i.

(Ancient World)

A. Science - No knowledge and poor in technology.

- has existed since the dawn of human existence. a. Primitive man

- started among pre-Socratic philosophers in the 6th cebtury, that is now Turkey ; conceived that the earth and limitless
and Greece
; observed the changing of the seasons in connection tonthe shifting of the sun
- Latin scientia, meaning knowledge.
; recognized the fundamental distinction between living and non living things
- systematic attempt to discover facts through observation and reasoning.
; practiced instinctive therapeutics.
- involves a pursuit of knowledge covering general truths or the operations of
fundamental laws. b. Stone Age

- any systematic knowledge or practice. - humans used primitive stone tools.

- a system of a acquiring knowledge based on the scientific method. - humans were hunter-gathererswho lived in small, nomadic groups.

- organized body of knowledge gained through research. Neanderthels - stone tools

- tries to discover facts and principles and then tries to create theories that makes Cro-Magnons - hafting (head and haft)
sense of these facts and relationships.
c. Neolithic Revolution, the Agricultural Stage

- Hunters became settlers to agrarian communities.

- Climate change has impact the life on this stage when they established their
B. Scientific Method community.

Observation - discover or identify problems. d. Fertile Crescent

Hypothesis - patterns and trends are needed in order to support our hypothesis. - the Cradle of Civilization.

Prediction - calculated guess. e. Mesopotamia

- formed from the ancient words meso and potamos

- situated between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers which are some of the
freshwaters that are necessary for agricultural production.
C. The human attempt to understand the natural world, with or without
concern for practical uses of that knowledge. f. Summerian Civilization

Natural World - volcanoes, gravity, atoms, plants, and animals. - explored the practice of the scientific hypothesis.

The human attempt to change the world. - engaged in technological innovation.

- created the earliest written language.

D. Technology - developed mathematics, astronomy and astrology.

techne - art, craftmanship - fashioned the concept of time.

logos - word, speech, discourse, reason - wheel

- the means or activity by which man seeks to change or manipulate his - sail
environment.
- cuneiform
- human activity involved with the making and using of material artifacts.
- irtigation and diked
- same level as art, politics, economics, and the like.
- farming implements
- involves tools, techniques, procedures for putting the findings of science to
practical use. g. Babylonian Civilization

- Cartography

- Mathematics

E. Relationship of Science and Technology - Astronomy

Science explores for the purpose of knowing while technology explores for the - Astrology
purpose of making something useful from that knowledge.
h. Ancient Egyptian Science and Technology
Science drives technology by making new technology possible through
scientific breakthroughs. - developed along the Nile River

- built grand monuments and temples

- made advances in engineering, architecture, agriculture, medicine, astronomy,

and even in art and literature.
F. History of Science and Technology
- Hieroglyphics used pictograms and alphabet like character that stood for
certain sounds.
- Egyptians had developed durable sheets of writing material from the papyrus
plant.
Hippocrates and Galen
- experiments and records to heal the sick.
- first scientific approach in the field of medicine.

- handheld mirrors and depiction of Ancient Egyptian toothbrush - Hippocrates (make a habit of two things; to help or at keast to do no harm.)

- Temle of Luxor and Great Pyramid of Giza - Galen (the physician is only the nature's assistant.)

- Egyptian Astronomy - for spiritual and practical purposes with stars and
constellations; Star Clock and Merkhet.

- Medicine was intimately tied to magic.

H. Middle Ages
- Best known medicines in Egypt, Ebers Papyrus in 1500 BCE, Edwin Smith
Papyrus in 1600 BCE , London Medical Papyrus in 1629 BCE. - Science continued through the Roman Empire.

- Practiced embalming and mummification. - Science in the West ceased to progress.

- European scientist in the middle ages, they were generally isolated and
marginalized.

- Most scientific advancements from 500-1300 were made in the Islamic Word.
G. Antiquity to 20th CE
- Medicine, Astronomy, Chemistry developed in these region.
- Ancient Greek science were among the finest in antiquity.
- Avicenna pioneered that lead to the modern hospital.
- Mathematics was born in Egypt. The Babylonians were the first to apply it to
Astronomy. - Scholasticism tried to reconcile ancient Greek thought with biblical dogma
(start at the end of the Dark Ages) in the 12th Century.
- The pre-Socratic philosophers in Ancient Greece were the first to develop a
systematuc Science.

Philosophers.

