MSN 445 MTM

1
Maritime Traffic Management

(MSN 445)
Lecture hours:
 Wednesday (13:00 – 14:50 )
 (Class Room : Online)
Capt. Mohammad
11/30/2020 Mostafa Kamal
COURSE PORTFOLIO
FACULTY OF MARITIME STUDIES
DEPARTMENT OF NAUTICAL SCIENCE
COURSE TITLE:
COURSE CODE: MSN 445
LEVEL / YEAR : 8 / 4
DATE : 20 January 2021
11/30/2020 Capt. Mohammad Mostafa Kamal 2

Instructor’s Information
 Name of the Instructor: Capt. Mohammad Mostafa Kamal
 Office Location : Floor 3rd – Room Number: TF 06
 Office Hours :
Sunday 10:00 AM to 1200 PM
Tuesday 12:00 PM to 1400 PM
 Contact Number(s): Phone: 6990798 ext. 156

Mobile: 0544662537 (personal)
 E-mail: mmkamal@kau.edu.sa /
captmmkamal@gmail.com /
captmmkamal@yahoo.com
Course Information
 Course Title & Code:
Maritime Traffic Management (MSN-445)
 Course meeting Times, Places:
Wednesday ( 13:00 – 14:50 )
(Class Room: Online)
 Course pre-requisites :
MSN – 342 ( Maritime English )
NUMBER OF UNITS
NAME OF COURSE CODE/NO.
Theor. Lab. Tra. Credit
MSN 445 2 0 1 2
Elective - 3
Prerequisite
MSN – 342 ( Maritime English )
DESCRIPTION OF THE COURSE
Historical introduction of Vessel traffic services
(VTS) and maritime traffic, the international issues
on VTS and maritime traffic, Convention on
Facilitation of International Maritime Traffic (FAL
convention); functions of VTS; maritime
communications adaptable to maritime traffic
facilitation (EDI)
Practical: application and field visits to VTS

centers and maritime traffic facilities in the port.

Course Objectives
 Student will gain knowledge of maritime
traffic (vessels, passengers and cargo)
with its applications in the port.
 At the end of the course the student will
gain the required knowledge of the
maritime traffic, its elements, applications
and affecting factors.

Learning Resources
 PPT & Handouts provided by Lecturer
 Text Books:
 IALA VTS Manual, IALA, 2002
 Reference Books:
 IMO Resolution A.857(20), 1997

 IMO FAL Convention, 2006 edition.
 Taha, M. Y, Vessel Traffic Services – Factors
Affecting Port Efficiency, 2006.

Course Requirements &
Grading
 Student Assessment:
Two Quizzes 10 Marks 7th & 12th Weeks
Midterm Exam 20 Marks 07th Week
Research Report 10 Marks 12th Week
Attendance &
Class Activities 10 Marks All Along
Final Exam 40 Marks 15th Week
 Students have to respect University rules and ethics

and show good behavior. Absence of 25% of classes
without medical report might forbid the student from
attending the final exam.

Detail Course Schedule
 Detail contents of topics and activities
planned for each class session during the
term.
 Reading assignments for each topic.
 Homework assignments and Exam due
dates.

Course Schedule Model
(Meeting two times a Week)
Week Date & Time Topic Reading What is due ?
Assignment
1

(Meeting two times a Week)-cont.
Week Date & Time Topic Reading What is due
Assignment ?
4

(Meeting two times a Week)-cont.
Week Date & Time Topic Reading What is due ?
Assignment
7

VTS / VTMIS
 VTS - Vessel Traffic Services
 VTIS - Vessel Traffic Information Services
 VTMS - Vessel Traffic Management Services
 VTMIS - Vessel Traffic Management and

Information Services

1. CLASIFICARE
 PORT
 COASTAL
 REGIONAL

1.1 Port VTS
 Zone with heavy traffic

 Traffic of dangerous and / or
polluting goods
 Zone difficult to navigate
 Narrow area (canal, pass etc.)
 Environmentally sensitive areas

1.2 Coastal VTS
 Territorial waters
 Assistance (in navigation)
 Reporting (mandatory reporting

points)

1.3 VTS regional
 Exchange of data and information
between VTSs:
 National
 Zonal
 International

2. Objective VTS
 2.1 Monitoring
 2.2 Planning
 2.3 Information
 2.4 Assistannce
 2.5 Prevention
 2.6 Protection
In order to increase the safety of

navigation, increase the efficiency of the
maritime traffic and the protection of the
environment.
3. VTS Services
 3.1 Information Service
 3.2 Navigation Assistance Service
 3.3 Traffic Organization Service

Information service
3.1 Information Service

 Provides in a timely manner, upon request or
whenever the situation requires information
relevant to the VTS area regarding:
 traffic in the area;
 local weather situation;
 the areas and anchoring facilities;
 dangers and / or navigation restrictions;
 any other relevant information necessary for
ships.
 For making decisions on board.


