Storm Surge
Assessment and Mitigation
(CHASSAM)
• Disaster Risk Exposure
Assessment for Mitigation – Light
Detection and Ranging (DREAM-
LIDAR) Project
• Distribution of
Hydrometeoroligical Devices in
hard-hit areas in the Philippines
(Hydromet)
• Enhancing Geohazards Mapping
through LIDAR technology
• Flood Information Network
(FloodNET) Project
• Landslide Sensors Development
Project
• Local Development of Doppler
Radar Systems (LaDDeRS)
• Weather Hazard Information
Project (WHIP)