Science, Technology, and Society  Innovated plow to irrigate crops

 Astronomers
 Science
 from the Latin word Scientia which means
3. Egyptian Civilization – 5000 BC to 3100 BC
knowledge.
 Pyramids
 A systematized body of knowledge
 Paper-papyrus
 Organized and dynamic inquiry
 Sun dials – modern clocks
 Following a scientific procedure or method.
 Solar calendar – 360 days
3 main branches of Science:
 Hieroglyphs – writing system
1. Biology – study of life (Botany, zoology,
 Pottery
microbiology)
4. Greek Civilization – 1100 BC
2. Physics – study of energy and its transformation
3. Chemistry – study of chemicals and its  Philosophers
composition (Biochem, Organic Chem, Phycem)  Windmills – milling of grains
 Technology  Alarm Clock
 Comes from the greek word “technologia”  Central Heating
 Systematic treatment of art  Crane
 Application of knowledge in solving scientific and 5. Roman Civilization
practical problems to help human survive  Book of Codex
 Application of science  Gazette – first newspaper
 combination of knowledge, materials, and methods  Roman Numerical System
 process of inventing new or better tools and 6. Chinese Civilization – oldest civilization in asia
materials for a better way of  Tea
 living  Acupuncture
 Society  Gun powder – fireworks
 Is the creator or the one who thought about the  Infrastructure using stones, bricks, woods
knowledge  Lunar calendar
 Also the one who benefits from the application  Solar eclipses
 Is also the constraint by using it in bad ways like 1)
abusing, 2) misuse  Middle Age / Medieval – between ancient and
 people who interact to share a common culture modern times
 First Industrial Revolution
SCIENCE Technology Society  Known as the “Dark Age”
Creator, End-user, a) War
knowledge Application
constraint b) Slavery
c) Segregation of Race
History:
d) Plague
 Civilization – way of life of the society through the  Blood letting – ancient way of healing
use of technology  Renaissance Period – 15th-17th century
1. Johan Gutenburg – first printing press using cast
 Ancient Times 2. Zacharias Janssen – first compound microscope
1. Sumerian Civilization – 3500 BC 3. Galileo Galile – innovated telescope
 Plow
 Wheel  Modern Times – 19th Century
 Sexagesimal Number System (x60)  Gave way to the development of technology
 360 days calendar a) Transportation
 Cuneiform – first writing system b) Communication
2. Babylonian Civilization- 3500 BC to 500 BC c) Medicine
d) Food Processing
 e) Electricity
1. Louis Pasteur – discovered pasteurization (food
processing)
2. Alexander Graham Bell – telephone
3. Alexander Fleming – penicillin (anti-biotic)
4. Samuel M. Kier – innovated kerosene (LPG)
 Intellectual Technology
 refer to the series of events that led to the emergence
of modern science and the progress of scientific
thinking across critical periods in history.
1. Copernican Revolution
 The Copernican Revolution refers to the 16th-
century paradigm shift named after the Polish
mathematician and astronomer, Nicolaus
Copernicus.
 View of the universe which suggests that Earth and
other planets revolve around the Sun in circular
orbits.
 Nicolaus Copernicus proposed Heliocentrism that
started the Copernican Revolution during the 16th
and 17th century.
 Heliocentric theory
 Sun-Centered”- Derived from the Greek word
“helios”, meaning “sun”
 was presented on Copernicus' book, "De
revoluntionibus orbium coelestium" published in
1543
 The proposition was first opposed by the Church.
 The revolution later transformed the scientific
inquiry and worldview of the people.
 Geocentric system
 Ptolemy's model, also known as Ptolemaic system
 Based on Aristotle’s and Ptolemy
 the earth was fixed in the center of the universe
 Who is Nicolaus Copernicus?
 polymath, mathematician, and an astronomer of
the Renaissance era.
 He influenced significant figures in history,
some of which are: Galileo Galilei, Johannes
Kepler, and Isaac Newton.
2. Darwinian Revolution
 The English naturalist, geologist and biologist,
Charles Darwin is credited for stirring another
important intellectual revolution in the mid-19th
century.
 His treatise on the science of evolution,
 “On The Origin of Species” was published in
1859 and began a revolution that brought
humanity to a new era of intellectual discovery.
 The Darwinian Revolution benefitted from earlier
intellectual revolutions especially those in the
16th and 17th centuries, such that it was guided
by confidence in human reason’s ability to
explain phenomena in the universe.
 Natural Selection – an evolutionary process by
which organisms, including humans, inherit,
develop, and adapt traits that favored survival and
reproduction.
 the natural environment acts as the selecting
agent rather than humans.
 often described as "survival of the fittest,"
referring to the ability to survive and reproduce.
 Who is Charles Darwin?
 English naturalist whose theory of evolution by
natural selection served as the basis for
contemporary evolutionary research
 Influenced by Erasmus Darwin, Thomas