Thales of Melitus I. The Renaissance

- the most difficult thing in life is to know yourself. - St.Thomas Aquinas endorsed Natural Theology knowing God by studying his
creation.
- he was dubbed as the Father of Science im 7th Century.
- This led to a social revolution—people started to think.
- first to posit non-supernatural explanations for earthquakes, lightnings, etc.
- Free discussion weakened the Church's sovereign.
- predicted solar eclipses, droughts and made a fortune doing so.
- Thinkers turned away from Church and going to antiquity for inspiration.
Anaximander
- Renaissance means birth or human life in Greek.
- the source from which existing things derive their existence is also that to
which they return at their destruction. - The universe is once again a rational, comprehensible place.

- believed life came from water and mud.

- humans evolved from lower life forms but Charles Darwin's speculation was
later vindicated and credited.

Empedocles

- discovered air using a straw and a glass of water.

J. The Scientific Method
- discovered invisibility.
- Aristotle is the authority in Science and the smartest man who ever had and
Democritus was challenged by Francis Bacon.

- first to theorize that matter is made up of atoms (literally means uncuttable in - All motion and change are explained in terms of a thing's purpose.
Greek).
- Francis Bacon (being a genius is like being able to run fast. You travel far, but
Eratosthenus unless you have a map, you'll be lost.)

- measured the size/circumference of the earth using 2 sticks. - He provided map which is the first scientific method.

- created the first map of the world - Empirical observation and experimentation, rational analysis, mathematical
modeling, and deductive reasoning.
Pythagoras
- Boyle's Theory of Gases, Laws of Electricity, Harvey's Theory of the
- started a school dedicated to Mathematics and its application to nature. Circulation of the Blood.

- a fool is known by his speech, and a wise man by his silence. - The telescope, the microscope, thermometer, the printing press, gun powder,
the compass.
> Chemistry - consisted of 5 basic elements; Earth, Air, Fire, Water, Aether
K. Scientific Revolution -Lots of inventions are ways to have fun or good things to eat.

- human reason, not faith, has the power to discover ultimate truth. -Solve problems

- Nicholas Copernicus proposed the heliocentric view of the universe.
Copernican Revolution challenged the Ptolemaic Geocentric and dominated for
1400 years.
- Copernican Revolution (we have to think our place in the universe. if we're not
the center, does that mean we're not special?)
- Copernicanism could explain things that the Ptolemaic system could not, the
retrogade motion of the planets.
-Many inventions keep people safe.
The internet is the man’s greatest invention
-it has the potential to increase educational quality in a variety of ways.
-the internet has taken communication to its next level
-people are able to find all types of information through the net.
-with the power of internet, new job opportunities have developed.