3.2 Navigation Assistance Service
Provides on request or whenever
required, assistance of ships in traffic in
the VTS area and monitoring of effects in
situations of:
heavy traffic;
difficulties / deficiencies in navigation
low visibility or bad weather
potential dangers, etc.

3.3 Traffic Organization Service
 It ensures the organization and control

of traffic by providing information,
warnings and recommendations to
ships, in order to prevent potentially
dangerous traffic situations, incidents
and accidents in the VTS area.
 Ensures safe and efficient traffic in the

area of applicability.
. VTS Services
INFORMATION ASSISTANCE TRAFFIC ORGANIZATION
Traffic Information Information and Organizing and conducting

assistance of own ships maneuvers safely
reference at their
position and maneuver
Weather Information Identification and Reporting system for
assistance of other organizing and conducting
vessels in the VTS area activities
Traffic Conditions Warnings issued to Organizing traffic in position

ships individually and time
Hydro-meteorological Assistance to pilots Planning and scheduling the

Information maneuvers ahead of time
NAVTEX Establishing the tasks and the

passage plan for each ship
Enforcement of traffic rules

VTS area traffic process diagram

4. VTS components
 4.1 VTS Center
 4.2 Organization of VTS
 4.3 Services
 4.4 National / international authorities
 4.5 VTS Zone

4.1 VTS Center
 Human component:
 Operational
 VTS operator
 VTS supervisor
 VTS manager
 the coordinating pilot
 Of maintenance
4.1 VTS Center…..
 Hardware component:
 communications
 sensors
 data and information

 Communications through:
 VHF (incl. RDF)

 Tele-phone
 Fax
 Telex
 E - mail

 Sensors:
 Image
 RADAR / AIS
 CCTV
 RDF
 Environment
 hydrological
 meteorological
 Data and information:
 hydrological
 meteorological
 ships (static and dynamic)
 dangerous goods information
 logistic support
 resource planning
4.2 Organization of VTS
 Personnel and departments involved in:
 traffic planning
 connection with other services (captain,
pilots, customs, agents, operators, other
ports, etc.)
 processing of traffic information

4.3 Associated Services
 Pilotage
 Towage
 Binding
 Customs
 Police
 Agents
 Ship-owners
4.4 National / International Authorities
 National
 The Ministry of Transport
 Port Authorities
 Coast Guard (border police)
 International
 International Maritime Organization (IMO)
 International Association of Maritime
Signaling and Lighthouse Authority (IALA)
4.5 VTS Area
 Vessels
 maritime
 river-boats
 Fishing vessels
 patrolling
 off-shore vessels
 tugs
 special (platforms)
 leisure, etc.
 Communication
 vessels remain responsible
 different experience and training
 different nationalities
5. FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT
 5.1 Main
 ordering the traffic of ships in the area
of jurisdiction according to priorities;
 traffic monitoring and routine control of
ships through information and
assistance provided to them;
 navigation assisted by VTS through
information and assistance to avoid
potentially dangerous situations,
incidents and navigation accidents.
 5.2 Obligatory
 It has an objective of the supervision and
monitoring of the compliance with the laws
and regulations in the respective VTS area,
as well as taking the necessary measures
when appropriate.
 5.3 Remedy / limitation
 Intended to follow the reduction of the
effects and consequences of incidents that
involve search, rescue, depollution, cases in
which the VTS center together with the
specialized services competes to limit the
unwanted consequences
DATA COLLECTION
 It is done by VHF, telephone, fax, telex, E-
mail (etc.) and includes:
 Ship notifications
 Pilot bulletins
 Daily newsletters
 Weather bulletins and notices
 Notices for navigators
 Orders, decisions and circulars
 Buoys Positions
SUPPLY OF INFORMATION
 The information is provided on request
or express to:
 All associated services with which
cooperation and collaboration
relationships are established
 Ships sailing in the VTS area
 Vessels in anchor
 Vessels in the harbor or moored in port.

