Made by: ARIANNA SASUMAN How is Science used in Technology?

-Makeup – Kohl
GE 7: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY - J
Ma. Fe Divinagracia Science is the pursuit of knowledge -Wig
“Thou shall not steal.” –Exodus 20:15 about the natural world through -Water clock/Clypsydra – timekeeping
©2021
systematic observation and experiments. device
Through science, we develop new
technologies Greek Civilization
HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND
Technology is the application o -archipelago in south eastern part of
TECHNOLOGY (HST)
scientifically gained knowledge for Europe
-a field of history that examines how the
practical purpose -mathematics
understanding of the natural world
-Scientists use technology in all their -Greek Alarm clock believed to be used
(science) and the ability to manipulate it
experiments by Plato
(technology) have changed over the
-comes from the Greek words tekhne, -Water Mill
millennia and centuries
meaning “art of craft” and logio which
-studies the cultural, economic, and
means “subject or interest” Roman Civilization
political impacts of scientific innovation.
-“practical application of what we know -strongest political and social entity in
-Histories of science were originally
about nature” the west
written by practicing and retired
-Bad Romans
scientists, starting primarily with William
Ancient Times -Newspaper
Whewell
>Transportation – trading, looking for -Bounds books or Codex
-1930s, after a famous paper given by
food, to get from point A to point B -Roman Architecture
the Soviet  historian  Boris Hessen, was
>Communication – record keeping
focused into looking at the ways in which
>Weapons – armor, protection, alliances Chinese Civilization
scientific practices were allied with the
>Conservation of Life – treating -oldest civilization in Asia
needs and motivations of their context
illnesses -AKA the middle kingdom
-After  World War  II, extensive resources
>Engineering – improvements of -the Silk Road
were put into teaching and researching
structure -Chinese emperor drank the first tea
the discipline, with the hopes that it
Ex: Teotehuacan in Mexico, -The great wall of China
would help the public better understand
Central America (Pyramid of the Sun, -Gun powder
both Science and Technology as they
Pytramid of the Moon and the Avenueo f
came to play an exceedingly prominent
the Dead) Medieval/Middle Ages
role in the world-1960s, especially in the
>Architecture -the age of wars
wake of the work done by Thomas Kuhn,
-the printing press by Johann Gutenberg
the discipline began to serve a very
Sumerian Civilization -the microscope by Zacharias Janssen
different function, and began to be used
-Sumeria is located in the southernmost -the telescope for navigation
as a way to critically examine the
of ancient Mesopotamia (now Iraq)
scientific enterprise
-cuneiform – form of writing in clay for Modern Times
records -Pasteurization by Louis Pasteur
-The Uruk City – the first City; use mud to -Petroleum Refinery
HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS OF
make houses -Telephone by Alexander Graham Bell
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
-The Great Ziggurat of Ur – mountain of -calculator
God
Science – concerted human effort to
-Irrigation and dikes Philippines Inventions
understand or to understand better the
-Sailboats -Amphibious tricycle
history of the natural world works with
-Wheel -Salt lamp
observable physical evidence as the basis
-Plow – easier agriculture -Medical incubator
of understanding
-Road – sun baked bricks to make roads -Mosquito Ovicidal/Larvacidal Trap
-done through observation of natural
System
phenomena and/or through
Babylonian Civilization -eJeepney
experimentation that tries to stimulate
-near the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
natural processes under controlled
-great builders, engineers and architects The Role of Science and Technology
conditions
-Hnaging Gradens of Babylon for King 1. Alter the way people live, connect,
-knowledge about or study of the natural
Nebuchadnezzar II’s wife, Queen Amytis communicate and transact with profound
world based on facts learned through
effects on economic development
experiments and observation
Egyptian Civilization 2. Key driver to development because
-scientists were called “philosophers of
-North Africa technological and scientific revolutions
nature”
-Paper or Papyrus underpin economic advances,
Technology – science of knowledge put
-Ink by combing soot with different improvements in health systems,
into practical use to solve problems or
chemicals education and infrastructure
invent useful tools
-Hieroglyphics – system of writing using
symbols
3. Technological revolutions of the 21st
century are emerging from entirely new
sectors
4. Better lives of poor people in
developing countries
5. Differentiators between countries that
are able to tackle poverty effectively by
growing and developing their economies,
and those that are not
6. Engine if growth
7. Interventions for cognitive
enhancement, proton cancer therapy and
genetic engineering
Society – sum total of our interactions as
human, including the interactions that w
engage in to figure things out and to
make things
-a group of individuals involved in
persistent social interactions, or a large
social group sharing the same
geographical or social territory, typically
subject to the same political authority
and dominant cultural expectations
What does Science Technology and
Society mean?
Science and Technology Studies (STS) is
the study of how society, politics, and
culture affect scientific research and
technological innovation and how these,
in turn, affect society, politics and culture
Science and Technology Studies
-a relatively recent discipline, originating
in the 60s and 70s, following Kuhn’s The
Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962)
-result of a “sociological turn” in science
studies
-makes the assumption that science and
technology are essentially intertwines
and that they are ach profoundly social
and profoundly political
How Science and Technology Affect
Society?
-make life easier
-science influences society through its
knowledge and world view
How Science can have an effect on
Society?
-Science influences society through its
knowledge and world view
-the effect of science on society can
neither entirely be beneficial nor entirely
detrimental
What is the relationship between
Science and Society?