Activities Vinton cerf bob khan- What most of us think of as the Internet is really just the
pretty f ac e o f the o p e r a t i o n — b r o w s e r w i n d o w s , websites,
What is the purpose and objective of an invention? URLs, a n d se a r c h bars. But the real Internet, the b r a i n b e h i n d t h e
-serve purpose i n f o r m a t i o n s upe r h ig hw a y, i s an intricate set o f p r o t o c o l s a n d
-advancement r u l e s that s o m e o n e ha d to d e v e l o p b e f o r e we c o u l d get to the
-change W o r l d W i d e We b .
-solve practical problems in a new and advanced way The internet (Tim Berners Lee)-The dream behind the We b is o f a
-human progress and development c o m m o n information space in which we communicate b y sharing
-to overcome a barrier and be stronger information. Its universality is essential: the fact that a hypertext link can
-to create something point to anything, be it personal, local o r global, be it draft o r highly
-to improve quality of life.
polished.
-The purpose or objective of an invention is to solve a specific problem or to
determine ways in improving the way of living. These are created to make our ◇ Cellphones- to make communication easier.
tasks easier, to entertain us, and to save lives. ◇ Machines- to make bulk products at a speedy process.
◇ Airplanes- to make travelling less hassle.
-To solve a common issue. ◇ Computers- to aide in the use of technology.
◇ Glasses- temporary remedy for poor eyesight.
-To develop a more helpful product.
-For our group, man’s greatest invention is the internet. It has actually existed
-To fill a void in the marketplace. since 1969 but it came to limelight when Tim Berners Lee invented the World
-To turn it into a business. Wide Web in 1989 and it was subsequently implemented in 1991. The use of
internet is very evident in almost every aspect of our lives today.
- “Inventions were made, to help people and other living things in our life no -The Internet is becoming the town square for the global village of tomorrow. -
matter what productive reason it is.” Bill Gates
-to provide solution Wheel-It is the simplest yet the most fundamental of all machines invented
-to serve purpose -Electric Light bulb – invented by Thomas Edison in the USA, 1879
-Solve specific problem
-Betterment function of human necessity -Internet - invented in the USA, 1983
-Change society
-Electricity
Why is an invention important?
-It manages human survival. The greatest Filipino inventor:
-It creates new technologies. Dra. Fe Del Mundo (Bamboo Incubator)-She created a bamboo version of a
-It improves our lives. modern medical incubator that is less expensive and easier to assemble for rural
-productivity populations. She is also the founder of children’s medical center.
-opportunities to mankid -Dr. Fe d e l M u n d o p i o n e e r e d n u m e r o u s i n n o v a t i o n s t h r o ug ho ut
-survival he r m o r e than 70- y e a r m e d i c a l career. A c o m m i t t e d
-change h u ma ni t ar ia n , d e l M u n d o dedicated he r lif e to the health o f the
-improvement to one’s life w o r l d ’s c h i l d r e n .
-Inventions are important for driving technological and human progress. An -h e r ev o l u ti o n i z ed Ph i l i p p i n e m ed i c i n e, m ak i n g
b r e a k t h r o u g h i n i m m u n i z a t i o n a n d i n the treatment o f
invention is the creation of something that didn't exist before that play a part in jau ndice , a nd p r o v i d i n g healthcare to t h o u s a n d s o f p o o r
our daily lives by providing us with the things we need to live comfortably and f a m i l i e s . She i s credited with s t u d i e s that l e d to the i n v e n t i o n of
the i n c u b a t o r a nd a j a u n d i c e r e lie v i ng device. H e r me thod s, l i k e
healthily or by saving us precious time and effort as we carry out our daily tasks. the BRAT diet for c u r i n g diarrhea, have s p r e a d t h r o u gh o u t the
After these things were designed and distributed - life became a little easier. w o r l d a n d sav e d m i l l i o n s .
- E r y t h r o m y c i n - D r. A b e l a r d o A g u i l a r
-T he w ide variety o f t e c h n o l o g i e s a n d s c i e nc e d i s c o v e r i e s -Diosdado Banatao -Single-chip 16-bit microprocessor-based calculator
p r o d u c e d b y h u m a n i t y h a s l e d to the b u i l d i n g a n d d e ve l o p m e n t -Leonardo S. Sarao Sr. -Jeepneys
o f the c i v i l i z a t i o n s o f each age, st i mu la te d e c o n o m i c growth, -Ramon Barba
r a i s e d pe ople ’s s t a n d a r d s o f living, e nc our a ge d c u lt ur a l
de ve lopme nt, a nd ha d a tremendous impa c t of re ligion o n What is invention?
thought, a nd m a n y other h u m a n activities. -the action o f inve nting so me th in g, t y p i c a l l y a p r o c e s s o r
- T he impa c t o f sc i e n c e a n d te c hn ol og y o n m o d e r n soc ie ty i s device.
b r o a d a nd wide-ra nging, i n f l u e n c i n g s u c h areas as p ol i ti c s , -Anything new or different in the world made by people is an invention.
d ip lo m a c y , def e nse , the e c on om y, me dic in e , transportation,
agriculture, s o c i a l capital im pr ove me nt , a nd m a n y mo r e . T h e
f r u i t s o f sc i e n c e a n d te c hn ol og y f i l l every c o r n e r o f o u r live s.
Middle East in 17th century
-Inventions are crucial for technology and human advancement. The great
importance of this is that it solves problems and changes the world.
Middle East is a term used to describe a geographic location. Islam is a religion
-An invention is also an act of magic and a gift. that follows the teaching of Muhammad who was believed by Muslims as the
-Inventions is created to make our life easier and better. messenger of God.
Islam as a Religion-Practicality of Islam and openness to embracing knowledge
resulted to some advancement in the field.
(Geography, mathematics,medicine)

5 Pillars of Islam (Shahada,Salat,Sawm) (Zakat,Hajj,Holy Book called Qur’an)

Contributions to Geography
Salat prayers-The daily ritual prayer enjoined upon all Muslims
Al Idrisi-An Arab geographer who oversaw the creation of more than 70 maps.
Al-Muqdishi-He created the Tabula Rogeriana, one of the most advanced
medieval world map.
Muslim Navigations-Ferdinand Magellan and Christopher Columbus imported
Muslim navigators.

Contributions to Mathematics
-Symbols, Zero and Decimal, Algebra

Medicine Contribution
-Human Anatomy and Physiology
-Encylopedia of Medical Knowledge
-Islamic Bimaristans