 The information can be provided:
 At fixed time intervals (e.g. weather

bulletins, notices, warnings, etc.)
 At the request of ships for the
purpose of conducting traffic
safely in a VTS area
 Whenever necessary;

TRANSFER AND EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION

 The data collected from different sources are
sorted, transferred, processed and part of them
are stored and then transferred data is selected
and distributed to the interested parties.
 The process must be continuous and checked

step by step, to determine whether:
 the source of the information is correct,
 the selection of the information was done
correctly.
 The data in the system cannot be modified

without prior authorization.

VTS - Operational Level

VTS - Organizational Level

COMMUNICATION
 International harmonization and
standardization of communication procedures;
 The VTS and the ship (s) must understand
each other clearly, without giving rise to
confusion;
 Use of the local language (where appropriate);
Communication in English using:

 IMO Standard Marine Communication
Phrases (SMCP)

TEHNICAL COMMUNICATION
* schematic development of the communication mode
.
EXPEDITOR (VTS) DESTINATAR (Vessel)
(SENDER) (RECEIVER)
intentie intelegere
(intention) (meaning)
codat decodat
(code) (decode)
message
legatura
(relationship)
feedback
distorsiuni,zgomote
(surroundings)
 The sender - for good reason, wants to send a
message to one or more recipients;
 The recipient (s) - understand the message, and

interpret the message as the sender
 The intention of the transmitter is to be the same

as the recipient understands and the
confirmation to be understood.
 The sender (VTS operator) checks to see if the

message was understood by:
- communication
- monitoring the effects of communication
MESSAGE CONSTRUCTION
 APPEAL = the name of the ship / call-
sign to which the message is addressed
followed by the name of the sender;
 TEXT = message content;
 CLOSING = over or out depending on

what is expected

Message markers
MESSAGE MARKERS:
(MM) - instruction - question
- advice - answer
- warning - request
- information - intention
 WHY (MM)? - to be sure that the messages between

shore-ship and ship-shore will be correctly understood.
 WHERE (MM)? - on land (VTS operators) in the VTS
center and officers on board ships.
 HOW (MM)? - MM should be clear, precise, simple to
prevent confusion and error.
 All VTS messages must be in order:
 Information
 Warning
 Advice
 The content of a message must be of the form:
"MM WWW IEI KISS"
 MM = Message Markers
 WWW = What? Where? Where to?
 IEI = Is Everybody Informed?
 Kiss = Short ???
 The VTS operator must have a clear picture of

the traffic and inform in time all the ships about
the situation in the VTS area.
6. FUNCTIONAL BLOCKS - VTMIS
 6.1 BASIC:
6.1.1 - Interface - SYSTEM
6.1.2 - Data network
6.1.3 - Radar / AIS
6.1.4 - Marine communications
6.1.5 - Recording / playback
6.1.6 - Correlation of tracks
6.1.7 - Database management
6.1.8 - Resource management
 6.2 OPTIONAL:
 6.2.1 – Radio-compass VHF

 6.2.2 - Meteorological sensors
 6.2.3 - Power supplies
 6.2.4 - Monitoring system
 6.2.5 - Closed-circuit television
system

Functional structure of a VTS system
 Figure 1 Functional System Structure

 6.1.1. INTERFACE OM – SYSTEM
(Human Machine Interface)
 It offers the operator the possibility to control
and display the system data
 Hardware for human interface - system:

- operators' computers
(workstation)
- printers

 Software for human interface - system:
- the geographical image displays data on the
geographical situation, alarms, collision risk,
registration etc.
- informational image displays data on ships,
navigation, weather, environmental and
sensor control etc.

 6.1.2. DATA NETWORK
 It makes it difficult to connect the databases
to ensure the exchange of information
between different components of the system
and includes:
 high power modem

 radiolegature channel in the microwave field
 Ethernet network cards
 interfaces for fiber optic transmissions
(FDDI).
 6.1.3. RADAR / AIS BLOCK
 Provides radar coverage of the area
of interest. Includes:
 radar antenna with motor support
 radar transceiver (emitter-receiver)
 radar / AIS data processor
 The AIS block ensures the automatic

identification of the vessels and allows them
to be acquired by rendering the movement
elements (course, speed).
 Configure of RADAR