-society also influences science
-there are social influences on the
direction and emphasis of scientific and
technological development, through
pressure groups on specific issues, and
through generally accepted social views,
values and priorities
History of Science and Technology in
the Philippines
-main managing agency: Department of
Science and Technology
>Pre-Spanish Era
-natives were already linked to science
and technology before the Spaniards
came
-Filipinos were aware of the medicinal
and therapeutic properties of plants and
the methods of extracting medicine from
herbs
-already has an alphabet, number system,
weighing and measuring system and a
calendar
-engaged in farming, shipbuilding,
mining and weaving
-The Banaue Rice Terraces are among the
sophisticated products of engineering by
Pre-Spanish Era Filipinos
>Spanish Colonial Era
-Spanish introduced formal education
and founded scientific institution
-Parish schools were established during
the early years of Spanish rule, where
religion, reading, writing, arithmetic and
music was taught
-sanitation and more advanced methods
of agriculture were taught by natives
-established colleges and universities
(University of Santo Tomas)
-Galleon Trade
-Trade
-agriculture and industrial development
were relatively neglected
-Suez Canal, influx of European visitors to
the Spanish colony
-Filipinos were able to study in Europe
(Age of Enlightenment)
>American Period
-July 1, 1901 – Bureau of Government
Laboratories that dealt with the study of
tropical diseases and laboratory projects
-October 26, 1905 - Bureau of
Government Laboratories was replaced
by the Bureau of Science
-December 8, 1933 – National Research
Council of the Philippines was established
>Post Commonwealth Era
-1970s laws to give importance to
science
>American Period
-inclined towards agriculture, food
processing, forestry, medicine and
pharmacy
Paradigm Shifts in History
Paradigm – a typical example or pattern
of something
-distinct set of concepts or thought
patterns, including theories, research
methods, postulates and standards for
what constitutes legitimate contributions
to a field
What is a Paradigm Shift?
-a fundamental change in approach or
underlying assumptions
-American physicist and philosopher
Thomas Kuhn
Why are Paradigm Shifts important?
-another expression for more significant
changes within belief systems
Kuhn’s Paradigm
Thomas Samuel Kuhn – book: The
Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) –
a book about the history of Science
The Kuhn Cycle
-a steady progression of the
accumulation of new ideas
Kuhn’s Paradigm
-Kuhn argues that paradigms change in
scientific revolutions
-Kuhn argues that science is not moves
by a rational process but more by a social
unity
The Steps of Kuhn Cycle:
1. Pre-science – aka pre-paradigm stage
-there is not yet a model of
understanding mature enough to solve
the field’s main problems
-no workable paradigm to successfully
guide its work
2. Normal Science – the regular work of
scientists theorizing, observing, and
experimenting within a settled paradigm
or explanatory framework
-where the field has a scientifically based
model of understanding
3. Model Drift – model of understanding
starts to drift due to the accumulation of
anomalies and phenomenon, the model
cannot explain
4. Model Crisis – most important step
-model drift becomes so excessive the
model is broken
-it can no longer serve as a reliable guide
to problem solving
-attempts to patch he model up to make
it work fail
-field is in anguish
5. Model Revolution – serious
candidates for a new model emerge
-it is a revolution because the new model
is radically different from the old one
6. Paradigm Change – aka Paradigm
Shift
-new model of understanding
-new model is taught to newcomers to
the field as well as to those already in it
-when the new paradigm becomes the
generally accepted guide to one’s work,
the step is complete
Historical Examples of Paradigms
>Society/Ethics
-Slavery
-Role of Children in Society – Child labor
-Male superiority
-Reading and the control over
information
-The Reformation
>Natural Sciences
-Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
-Plate tectonics
-Albert Einstein’s space time is not fixed
or objective
>Human Sciences
-Psychology: Sigmund Freud
-Economic – government interventions
>The Arts
-The Realist Paradigm – the purpose of
art is to copy reality
-Shakespeare
-Jazz and Rock revolutionizing music
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE
PHILIPPINES
Among the men and women who have
made contributions to science are Fe del
Mundo in the field of pediatrics, Eduardo
Quisumbing in plant taxonomy, Gavino Francis Bacon – developed Scientific
Trono in tropical Method
marine phycology and Maria Orosa in the -ORHEAC
field of food technology.
Charles Darwin – Father of Evolution
*evolution – change over time, the
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONS process by which modern organism have
descended from ancient organisms
"The idea of scientific revolution is claimed to -explained 3 broad observations:
have started in the early 16th century  up to *the diversity of life
the 18th century in Europe. Scientific *the unity of life
revolution was the period of enlightenment *the match between organisms and their
when the developments in the fields of environment
mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology,
chemistry transformed the views of society
about nature. It explained the emergence or
birth of modern science as a result of these
developments from the disciplines
mentioned".
Scientific Revolution – golden age
-birth of science as a discipline
-16th – 18th century
-was called “natural philosophy”
-1542-1700
-new ways to study universe
Causes of Scientific Revolution:
-discovery and colonization
-translation of Ancient and Medieval
works
-new inventions and institutions
promoted sharing of knowledge
The Philosophical Medieval View
Geocentric Theory – earth was an
unmoving object located at the center of
the universe – the sun and planets moved
around the earth
-supported by Aristotle and Ptolemy
Heliocentric Theory – sun centered
universe
-Nicolaus Copernicus
Johannes Kepler – elliptical orbits
-confirms Copernicus
Galileo Galilei – 1st telescope
Isaac Newton – law of motion
Andreas Vesalius – 1st to dissect human
bodies
William Harvey – heart acted as a pump
to circulate blood throughout the body