Learning Objective

1. Discuss the interaction between S&T and

Society throughout the history.
2. Discuss how scientific and technological
development affects society and its
environment.
3. Identify the paradigm shifts in history.
Problems on Ancient Times Addressed by
Science and Technology
S - Security and Protection

H - Health

A - Architecture and Engineering

M - Mass Production

R - Record Keeping

A - Aesthetic

C - Communication

T - Transportation and Navigation

 SAFETY AND PROTECTION
• WEAPONS AND ARMORS were important as well in the
discovery new places or the establishment of new alliances
with other tribes. Stronger nations tended to invade weaker
ones so they could take much need resources. As such, the
development of weapons and armors for security and
protection was considered a major achievement.
SAFETY AND PROTECTION
 Security and Protection
• The stone age is a time when small tribes of
people and whatever weapons they had at
their disposal were the only sources of security
when unexpected might happen.
• People use fire and night watches to protect
themselves from enemies and wild animals.
 Security and Protection
1. Watchtowers
- It’s main purpose is to
provide a high, safe place
from which a guard may
observe the surrounding
area.
 Security and Protection

2. Walls
- Throughout history city walls were made as protection from
the enemy. Some were built on hills, making invasions more
difficult, while others fronted seas ship invaders or pirates.
 Security and Protection

3. Gates
- prevent or control the entry or exit of individuals.
 Security and Protection

4. Moats
- a depression surrounding a castle, city wall, or other fortification,
usually but not always filled with water.
 Security and Protection

5. Weapons
- Many ancient weapons utilized familiar designs
including swords, spears, axes, hammers, or bows.
Security and Protection
Health
 Health
• Many cultures in ancient times treated illnesses with
magic and herbal remedies.
• People believes that the supernatural powers of a
shaman also known as medicine man or witch
doctor, healed the sick.
• Ancient Egyptians thought that their Gods healed
them.
 Health
• The bark of willow tree contains one of the
oldest medicinal remedies in human history. In
its modern form, we call it aspirin. More than
3,500 years ago, the ancient Sumerians and
Egyptians used willow bark as medicine for pain
relief.
 Unusual Ancient Medical
Techniques

1. Bloodletting
- For thousand of years, medical practitioners clung to the belief that sickness was merely the
result of a little “bad blood. ”
- To restore bodily harmony, their doctor would simply cut open a vein and drain some of their
vital fluids.
- In some cases, leeches were even used to suck the blood directly from skin.
 Unusual Ancient Medical
Techniques

2. Trepanation
- Humanity’s oldest form of surgery as far back as 7,000 years ago, civilization.
- The practice of boring holes in the skull as a means of curing illnesses.
- it may have been a tribal ritual or even a method of releasing evil spirits
believed to possess the sick and mentally ill.
Unusual Ancient Medical Techniques

3. Mercury
- Is notorious for its toxic properties,
but was once used as a common
elixer and topical medicine.
- Some healers even promised that
consuming noxious brews
containing poisonous mercury,
sulfur and arsenic , their patients
would gain eternal life and the
ability to walk on water.
- Chinese Emperor Quin Shi Huang,
who supposedly died after ingesting
mercury pills design to make him
immortal.
Unusual Ancient Medical Techniques

4. Animal Dung
Ointments
- Lizard Blood, Dead Mice, mud
and moldy bread were all used
as topical ointments and
dressings, and women were
sometimes dosed with horse
saliva as a cure for an impaired
libido,
- Egyptian Physician used human
and animal excrement as a
cure-all remedy for diseases
and injuries.
Unusual Ancient Medical Techniques

5. Babylonian Skull Cure

- For the ancient Babylonians,
most illnesses were thought to
be the result of demonic forces
or punishment by gods for pas
misdeeds.
- According to ancient
necromantic texts, the doctor
would recommend sleeping by
a human skull for a week as a
way of exorcising the spirit and
in some cases instruct to kiss
or lick the skull seven times
each night.
Architecture and Engineering
 Architecture and Engineering

• The development in engineering also ushered in the

introduction Architecture. Others might see architecture as a
mere style, but during the ancient times, elaborate architectural
designs were signs of technological advancement of a
particular civilization. In the generations to come, nations of
how advanced their technology is. It may also established the
identity of the nation.
Architecture and Engineering
Architecture and Engineering
Architecture and Engineering
Architecture and Engineering
Architecture and Engineering
MASS PRODUCTION
 MASS PRODUCTION

• The increase in size and the number of nations connoted

INCREASED DEMAND FOR FOOD AND OTHER BASIC
NECESSITIES. This condition also implied that people must
be able to produce food at a given time and space since
resources were getting unusual as more people struggled to
share the basic necessities. The people need a form of
technology that would enable them to increase food supplies
and other survival needs without them travelling more or
working harder.
MASS PRODUCTION
MASS PRODUCTION
MASS PRODUCTION
RECORD KEEPING
 RECORD KEEPING

• RECORD – KEEPING was also important since they

needed to remember the places they had been to and
document the trades they made with each other. It was also
vital to keep records of their history and culture so they
could establish their identities as they tried to relate with
other cultures and civilizations.
RECORD KEEPING
RECORD KEEPING
RECORD KEEPING
Aesthetic
 Aesthetic

• The people were not contented on beautifying only the

infrastructures and surroundings, being able to prolong life
technology, as well as raise the quality of life by making
complicated and difficult task easier, humans later on developed
people looked more visually PRESENTABLE AND APPEALING
by adding some features and decoration in their body.
Aesthetic
Aesthetic
COMMUNICATION
 COMMUNICATION

• COMMUNICATION was also essential in their endeavours to

discover and occupy new places. They needed a way to
communicate with the natives of the areas they visited so as to
facilitate trade and prevent possible conflicts.
COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION
TRANSPORTATION AND NAVIGATION
 TRANSPORTATION AND NAVIGATION
• TRANSPORTATION is significant during that time because
people were trying to go to places and discover new
horizons. They travel to search for food and find a better
place locations for their settlements. They also travelled to
their surplus goods in exchange for things that they lacked.
 TRANSPORTATION AND NAVIGATION

• NAVIGATION assisted them in their journeys to unfamiliar

and strange areas in the world. It allowed them to return
home after they discovered new places or completed an
important trade with another group of people.
TRANSPORTATION AND NAVIGATION
TRANSPORTATION AND NAVIGATION
TRANSPORTATION AND NAVIGATION
TRANSPORTATION AND NAVIGATION
Problems on Ancient Times Addressed by
Science and Technology
S - Security and Protection

H - Health

A - Architecture and Engineering

M - Mass Production

R - Record Keeping

A - Aesthetic

C - Communication

T - Transportation and Navigation