 6.1.4 AUDIO COMMUNICATIONS BLOCK
 Provides communications in the MF, HF, VHF
and UHF bands
 It allows the operator to communicate using
a radio channel related to his station.
Includes:
1. radio antenna
2. band filter
3. transceiver (transmitter - receiver)
4. telephone lines

Configuration of radio
communications block

6.1.5 RECORD / PLAYBACK BLOCK
 It offers the ability to record data, for later
playback and analysis. These data may
include:
 radar tracks
 related routes
 weather data
 commands and actions of operators
 system alarms
 selections of the audio channels made by the
operators
 audio data recordings, etc.
Configure recording / playback

6.1.6 ROUTE CORRELATION BLOCK
 Retains information about a particular

route received from different sources
 It combines (correlates) the route
information into a single report for each
ship
 Forward the information:
1. workstations (operators)
2. database for display or archiving
Route correlation configuration (track)

6.1.7 DATABASE MANAGEMENT
 Ensures mass storage, online, of long-
term system data.
 Facilitates the fulfillment of the data

storage and processing requirements of
the system.
 It realizes the interface with the external

data sources and with the data users of
the VTMIS system.
6.1.8 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
 Provides an assessment of the state of the equipment

and data in the system;
 Ensures the recording of errors, alarms, operator
warning and automatic shutdown (standby), of critical
equipment and processes;
 Processes point data, point control data, alarms and
errors occurring at workstations and system
interfacing units;
 Track and record system errors, alarms, operator
actions and status measurements;
 Coordinates the entire activity of testing and
collecting state quantities of equipment.
Duties and responsibilities for VTS / RIS staff
 Main: - monitoring;
 tracking;
 information;
 management;
 supervision;
 traffic coordination and control within the limit
of applicability.
 Purpose:
 to ensure the safety of navigation;
 increasing the efficiency and fluidization of
traffic;
 environmental protection.
Capacities and responsibilities of VTS /
RIS operators
A VTS / RIS operator must have the ability / ability to:
 interpret verbal information;
 interpret written information;
 follow the procedures;
 find practical solutions to problems;
 understands ship traffic;
 communicates briefly to the object;
 understands incidents in all their complexity;
 continue working in stressful conditions (due to
time pressure, unforeseen accidents, etc.).
Capabilities of VTS / RIS operators
A VTS / RIS operator must be able to:
1. monitor the information received from different

sources;
2. create an image in its dynamics (to anticipate);
3. takes new information while performing other tasks;
4. anticipate and predict events / situations;
5. plan and coordinate different services;
6. be concentrated in periods of low activity;
7. order / group priorities;
8. correctly decide the importance / weight of the
information;
9. assumes responsibility;
10. organize;
11. communicate clearly and correctly.
Cooperation with related services
 Cooperation and collaboration relationships, including
data exchange with:
→ the compartments within the captaincy;
→ piloting agencies;
→ towing and binding agents;
→ ship agents;
→ port administration;
→ emergency services and assistance;
→ coastal radio services;
→ border police;
→ port police and customs; etc. .
 Cooperation and collaboration relationships including
data exchange with other similar regional services.
SUPPLY OF INFORMATION
The information is provided on request or express to:
1. All the related services with which cooperation and

collaboration relationships are established
2. Ships sailing in the VTS area
3. Ships at anchor
4. Ships in harbors or moored in port
The information can be provided:
1. At fixed time intervals (e.g. weather bulletins, notices,

warnings, etc.)
2. At the request of the VTS center
3. At the request of the ships for the purpose of conducting
the traffic safely and fluently, in a VTS area
Health standards / aptitudes
 To possess sufficient aptitudes / capacities to:
1. extracts relevant information from a variety of
sources;
2. combines auditory and visual information;
3. demonstrate spatial and functional awareness;
4. act quickly and decisively in complicated
situations;
5. perform several tasks simultaneously;
6. perform routine work without getting bored;
7. in vigilance;
8. had good communication skills;
9. show initiative.
AIS & VTS
 AIS OBJECTIVES
 The use of AIS increases the safety and
efficiency of navigation.
 SOLAS chapter V, R 19 mentions that an AIS
must:
 identify the ships
 assist and monitor ship movements
 simplifies the exchange of information
 provide additional information for collision
prevention and avoidance

 PERFORMANCE OF AIS
 The AIS system works on the principle of a

transponder in the VHF maritime frequency
band capable of providing static and dynamic
information about the ship (name, size, type,
draft, cargo, position, road, speed, etc.),
ships or shore facilities equipped. with AIS.
 AIS is a powerful system of:
 communications
 rendering of traffic situations
 traffic optimization
The AIS system

 COMPONENTS OF THE AIS SYSTEM
 transmitter - VHF receiver;

 channel for management;
 central processing unit;
 electronic positioning system of the
ship;
 interface with gyro, log and other
sensors on board;
 radar / ARPA / ECS / ECDIS interface.