Malthus, Alfred Russel Wallace
3. Freudian Revolution
 Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud is
credited for stirring a 20th century
intellectual revolution named after him the
Freudian Revolution.
 It is about the human behaviour and how it
is affected by thoughts and feelings.
 Psychoanalysis as a school of thought in
psychology in at the center of this
revolution. Psychoanalysis said that our
present is shaped by our past.
 According to him, development has 5 stages:
1) Oral – mouth as center of pleasure
2) Anal – anus is the main focus
3) Genital – manipulate areas of the
body
4) Phallic stage – masturbation
5) Latency
 Three components of personality:
 1) Super Ego – judgment, morality
2) Ego –finds balance, reality
3) Id – driven by pleasure
2. DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN ASIA
 THE CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE
1. DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN
MESOAMERICA
 Mesoamerica includes the entire area of Central
America to Central Mexico
 Olmec Civilization - the first major Meso-American
civilization.
Key Figures in the Revolution
a) Mayan Civilization
 The Mayan Civilization is one of the famous
civilizations that lasted for approximately 2000 years
 These people are known for their works in
astronomy. Have advanced knowledge and
understanding of celestial bodies.
 Have a developed technology in agriculture.
 They built hydraulics system with sophisticate
waterways to supply water to different communities.
 They are also believed to be one of the first people
to produce rubber products
 Invented a calendar and a system of writing
b) Aztec Civilization
 The education was mandatory.
 Chocolates – The Aztec in Mexico developed
chocolates during their time.
 Antispasmodic medication – They used a type of
antispasmodic medication that could prevent muscle
spasms and relax muscles
 Chinampas – It is a form of Aztec technology for
agricultural farming in which the land was divided
into rectangular areas surrounded by canals
 Invention of the canoe – A light narrow boat used
for traveling in the water systems
c) Inca Civilization
 roads paved with stones
 the first suspension bridge
 irrigation system and technique for storing water for
their crops to grow in all types of land
 stone buildings that surround earthquakes and other
disasters
 calendar with 12 months to mark their religious
festivals and prepare them for planting seasons
a) India
 They are known for manufacturing iron and
metallurgical works.
 Their iron steel is considered to be the best and
held with high regard in the whole of Roman
Empire.
 India is famous in medicine, Aryuveda a system of
traditional medicine that originated in ancient India
before 2500 BC.
 They discovered medicinal properties of plants that
led them to develop medicines to cure various
illnesses.
 Susruta Samhita decribes different surgical and
other medical procedures famous in Ancient India.
 Ancient India is also notable in the field of
astronomy. They developed theories on the
configuration of the universe, the spherical self-
supporting earth and the year of 360 days with 12
equal parts of 30 days each.
 Ancient India is also known for their mathematics
b) China
 Chinese are known for traditional medicines, a
product of centuries of experiences and discovery
of the Chinese people.
 They discovered various medical properties and
uses of different plants and animals to cure human
illness. Example is the practice of acupuncture.
 compass, papermaking, gunpowder and printing
tools
 Chinese also made a significant records on
supernovas, lunar and solar eclipses and comets,
which were carefully recorded and preserved to
understand better the heavenly bodies and their
effects to our world.
c) Middle East Countries
 The Middle East countries are dominantly
occupied by Muslims.
 The common language of Arabic, access to Greek
texts from the intellectualization of the Muslims
and provided their scholars to create innovations
and develop new ideas.
History of Science and Technology

 Spanish Era
 Name and Surname
 Catholicism/ Christianity
 Schools – ran by the friars/ priest
a) Medicine (Human Body)
b) Astronomy (Heavenly Bodies)
c) Botany (Plants)
d) Veterinary Medicine (Animals)
Advance Sudies in: (Migrate and study in Europe)
a) Medicine
b) Engineering
c) Arts
d) Music
e) Literature

 Pre-Spanish Era
 The concept of technology was brought to us by the
Spaniards. However, before them we already have
technologies of our own:
a) Climate Interpretation
 Pang ilang araw/ season through observing 1) crops
2) animals
b) Concept of days and months
 Nahahati in 2 seasons
c) Weapons for hunting
d) Bahay Kubo
 Elevated for ventilation
 Elevated para madaling ilipat

 After World War II

 Mayroong sariling gobyerno
 Nagkaroon ng funds so sustain and prioritize science
and technology
a) Geology
b) Environmental Science
c) Food Technology
 Banana Ketchup because of tomato
scarcity that aids US Militaries)