COMPONENTS OF THE AIS SYSTEM

 THE AIS DATA SYSTEM
 The AIS transponder transmits data:
 Static
 MMSI, IMO no
 Call sign and name
 length and width
 type of vessel
 position of the antenna on the ship
 Dynamic:
 ship position and time (UTC)
 the course and the speed above the ground
 the true course
 period of turn
 the state of seaworthiness (at anchor, seas, etc.
 trim angle (optional)
 Kinetic movement and moment of inertia (optional)
Image AIS

 AIS BENEFITS
 automatic identification of ships;
 Improving the tracking of the track of the ship
purchased through:
 increasing the coverage distance (at the max
beat of the VHF radio frequency)
 high accuracy in obtaining the position of the
ship
 absence of radar shadow areas
 accurate picture rendering
 maneuver of the ship in real time
 clear image in adverse weather conditions
 the possibility of a quick and detailed
assessment of the
11/30/2020
movement of the ship
Capt. Mohammad Mostafa Kamal 80
 AIS BENEFITS - cont.
 rapid exchange of information between the VTS
center and the ships equipped with AIS;
 sending safety messages from ships to the VTS
center;
 automatic transmission of data regarding dangerous
goods carried;
 reducing verbal communications in VHF;
 the possibility of automatic recording, playback and
archiving of information between VTS and AIS;
 increasing the efficiency of traffic and port
management;
 AIS BENEFITS - cont.
 Ability to quickly exchange and transfer
ship information between VTS centers
equipped with AIS;
 Management improvement in SAR
activities;
 Significant increase in accuracy and safety
in monitoring vessels equipped with AIS;
 Possibility of transmitting meteorological
and hydrological information;

 Use of the AIS system in dangerous points /
positions for navigation, from where to send
information and warnings related to navigation
in the respective areas.


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1

Maritime Traffic Management

11/30/2020 Capt. Mohammad Mostafa Kamal 2

 Office Location : Floor 3rd – Room Number: TF 06

 Contact Number(s): Phone: 6990798 ext. 156

Practical: application and field visits to VTS

11/30/2020 Capt. Mohammad Mostafa Kamal 5

11/30/2020 Capt. Mohammad Mostafa Kamal 6

 IALA VTS Manual, IALA, 2002

 IMO Resolution A.857(20), 1997

11/30/2020 Capt. Mohammad Mostafa Kamal 7

 Students have to respect University rules and ethics

11/30/2020 Capt. Mohammad Mostafa Kamal 8

11/30/2020 Capt. Mohammad Mostafa Kamal 9

11/30/2020 Capt. Mohammad Mostafa Kamal 10

11/30/2020 Capt. Mohammad Mostafa Kamal 11

11/30/2020 Capt. Mohammad Mostafa Kamal 12

 VTS - Vessel Traffic Services

 VTIS - Vessel Traffic Information Services

 VTMS - Vessel Traffic Management Services

 VTMIS - Vessel Traffic Management and

11/30/2020 Capt. Mohammad Mostafa Kamal 14

11/30/2020 Capt. Mohammad Mostafa Kamal 15

 Zone with heavy traffic

11/30/2020 Capt. Mohammad Mostafa Kamal 16

 Assistance (in navigation)

 Reporting (mandatory reporting

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In order to increase the safety of

 3.2 Navigation Assistance Service

 3.3 Traffic Organization Service

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3.1 Information Service

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 It ensures the organization and control

 Ensures safe and efficient traffic in the

Traffic Information Information and Organizing and conducting

Traffic Conditions Warnings issued to Organizing traffic in position

Hydro-meteorological Assistance to pilots Planning and scheduling the

NAVTEX Establishing the tasks and the

Enforcement of traffic rules

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 4.2 Organization of VTS

 4.4 National / international authorities

 4.5 VTS Zone

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 VHF (incl. RDF)

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 At fixed time intervals (e.g. weather

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 The process must be continuous and checked

 The data in the system cannot be modified

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Communication in English using: